Open Source Ecology - User contributions [en]

Ruminants

2012-02-25T21:59:56Z

DanielRavenNest: Added requirements calculations based on info provided by Sara Dzimianski

{{Breadcrumb|Food and Agriculture|Animal Husbandry}}
[[File:Goats1.jpg|right|400px]]To convert grasses, broadleaf, and misc vegetation to food we need ruminants, but which ones? This page intends to explore the common ruminants of goats, cattle, sheep and come up with an optimal grazing strategy for given landscapes.

See also: [[Rabbits]]

http://www.caf.wvu.edu/avs/sheep/PDF/Newsletters/NLSPRING05.pdf
This study here suggests that given cattle's strong preference for grass and goat's ability to munch a grass and other vegetation that a mixed grazing system may be optimal. Sheep also can be thrown in the mix particularly if wool is desired. These could all be raised on the same pasture by rotating them through cells (see below).

{{Wanted|Some organic farmers are interested in unconventional, locally-adapted ruminants like buffalo, deer, antelope etc. Some discussion of this would be cool}}

==Goats==

====Land Requirement====

[http://media.eatwisconsincheese.com/dairyimpact/statistics/dairyStatistics.aspx US Dairy Statistics] indicate a total milk production of 287 kg (633 lb) per person, which is then used for direct consumption as fluid, and for making dairy products such as cheese. An average dairy goat produces 3.8 kg (1 gallon) of milk per day, thus requiring 0.2 producing goats per person. For a community of 200, therefore 41 milking goats are needed on a year-round average basis if goats are the sole ruminant. The adult goat to milking goat ratio is [TBD], giving a total adult herd size of [TBD], plus kids, which are a byproduct of the milk production.

For temperate regions with good soil, you can stock approximately 12 goats/ha (5/acre), thus giving a required pasture area of [TBD] for a community of 200. The following additional factors should be considered in order to fit goats/livestock into a community project:

:* '''Mixed Land Use''' - For example, hosting other species to more fully use what the pasture grows, or mixing timber with goats to graze the underbrush to get dual use of the land.
:* '''Long Term Fertility''' - depletion/additions from animal wastes and how that affects the net requirement for soil inputs to maintain fertility.
:* '''By Products''' - Besides milk, livestock produce meat, leather, and slaughter wastes.
:* '''Surplus for Income''' - Possibly raising a surplus of products to sell, in order to purchase items the community cannot make on their own.
:* '''Legal Requirements''' - Obviously you want the products to be safe to use, but consider the options of sole proprietor vs community ownership of the herd, and internal use only vs sale of products, and how that affects legal overhead and qualifications of staff doing the work.
:* '''Bootstrapping''' - Smallest starting herd would be 1 goat, but obviously you need at least two to breed, and a rational expansion plan to go from a minimal starting point to an efficient herd size, after which you replicate the herd and facilities as needed.

====Facility and Equipment Requirement====

* '''Shelter''' - Approx 1 square meter (10 sq ft) per animal during bad weather.
* '''Milking & Creamery''' - Size, Layout, and detailed equipment TBD. Equipment is needed to milk the animals, possibly slaughter them, store and bottle milk and produce cheese and other products from it.

'''*** Need references to existing facility and equipment designs here ***'''

====Breeds====

*http://www.kindergoats.com/ - Most people are not aware of a small meat/dairy goat called the Kinder [spoken "Kin-dur".] It was developed over 30 years ago and has gained great success in competing against its larger cousins. This little goat will produce a gallon of milk a day, is much more feed efficient than other breeds, is small so easy to handle (especially the bucks) and is stocky so makes for better meat than the other dairy breeds. Another advantage over other breeds is that the Kinder will breed all year long so you can rotate your milking does and always have plenty of milk. The milk is also higher in protein and butterfat so better for making cheese. This little goat was developed for the small farmstead. The primary lady behind this breed is a long time prepper and has always believed the Kinder will get the job done when other goats fail. For further information, see KinderGoat.com or contact Pat Showalter, primary founder and president of the Kinder Goat Breeder's Association at kinderzed@aol.com.

==Mob-grazing / cell-grazing==
In the wild, herbivores gather together in tight groups for protection from predators. They graze a small area of pasture intensively, then move on to a different spot. By contrast, most farmers stock ruminants sparsely and rarely move them. Natural grazing is intensive; artificial grazing is extensive.

The form of grazing championed by [http://www.savoryinstitute.com/ The Savory Institute] and [http://polyfacefarms.com Polyface Farms] aims to replicate the natural grazing patterns of ruminants. The pasture is divided up into small cells by electric fencing connected to [[batteries]]. This fencing is very light and easy to rearrange. The entire herd is corralled into one cell at a very high density (e.g. 100 cows in a half-acre cell) and allowed to graze there for one day before being moved to the next cell. The livestock do their rounds of the pasture, one cell at a time. Each cell is grazed only a few days a year, and spends the rest of the time regrowing vegetation. (Permaculturalists will notice that this is the same method as the 'chicken tractor'; corralling livestock onto a small area for short periods of time to graze and improve the soil with manure and trampling/scratching.) You must observe how long it takes the vegetation to regrow; return the livestock to the cell when the vegetation has just finished its growth spurt and is entering maturity. 50-100 days is a typical regrowth time.

The animals improve the soil by trampling and cultivating it, and with their manure. And when they mow down the forage, it drops its roots into the soil, where they rot and improve the soil further. The livestock do not just eat plain grass, but a whole range of grasses, groundcovers and weeds. This varied diet results in healthier animals, lower veterinary costs, and tastier meat. The key to the whole system is good soil, which allows forage to grow faster. Apart from the natural soil-improving effect of mob-grazing, amending the soil with [[:Category:Soil and compost|compost]], [[worms]], [[biochar]] and [[Nitrogen Fixation|nitrogen-fixing]] trees will further increase productivity. Ultimately, farming livestock comes down to farming forage. Cell-grazing on optimized soil allows for much higher stocking densities than would otherwise be possible; Polyface Farms stock about one cow per 1.5 acres and The Rodale Institute have one cow per 1.8 acres, compared to one cow per 18 acres for extensive pastures.

*[http://www.savoryinstitute.com/ The Savory Institute]
*[http://polyfacefarms.com Polyface Farms] - they use a complex system in which cows, turkeys, pigs, chickens, hens and [[rabbits]] are rotated around the cells on a precise schedule.
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQPN1O03z8I#t=10m47s TED talk mentioning Polyface Farm]. Note the [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQPN1O03z8I#t=14m22s huge yields].
*[http://vimeo.com/8239427 Lecture by Allan Savory] - long but eye-opening.
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mftwXBAwnBU What mob-grazing looks like]
*A YouTube serach for 'Polyface Farms' or 'Joel Salatin' yields a lot more information. They believe in transparency and in disseminating information about their farming methods to the public.
*http://newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/features/2006/0606/grazingtall/collins.shtml - An article from The Rodale Institute on their grazing methods. Talks about timing, recovery, and the effects of mob-grazing on carbon and water flows. They graze 400-800 cows/acre (or 1,000-2,000 per hectare).

==Silvopasture==
Silvopasture refers to growing trees in pasture. This provides shade and forage for the animals, and improves the soil.

==Using ponds in pasture==
Reeds on the edge of water grow much faster than land-based forage can - see [[aquaculture]]. You can use this to grow extra forage - and therefore produce more meat - by letting ruminants graze along the edge of a pond. The edge of the pond should be crinkly, not straight, to maximize the edge area in which reeds can grow.

Ruminants

2012-02-25T20:51:48Z

DanielRavenNest:

{{Breadcrumb|Food and Agriculture|Animal Husbandry}}
[[File:Goats1.jpg|right|400px]]To convert grasses, broadleaf, and misc vegetation to food we need ruminants, but which ones? This page intends to explore the common ruminants of goats, cattle, sheep and come up with an optimal grazing strategy for given landscapes.

See also: [[Rabbits]]

http://www.caf.wvu.edu/avs/sheep/PDF/Newsletters/NLSPRING05.pdf
This study here suggests that given cattle's strong preference for grass and goat's ability to munch a grass and other vegetation that a mixed grazing system may be optimal. Sheep also can be thrown in the mix particularly if wool is desired. These could all be raised on the same pasture by rotating them through cells (see below).

{{Wanted|Some organic farmers are interested in unconventional, locally-adapted ruminants like buffalo, deer, antelope etc. Some discussion of this would be cool}}

==Goats==

[http://media.eatwisconsincheese.com/dairyimpact/statistics/dairyStatistics.aspx US Dairy Statistics] indicate a total production of 287 kg (633 lb) per person.

*http://www.kindergoats.com/ - Most people are not aware of a small meat/dairy goat called the Kinder [spoken "Kin-dur".] It was developed over 30 years ago and has gained great success in competing against its larger cousins. This little goat will produce a gallon of milk a day, is much more feed efficient than other breeds, is small so easy to handle (especially the bucks) and is stocky so makes for better meat than the other dairy breeds. Another advantage over other breeds is that the Kinder will breed all year long so you can rotate your milking does and always have plenty of milk. The milk is also higher in protein and butterfat so better for making cheese. This little goat was developed for the small farmstead. The primary lady behind this breed is a long time prepper and has always believed the Kinder will get the job done when other goats fail. For further information, see KinderGoat.com or contact Pat Showalter, primary founder and president of the Kinder Goat Breeder's Association at kinderzed@aol.com.

==Mob-grazing / cell-grazing==
In the wild, herbivores gather together in tight groups for protection from predators. They graze a small area of pasture intensively, then move on to a different spot. By contrast, most farmers stock ruminants sparsely and rarely move them. Natural grazing is intensive; artificial grazing is extensive.

The form of grazing championed by [http://www.savoryinstitute.com/ The Savory Institute] and [http://polyfacefarms.com Polyface Farms] aims to replicate the natural grazing patterns of ruminants. The pasture is divided up into small cells by electric fencing connected to [[batteries]]. This fencing is very light and easy to rearrange. The entire herd is corralled into one cell at a very high density (e.g. 100 cows in a half-acre cell) and allowed to graze there for one day before being moved to the next cell. The livestock do their rounds of the pasture, one cell at a time. Each cell is grazed only a few days a year, and spends the rest of the time regrowing vegetation. (Permaculturalists will notice that this is the same method as the 'chicken tractor'; corralling livestock onto a small area for short periods of time to graze and improve the soil with manure and trampling/scratching.) You must observe how long it takes the vegetation to regrow; return the livestock to the cell when the vegetation has just finished its growth spurt and is entering maturity. 50-100 days is a typical regrowth time.

The animals improve the soil by trampling and cultivating it, and with their manure. And when they mow down the forage, it drops its roots into the soil, where they rot and improve the soil further. The livestock do not just eat plain grass, but a whole range of grasses, groundcovers and weeds. This varied diet results in healthier animals, lower veterinary costs, and tastier meat. The key to the whole system is good soil, which allows forage to grow faster. Apart from the natural soil-improving effect of mob-grazing, amending the soil with [[:Category:Soil and compost|compost]], [[worms]], [[biochar]] and [[Nitrogen Fixation|nitrogen-fixing]] trees will further increase productivity. Ultimately, farming livestock comes down to farming forage. Cell-grazing on optimized soil allows for much higher stocking densities than would otherwise be possible; Polyface Farms stock about one cow per 1.5 acres and The Rodale Institute have one cow per 1.8 acres, compared to one cow per 18 acres for extensive pastures.

*[http://www.savoryinstitute.com/ The Savory Institute]
*[http://polyfacefarms.com Polyface Farms] - they use a complex system in which cows, turkeys, pigs, chickens, hens and [[rabbits]] are rotated around the cells on a precise schedule.
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQPN1O03z8I#t=10m47s TED talk mentioning Polyface Farm]. Note the [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQPN1O03z8I#t=14m22s huge yields].
*[http://vimeo.com/8239427 Lecture by Allan Savory] - long but eye-opening.
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mftwXBAwnBU What mob-grazing looks like]
*A YouTube serach for 'Polyface Farms' or 'Joel Salatin' yields a lot more information. They believe in transparency and in disseminating information about their farming methods to the public.
*http://newfarm.rodaleinstitute.org/features/2006/0606/grazingtall/collins.shtml - An article from The Rodale Institute on their grazing methods. Talks about timing, recovery, and the effects of mob-grazing on carbon and water flows. They graze 400-800 cows/acre (or 1,000-2,000 per hectare).

==Silvopasture==
Silvopasture refers to growing trees in pasture. This provides shade and forage for the animals, and improves the soil.

==Using ponds in pasture==
Reeds on the edge of water grow much faster than land-based forage can - see [[aquaculture]]. You can use this to grow extra forage - and therefore produce more meat - by letting ruminants graze along the edge of a pond. The edge of the pond should be crinkly, not straight, to maximize the edge area in which reeds can grow.

CNC Circuit Mill/Research Development

2012-02-13T01:37:24Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Ideas */

{{GVCS Header}}

=Overview=
{{Circuit Mill}}

=Snaplock=

*'''Snaplock consists of a high density polyethylene (HDPE; plastic number 4) frame, various metal components, 3 stepper motors for XYZ spindle movement, 1 DC motor for rotational spindle movement, and 3 stepper motor drivers that connect via Arduino microcontroller to the computer allowing digital control of this cnc circuit mill.'''

*'''Snaplock's discrete metal components include screws, shim washers, and locknuts as fasteners; flanged sleeve bearings, bronze bushings, radial ball bearings, and thrust bearings for friction reduction; couplings for kinetic transmission; clamp collars as shaft position holders; shafts as linear/rotary movement supports; leadscrews and leadscrew nuts as rotary-to-linear motion converters.'''

=Research=

*[[CNC]]
*[[CNC Software]]
*[[CNC Circuit Mill Discussion]]
*[[Circuit Mill Problem Statement]]
*[https://www.youtube.com/embed//fsWpC6L91qo Ultimaker Pick and Place]

=Ideas=

If it's going to be a dedicated circuit mill, as opposed to a generic tabletop CNC that happens to be used for circuit milling, then it should have more functions. With only a modest increase in complexity it could have a copper board "magazine" and a mechanical flipper that would automatically position an arbitrary number of two-sided copper boards to be milled on both sides. Perhaps the router bit can also be used to drill (route) some of the holes; at least the mounting holes. Both a router and drill can be mounted on the gantry. The router can be solenoid controlled (down to the right height or up and out of the way). The drill can be on the z-axis so it has full range of motion.

* The Red Blue CNC mill was Nick Santillan's graduate project. It is made up of three identical axes with holes every 3.5", allowing them to be reconfigured modularly. At [http://redbluecnc.blogspot.com/ his blog] and [http://blog.ponoko.com/2010/09/04/red-blue-cnc/ Ponoko] and [http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/8/view/10714/nick-santillan-red-blue-cnc.html Design Boom] and [http://boards.core77.com/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=21617 core77]

* '''[http://diylilcnc.org/ Open Source CNC Mill]''' - Design already exists!

=See Also=
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board_milling Wikipedia: Printed circuit board milling]

{{GVCS Footer}}

Modular Construction

2012-02-04T04:18:29Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Example: Modular Framing Panel */

==Examples==

* [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Eric_Hunting_Resource_Guide#Matrix.2FBox_Beam.2FGrid_Beam stuff already added to the wiki]
* [http://www.contraptor.org/ Contraptor] is a system for building mechatronics, primarily CNC machines.
* [http://gridbeamers.com/ Grid Beams] is a system for building furniture and machines. See [http://synergyii.com/Quikstix/index.html synergyii] and [http://gridbeam.biz/ gridbeam.biz] and [http://www.gridbeamnation.com/ grid beam nation] and [http://www.kk.org/cooltools/archives/003822.php the book]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80/20_(framing_system) T-slot extrusion] is a widely-duplicated system for building furniture and machines. See [http://www.minitecframing.com/ minitec framing] and [http://www.fastenal.com/web/search/products/raw-materials/extruded-t-slot-accessories/_/N-gj4ydi&Nty=0;jsessionid=vfz6PNmRbrFJJtvhk6YBpTJG1SXbRwgQVJdvyxyDMfGhFkpyB8p2!-34140176!-640547879 fastenal] and [http://www.tslotparts.com/ tslot parts] and [http://www.faztek.net/articles/tslot.html faztek] and [http://barrington-atn.com/tslot/default.htm frame world] and [http://www.mbsitem.co.uk/ machine building systems ltd] and [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ RCS Products] and many more.
* [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/701662757/makerbeam-an-open-source-building-kit/posts MakerBeam] is a system of mini-T-slot extrusions. See [http://www.sparkfun.com/products/10540 sparkfun]

==Architecture==

* [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ Allied Modular Building System]

The following modular construction concept is based on standard practice from the following references. New or alternative concepts can be compared to this reference design, and if found better, then become the new reference design.

* American Institute of Timber Construction, "Timber Construction Manual", 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

===Concept Description===

* The system consists of bolted timber framing on a standard spacing, and bolted filler panels of standard sizes. Using bolts allows additions and modifications relatively easily.

* Timbers and other lumber are cut locally from on-site trees, then dried using an on-site solar kiln. Un-used parts of the tree are left in the forest, or returned after cutting. Some additional nutrients are added to the forest for sustainability.

* Wood is left untreated to avoid substances like creosote or metallic salts. This requires an above ground foundation to protect the wood from moisture and termites. To keep the system modular, concrete column footers can be used under each wood post. If a building is modified, the footers can be extracted and re-used elsewhere as needed.

* Truss braces are used as needed for stability, and cut steel plates and welded angles are used where needed for joint strength. Where loads are not as high, frames and filler panels are bolted directly to each other.

* Roofing, exterior covering, windows, doors, insulation, and utilities can be pre-installed into filler panels. In this case they need to be in standard locations so they line up. Edge overlap will be needed to prevent leakage. Alternately these can be added later, in which case they should be installed with bolts or screws so they can be removed.

===Modular Design Features===

Conventional building materials are already somewhat modular. USA lumber and plywood come in sizes that are multiples of 2 feet, for example. But if needs change, conventional construction is not easily remodeled or recycled. Two basic features will allow for that: a standard grid and removable fasteners.

'''Standard Grid''' - This is to use multiples of a basic unit as the size of parts and the spacing of fasteners. Basic framing lumber has a thickness of 1.5 inches, which is nominally called 2 inch, but that is before drying and sanding. Then cut lengths should be multiples of 1.5 inches, and fastener spacing is also multiples of that unit size. That way pieces will automatically line up.

'''Removable Fasteners''' - Nails are fast to install, but hard to remove. If you don't think you will ever need to change or recycle what you are building, they might be suitable. For semi-permanent items, use screws on a standard grid spacing, and for items that will be changed often, use bolts. Not all holes for screws and bolts need to be drilled in advance, they can be added as needed, as long as the spacing is maintained.

'''Additional Features'''

* Where materials are not an exact multiple, such as studs which are actually 1.5x3.5 inches in size, choose one edge and measure the grid from that edge. Choose a convention such as "the starting edge faces the outside of the building", so items will line up properly. If you are making your own materials, you can make them exact multiples from the start.

* For wood, center screw and bolt holes in each grid square. Thus for a 1.5 inch grid, they would be 0.75 inches from the edge and end. Where extra strength or rigidity is needed, metal connectors and diagonal bracing can be used. For structures where human safety matters, either building codes or engineered designs should be used. As a first approximation, though, the fasteners should not fail before the structural elements. Since ordinary lumber has a design strength of 1000 psi, and common steel is 18 ksi, the area of fastener should be 1/18th of the area of wood for maximum strength. It can be less where only moderate strength is needed.

* For roof slopes, stairs, and other angled items, choose slopes that result in even multiples of the grid unit.

=== Example: Modular Framing Panel ===

[[File:4x8_Panel.jpg|800px|thumb|Right|Example 122 x 244cm (4x8 ft) Panel]]

The 122 x 244 cm (4 x 8 ft) framing panel is an example of the modular concept. A standard plywood sheet and dimensional lumber boards are framed flush at the edges. Longer individual boards or beams are added at the top and bottom of the panels to stabilize walls. Since the panel may be installed and removed multiple times, screws and optionally glue are used to assemble the panel rather than nails in conventional house framing. For this example, two countersunk lag screws would be used at each board to board joint. Countersinking the heads of the lag screws keeps the edges of the module flush. The plywood to board fastening optionally uses construction adhesive (glue), and screws also set flush.

Panel to panel connections are bolted. Make a T shaped template the same height as the panel, with alignment holes at regular intervals on the vertical part of the T. Mark or drill through the template into the panel boards. This ensures that panels have holes in the same location and bolts will line up.

If you are cutting your own lumber with a sawmill, you can substitute individual boards at a 45 degree angle for the plywood sheet. Placing the boards diagonally triangulates the frame and makes it rigid.

Items such as doors and windows can be pre-installed into a module, and panels can be pre-drilled for utilities. Module sizes can vary according to the expected assembly crew. For exterior use, items such as tar paper and furring strips can be pre-installed on the panel, and then vinyl or metal siding screwed on after the panels are assembled. Interior finish and insulation can be similarly panelized and installed after structural assembly.

=== Another Example ===

[http://www.ics-rm.net/en/index.php?p=products#ti Insulated Component Structures] makes prefabricated architectural units, like walls and ceilings and whatnot. They have innovative ways of latching the units together so that 1) you don't need fasteners and 2) they can be taken apart again.

Here's [http://www.prefabinsulatedpanel.com/ more] about companies that make prefabricated panels.

[[Category:Housing and construction]]

File:4x8 Panel.jpg

2012-02-04T04:17:06Z

DanielRavenNest: uploaded a new version of "File:4x8 Panel.jpg": Updated rendering to use edged faces (black outlines to better show the separate parts)

Example of modular construction panel 122x244 cm (4x8 ft)

Modular Construction

2012-02-01T19:35:30Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Example: Modular Framing Panel */

==Examples==

* [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Eric_Hunting_Resource_Guide#Matrix.2FBox_Beam.2FGrid_Beam stuff already added to the wiki]
* [http://www.contraptor.org/ Contraptor] is a system for building mechatronics, primarily CNC machines.
* [http://gridbeamers.com/ Grid Beams] is a system for building furniture and machines. See [http://synergyii.com/Quikstix/index.html synergyii] and [http://gridbeam.biz/ gridbeam.biz] and [http://www.gridbeamnation.com/ grid beam nation] and [http://www.kk.org/cooltools/archives/003822.php the book]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80/20_(framing_system) T-slot extrusion] is a widely-duplicated system for building furniture and machines. See [http://www.minitecframing.com/ minitec framing] and [http://www.fastenal.com/web/search/products/raw-materials/extruded-t-slot-accessories/_/N-gj4ydi&Nty=0;jsessionid=vfz6PNmRbrFJJtvhk6YBpTJG1SXbRwgQVJdvyxyDMfGhFkpyB8p2!-34140176!-640547879 fastenal] and [http://www.tslotparts.com/ tslot parts] and [http://www.faztek.net/articles/tslot.html faztek] and [http://barrington-atn.com/tslot/default.htm frame world] and [http://www.mbsitem.co.uk/ machine building systems ltd] and [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ RCS Products] and many more.
* [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/701662757/makerbeam-an-open-source-building-kit/posts MakerBeam] is a system of mini-T-slot extrusions. See [http://www.sparkfun.com/products/10540 sparkfun]

==Architecture==

* [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ Allied Modular Building System]

The following modular construction concept is based on standard practice from the following references. New or alternative concepts can be compared to this reference design, and if found better, then become the new reference design.

* American Institute of Timber Construction, "Timber Construction Manual", 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

===Concept Description===

* The system consists of bolted timber framing on a standard spacing, and bolted filler panels of standard sizes. Using bolts allows additions and modifications relatively easily.

* Timbers and other lumber are cut locally from on-site trees, then dried using an on-site solar kiln. Un-used parts of the tree are left in the forest, or returned after cutting. Some additional nutrients are added to the forest for sustainability.

* Wood is left untreated to avoid substances like creosote or metallic salts. This requires an above ground foundation to protect the wood from moisture and termites. To keep the system modular, concrete column footers can be used under each wood post. If a building is modified, the footers can be extracted and re-used elsewhere as needed.

* Truss braces are used as needed for stability, and cut steel plates and welded angles are used where needed for joint strength. Where loads are not as high, frames and filler panels are bolted directly to each other.

* Roofing, exterior covering, windows, doors, insulation, and utilities can be pre-installed into filler panels. In this case they need to be in standard locations so they line up. Edge overlap will be needed to prevent leakage. Alternately these can be added later, in which case they should be installed with bolts or screws so they can be removed.

===Modular Design Features===

Conventional building materials are already somewhat modular. USA lumber and plywood come in sizes that are multiples of 2 feet, for example. But if needs change, conventional construction is not easily remodeled or recycled. Two basic features will allow for that: a standard grid and removable fasteners.

'''Standard Grid''' - This is to use multiples of a basic unit as the size of parts and the spacing of fasteners. Basic framing lumber has a thickness of 1.5 inches, which is nominally called 2 inch, but that is before drying and sanding. Then cut lengths should be multiples of 1.5 inches, and fastener spacing is also multiples of that unit size. That way pieces will automatically line up.

'''Removable Fasteners''' - Nails are fast to install, but hard to remove. If you don't think you will ever need to change or recycle what you are building, they might be suitable. For semi-permanent items, use screws on a standard grid spacing, and for items that will be changed often, use bolts. Not all holes for screws and bolts need to be drilled in advance, they can be added as needed, as long as the spacing is maintained.

'''Additional Features'''

* Where materials are not an exact multiple, such as studs which are actually 1.5x3.5 inches in size, choose one edge and measure the grid from that edge. Choose a convention such as "the starting edge faces the outside of the building", so items will line up properly. If you are making your own materials, you can make them exact multiples from the start.

* For wood, center screw and bolt holes in each grid square. Thus for a 1.5 inch grid, they would be 0.75 inches from the edge and end. Where extra strength or rigidity is needed, metal connectors and diagonal bracing can be used. For structures where human safety matters, either building codes or engineered designs should be used. As a first approximation, though, the fasteners should not fail before the structural elements. Since ordinary lumber has a design strength of 1000 psi, and common steel is 18 ksi, the area of fastener should be 1/18th of the area of wood for maximum strength. It can be less where only moderate strength is needed.

* For roof slopes, stairs, and other angled items, choose slopes that result in even multiples of the grid unit.

=== Example: Modular Framing Panel ===

[[File:4x8_Panel.jpg|512px|thumb|Right|Example 122 x 244cm (4x8 ft) Panel]]

The 122 x 244 cm (4 x 8 ft) framing panel is an example of the modular concept. A standard plywood sheet and dimensional lumber boards are framed flush at the edges. Longer individual boards or beams are added at the top and bottom of the panels to stabilize walls. Since the panel may be installed and removed multiple times, screws and optionally glue are used to assemble the panel rather than nails in conventional house framing. For this example, two countersunk lag screws would be used at each board to board joint. Countersinking the heads of the lag screws keeps the edges of the module flush. The plywood to board fastening optionally uses construction adhesive (glue), and screws also set flush.

Panel to panel connections are bolted. Make a T shaped template the same height as the panel, with alignment holes at regular intervals on the vertical part of the T. Mark or drill through the template into the panel boards. This ensures that panels have holes in the same location and bolts will line up.

If you are cutting your own lumber with a sawmill, you can substitute individual boards at a 45 degree angle for the plywood sheet. Placing the boards diagonally triangulates the frame and makes it rigid.

Items such as doors and windows can be pre-installed into a module, and panels can be pre-drilled for utilities. Module sizes can vary according to the expected assembly crew. For exterior use, items such as tar paper and furring strips can be pre-installed on the panel, and then vinyl or metal siding screwed on after the panels are assembled. Interior finish and insulation can be similarly panelized and installed after structural assembly.

[[Category:Housing and construction]]

Modular Construction

2012-02-01T19:32:16Z

DanielRavenNest:

==Examples==

* [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Eric_Hunting_Resource_Guide#Matrix.2FBox_Beam.2FGrid_Beam stuff already added to the wiki]
* [http://www.contraptor.org/ Contraptor] is a system for building mechatronics, primarily CNC machines.
* [http://gridbeamers.com/ Grid Beams] is a system for building furniture and machines. See [http://synergyii.com/Quikstix/index.html synergyii] and [http://gridbeam.biz/ gridbeam.biz] and [http://www.gridbeamnation.com/ grid beam nation] and [http://www.kk.org/cooltools/archives/003822.php the book]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80/20_(framing_system) T-slot extrusion] is a widely-duplicated system for building furniture and machines. See [http://www.minitecframing.com/ minitec framing] and [http://www.fastenal.com/web/search/products/raw-materials/extruded-t-slot-accessories/_/N-gj4ydi&Nty=0;jsessionid=vfz6PNmRbrFJJtvhk6YBpTJG1SXbRwgQVJdvyxyDMfGhFkpyB8p2!-34140176!-640547879 fastenal] and [http://www.tslotparts.com/ tslot parts] and [http://www.faztek.net/articles/tslot.html faztek] and [http://barrington-atn.com/tslot/default.htm frame world] and [http://www.mbsitem.co.uk/ machine building systems ltd] and [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ RCS Products] and many more.
* [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/701662757/makerbeam-an-open-source-building-kit/posts MakerBeam] is a system of mini-T-slot extrusions. See [http://www.sparkfun.com/products/10540 sparkfun]

==Architecture==

* [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ Allied Modular Building System]

The following modular construction concept is based on standard practice from the following references. New or alternative concepts can be compared to this reference design, and if found better, then become the new reference design.

* American Institute of Timber Construction, "Timber Construction Manual", 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

===Concept Description===

* The system consists of bolted timber framing on a standard spacing, and bolted filler panels of standard sizes. Using bolts allows additions and modifications relatively easily.

* Timbers and other lumber are cut locally from on-site trees, then dried using an on-site solar kiln. Un-used parts of the tree are left in the forest, or returned after cutting. Some additional nutrients are added to the forest for sustainability.

* Wood is left untreated to avoid substances like creosote or metallic salts. This requires an above ground foundation to protect the wood from moisture and termites. To keep the system modular, concrete column footers can be used under each wood post. If a building is modified, the footers can be extracted and re-used elsewhere as needed.

* Truss braces are used as needed for stability, and cut steel plates and welded angles are used where needed for joint strength. Where loads are not as high, frames and filler panels are bolted directly to each other.

* Roofing, exterior covering, windows, doors, insulation, and utilities can be pre-installed into filler panels. In this case they need to be in standard locations so they line up. Edge overlap will be needed to prevent leakage. Alternately these can be added later, in which case they should be installed with bolts or screws so they can be removed.

===Modular Design Features===

Conventional building materials are already somewhat modular. USA lumber and plywood come in sizes that are multiples of 2 feet, for example. But if needs change, conventional construction is not easily remodeled or recycled. Two basic features will allow for that: a standard grid and removable fasteners.

'''Standard Grid''' - This is to use multiples of a basic unit as the size of parts and the spacing of fasteners. Basic framing lumber has a thickness of 1.5 inches, which is nominally called 2 inch, but that is before drying and sanding. Then cut lengths should be multiples of 1.5 inches, and fastener spacing is also multiples of that unit size. That way pieces will automatically line up.

'''Removable Fasteners''' - Nails are fast to install, but hard to remove. If you don't think you will ever need to change or recycle what you are building, they might be suitable. For semi-permanent items, use screws on a standard grid spacing, and for items that will be changed often, use bolts. Not all holes for screws and bolts need to be drilled in advance, they can be added as needed, as long as the spacing is maintained.

'''Additional Features'''

* Where materials are not an exact multiple, such as studs which are actually 1.5x3.5 inches in size, choose one edge and measure the grid from that edge. Choose a convention such as "the starting edge faces the outside of the building", so items will line up properly. If you are making your own materials, you can make them exact multiples from the start.

* For wood, center screw and bolt holes in each grid square. Thus for a 1.5 inch grid, they would be 0.75 inches from the edge and end. Where extra strength or rigidity is needed, metal connectors and diagonal bracing can be used. For structures where human safety matters, either building codes or engineered designs should be used. As a first approximation, though, the fasteners should not fail before the structural elements. Since ordinary lumber has a design strength of 1000 psi, and common steel is 18 ksi, the area of fastener should be 1/18th of the area of wood for maximum strength. It can be less where only moderate strength is needed.

* For roof slopes, stairs, and other angled items, choose slopes that result in even multiples of the grid unit.

=== Example: Modular Framing Panel ===

[[File:4x8_Panel.jpg|512px|thumb|Right|Example 122 x 244cm (4x8 ft) Panel]]

The 122 x 244 cm (4 x 8 ft) framing panel is an example of the modular concept. A standard plywood sheet and dimensional lumber boards are framed flush at the edges. Since the panel may be installed and removed multiple times, screws and optionally glue are used to assemble the panel rather than nails in conventional house framing. For this example, two countersunk lag screws would be used at each board to board joint. Countersinking the heads of the lag screws keeps the edges of the module flush. The plywood to board fastening optionally uses construction adhesive (glue), and screws also set flush.

Panel to panel connections are bolted. Make a T shaped template the same height as the panel, with alignment holes at regular intervals on the vertical part of the T. Mark or drill through the template into the panel boards. This ensures that panels have holes in the same location and bolts will line up.

If you are cutting your own lumber with a sawmill, you can substitute individual boards at a 45 degree angle for the plywood sheet. Placing the boards diagonally triangulates the frame and makes it rigid.

Items such as doors and windows can be pre-installed into a module, and panels can be pre-drilled for utilities. Module sizes can vary according to the expected assembly crew. For exterior use, items such as tar paper and furring strips can be pre-installed on the panel, and then vinyl or metal siding screwed on after the panels are assembled. Interior finish and insulation can be similarly panelized and installed after structural assembly.

[[Category:Housing and construction]]

Modular Construction

2012-02-01T19:30:33Z

DanielRavenNest:

==Examples==

* [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Eric_Hunting_Resource_Guide#Matrix.2FBox_Beam.2FGrid_Beam stuff already added to the wiki]
* [http://www.contraptor.org/ Contraptor] is a system for building mechatronics, primarily CNC machines.
* [http://gridbeamers.com/ Grid Beams] is a system for building furniture and machines. See [http://synergyii.com/Quikstix/index.html synergyii] and [http://gridbeam.biz/ gridbeam.biz] and [http://www.gridbeamnation.com/ grid beam nation] and [http://www.kk.org/cooltools/archives/003822.php the book]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80/20_(framing_system) T-slot extrusion] is a widely-duplicated system for building furniture and machines. See [http://www.minitecframing.com/ minitec framing] and [http://www.fastenal.com/web/search/products/raw-materials/extruded-t-slot-accessories/_/N-gj4ydi&Nty=0;jsessionid=vfz6PNmRbrFJJtvhk6YBpTJG1SXbRwgQVJdvyxyDMfGhFkpyB8p2!-34140176!-640547879 fastenal] and [http://www.tslotparts.com/ tslot parts] and [http://www.faztek.net/articles/tslot.html faztek] and [http://barrington-atn.com/tslot/default.htm frame world] and [http://www.mbsitem.co.uk/ machine building systems ltd] and [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ RCS Products] and many more.
* [http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/701662757/makerbeam-an-open-source-building-kit/posts MakerBeam] is a system of mini-T-slot extrusions. See [http://www.sparkfun.com/products/10540 sparkfun]

==Architecture==

* [http://www.alliedmodular.com/products/ Allied Modular Building System]

The following modular construction concept is based on standard practice from the following references. New or alternative concepts can be compared to this reference design, and if found better, then become the new reference design.

* American Institute of Timber Construction, "Timber Construction Manual", 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

===Concept Description===

* The system consists of bolted timber framing on a standard spacing, and bolted filler panels of standard sizes. Using bolts allows additions and modifications relatively easily.

* Timbers and other lumber are cut locally from on-site trees, then dried using an on-site solar kiln. Un-used parts of the tree are left in the forest, or returned after cutting. Some additional nutrients are added to the forest for sustainability.

* Wood is left untreated to avoid substances like creosote or metallic salts. This requires an above ground foundation to protect the wood from moisture and termites. To keep the system modular, concrete column footers can be used under each wood post. If a building is modified, the footers can be extracted and re-used elsewhere as needed.

* Truss braces are used as needed for stability, and cut steel plates and welded angles are used where needed for joint strength. Where loads are not as high, frames and filler panels are bolted directly to each other.

* Roofing, exterior covering, windows, doors, insulation, and utilities can be pre-installed into filler panels. In this case they need to be in standard locations so they line up. Edge overlap will be needed to prevent leakage. Alternately these can be added later, in which case they should be installed with bolts or screws so they can be removed.

===Modular Design Features===

Conventional building materials are already somewhat modular. USA lumber and plywood come in sizes that are multiples of 2 feet, for example. But if needs change, conventional construction is not easily remodeled or recycled. Two basic features will allow for that: a standard grid and removable fasteners.

'''Standard Grid''' - This is to use multiples of a basic unit as the size of parts and the spacing of fasteners. Basic framing lumber has a thickness of 1.5 inches, which is nominally called 2 inch, but that is before drying and sanding. Then cut lengths should be multiples of 1.5 inches, and fastener spacing is also multiples of that unit size. That way pieces will automatically line up.

'''Removable Fasteners''' - Nails are fast to install, but hard to remove. If you don't think you will ever need to change or recycle what you are building, they might be suitable. For semi-permanent items, use screws on a standard grid spacing, and for items that will be changed often, use bolts. Not all holes for screws and bolts need to be drilled in advance, they can be added as needed, as long as the spacing is maintained.

'''Additional Features'''

* Where materials are not an exact multiple, such as studs which are actually 1.5x3.5 inches in size, choose one edge and measure the grid from that edge. Choose a convention such as "the starting edge faces the outside of the building", so items will line up properly. If you are making your own materials, you can make them exact multiples from the start.

* For wood, center screw and bolt holes in each grid square. Thus for a 1.5 inch grid, they would be 0.75 inches from the edge and end. Where extra strength or rigidity is needed, metal connectors and diagonal bracing can be used. For structures where human safety matters, either building codes or engineered designs should be used. As a first approximation, though, the fasteners should not fail before the structural elements. Since ordinary lumber has a design strength of 1000 psi, and common steel is 18 ksi, the area of fastener should be 1/18th of the area of wood for maximum strength. It can be less where only moderate strength is needed.

* For roof slopes, stairs, and other angled items, choose slopes that result in even multiples of the grid unit.

=== Example: Modular Framing Panel ===

The 122 x 244 cm (4 x 8 ft) framing panel is an example of the modular concept. A standard plywood sheet and dimensional lumber boards are framed flush at the edges. Since the panel may be installed and removed multiple times, screws and optionally glue are used to assemble the panel rather than nails in conventional house framing. For this example, two countersunk lag screws would be used at each board to board joint. Countersinking the heads of the lag screws keeps the edges of the module flush. The plywood to board fastening optionally uses construction adhesive (glue), and screws also set flush.

Panel to panel connections are bolted. Make a T shaped template the same height as the panel, with alignment holes at regular intervals on the vertical part of the T. Mark or drill through the template into the panel boards. This ensures that panels have holes in the same location and bolts will line up.

If you are cutting your own lumber with a sawmill, you can substitute individual boards at a 45 degree angle for the plywood sheet. Placing the boards diagonally triangulates the frame and makes it rigid.

Items such as doors and windows can be pre-installed into a module, and panels can be pre-drilled for utilities. Module sizes can vary according to the expected assembly crew. For exterior use, items such as tar paper and furring strips can be pre-installed on the panel, and then vinyl or metal siding screwed on after the panels are assembled. Interior finish and insulation can be similarly panelized and installed after structural assembly.

[[File:4x8_Panel.jpg|512px|thumb|Right|Example 122 x 244cm (4x8 ft) Panel]]

[[Category:Housing and construction]]

File:4x8 Panel.jpg

2012-02-01T18:35:01Z

DanielRavenNest: Example of modular construction panel 122x244 cm (4x8 ft)

Example of modular construction panel 122x244 cm (4x8 ft)

Bootstrap Drill Press

2012-01-20T05:49:43Z

DanielRavenNest:

== Introduction==

Humans are wobbly structures without a built-in ability to hold tools at fixed angles and position. Any machine tool will increase the accuracy of the work produced by holding the tool bit and workpiece positions more accurately. A drill press makes accurate holes by guiding a rotating drill bit in a straight, usually vertical, line down towards a table. A frame holds the position of the drill guide and table so they do not move while drilling. The table provides methods of clamping the workpiece in place while being drilled. Various jigs allow holding round or other odd shapes, and positioning the workpiece a known distance from it's end to the drill bit. Besides making holes, other bits such as a sanding drum let you do other tasks.

This bootstrap drill press converts a hand held electric drill into a press by adding the guide, frame, and table. It is an intermediate tool between hand held power tools, and commercial drill presses or the OSE industrial grade press. The bootstrapping concept is to use the tools you have to make better tools. This press will be less expensive than buying a press of similar capacity, and also gives some practice with a relatively simple project before trying a more challenging one.

=== Design ===

The design is based on the [http://www.instructables.com/id/Drill-press/ Instructables Drill Press]. Alternate/modified versions can be made based on available tools and materials, and some suggestions will be given below. The key parts are:

* A rigid frame which maintains the drill bit vertical under operating load. In this instance the cast iron pipe serves as the frame.

* A guide rail which controls vertical movement of the drill in a straight line. An aluminum angle sandwich is used as the guide in this design.

Overall dimensions can be modified to fit what hand held drill you have available and what drilling tasks you expect to do. The prototype was made as a portable unit for bench top use, but it can be made into a stationary version by installing it into a table. I used wood for most of the remaining parts besides the frame and guide rail simply because I had some available already.

=== Assembly Time ===

This project will take about 10-15 hours to complete, including shopping for supplies. It will tend to take longer if you do not have a permanent place to work and have to put things away periodically.

=== Cost ===

The prototype cost me $45 (SouthEast USA) for pipe, angle, and screws and bolts. I already had the electric drill (~ $70) and scrap plywood and lumber (~ $10), which would be extra if you don't. An equivalent commercial drill press of the same capacity is in the $170-200 range, so the main savings is if you already have a hand drill and want the flexibility to keep using it separately.

== Tools Needed ==

* '''Some kind of workbench''' - Working on the floor is uncomfortable. A raised work surface is more comfortable and allows clearance for clamps. Two sawhorses straddled by a few 36 or 48 mm thick boards (2 inch nominal US) is sufficient for this project.

* '''Electric circular saw''' - With the addition of clamps and a straight edged object this can cut relatively straight lines, which are all that are required for this project. This could be done with a hand saw or jig saw, but it will be slower and less accurate.

* '''Electric hand drill''' - This will be used both to build the drill press, and serve as the motor to run the press once built. It is designed be removable so you can still use the hand drill on it's own. Since the power of the motor will limit the capacity of the drill for making large or deep holes, a more powerful motor is better if you have a choice. The drill should have a speed lock button so you do not have to keep holding the trigger to keep it running. Secondarily, the maximum opening of the chuck in the drill will limit the size bits you can use. If it does not come with it, also get a set of twist drill bits (the most common type) in various sizes up to 6 mm (1/4 inch). If you expect to drill a lot of metal, get bits which are harder than "high speed steel", which is the least expensive and most common type, otherwise they will wear out fairly quickly.

* '''Measuring square''' - Needed to mark lines at right angles for cutting and measuring, and for checking the drill is perpendicular to the table. There are several types available (combination, framing, rafter). Any of them will do for this project. Always test your tools. You can test the squareness of your square by placing it against a known straight edge, marking a right angle line with a pencil or pen, then flipping the square over along the straight edge and seeing if the line you drew and the edge of the square are parallel.

* '''Ruler or Tape Measure''' - Needed to measure dimensions. A large measuring square, such as used for house framing may suffice for this project, but a tape measure is also highly useful.

* '''Bar Clamps''' - To hold things while drilling, cutting, or gluing. At least two, 60 cm (24 inch) long is a good size. Other types of clamps will also work if they are large enough.

== Supplies Needed ==

* '''19mm (3/4 inch) Plywood''' - You will need one or more pieces large enough to cut the following. Preferably use solid core plywood with relatively smooth surfaces.

** Table - 1 piece at least 40x60 cm (15x24) inches. If you keep the table small, the press can be portable or put away. If you make it larger, it can handle larger items without extension tables.
** Guide Plate - 1 piece about 25x25 cm (10x10 inches) - this will be adjusted to fit the guide rails, so cut it a bit oversize and trim to fit after.
** Drill Mount - 1 piece about 23x30 cm (9x12 inches) - size will need to be large enough to hold the drill firmly without too much overhang.
** Misc small pieces - for mounting drill, clamping, etc.

* '''36-48x133 mm (2x6 inch nominal) Lumber''' - 1 piece the length+width of your table + 15 cm (6 inches). This will be cut into one ~15 cm square block to anchor the pipe, then the remainder ripped in half lengthwise to make pairs, and cut to pieces which will frame under the table, but 2.5 cm (1 inch) smaller. This will give the table an overhang to clamp items you are drilling. The framing will keep the table from bending and also raise it so clamps can be used, and when the drill bits penetrate the workpiece there is someplace for the cuttings to go, and they do not damage whatever the drill press is sitting on.

* '''3.75 cm (1.5 inch) Threaded Cast Iron Pipe''' - The diameter is the inside measurement. This is used to build a right-angled frame to hold the guide plate and drill mount perpendicular to each other without bending. You can substitute other materials for this task, but the key requirement is that it can be attached firmly to the plywood at either end, and hold the 90 degree angle, without any wobble. The entire point of a drill press is to hold the drill bit perpendicular to the table, so any wobble defeats that purpose. This size is not commonly available at consumer hardware stores, so you may need to go to a plumbing supply specialty store. The pipe diameter should be considered a minimum.

** 30 cm (12 inch) Nipple - 1 piece. A nipple is a straight length of pipe threaded on the outside at both ends. This will determine the maximum height the drill can reach above the table.
** 20 cm (8 inch) Nipple - 1 piece. This will determine the overhang from drill bit to vertical pipe, and thus the maximum distance a hole can be from the nearest edge of the workpiece.
** 90 degree Elbow - 1 piece. This will be threaded on the inside at both ends, and be used to connect the two nipples.
** Flange - 2 pieces. This is a wide end piece with holes for screws or bolts. It will be threaded on the inside, and go on the far ends of the nipples, to connect to the table and guide plate.

* '''1.5 x 12 x 19 mm (1/16 x 1/2 x 3/4 inch Aluminum Angle''' - At least 120 cm (4 ft) length. This is used to make the guide rails which the drill mount slides up and down along.

* '''Screws, Bolts, and Glue''' - for putting everything together. I mostly used what I already had, but the actual parts count is as follows:

** 64 mm (2 1/2 inch) Flat Head Phillips Exterior Screws - 12 pieces - Used to fasten the table to supporting frame under it.
** 6x75 mm (1/4-20x3) Flat Head Machine Bolts with Nuts - 4 pieces - Used to fasten pipe flange to table and anchor block underneath.
** 6x38 mm (1/4-20x1-1/2) Flat Head Machine Bolts with Nuts - 4 pieces - Used to fasten guide plate to other pipe flange.
** 6 mm (1/4 inch) Inside Diameter Flat Washers - 8 pieces - To distribute the pressure from the above nuts to the wood so the wood fibers do not get crushed.

* '''Optional Items''' - You can reinforce the table surface with a metal plate, as long as it is perfectly flat. You can also coat all the exposed wood with polyurethane (after staining if you want). This will reduce accidental damage, and make it easier to clean up if you use cutting oils when drilling metal.

[[Category: Bootstrapping]]

Bootstrap Drill Press

2012-01-20T04:48:58Z

DanielRavenNest:

== Introduction==

Humans are wobbly structures without a built-in ability to hold tools at fixed angles and position. Any machine tool will increase the accuracy of the work produced by holding the tool bit and workpiece positions more accurately. A drill press makes accurate holes by guiding a rotating drill bit in a straight, usually vertical, line down towards a table. A frame holds the position of the drill guide and table so they do not move while drilling. The table provides methods of clamping the workpiece in place while being drilled. Various jigs allow holding round or other odd shapes, and positioning the workpiece a known distance from it's end to the drill bit. Besides making holes, other bits such as a sanding drum let you do other tasks.

This bootstrap drill press converts a hand held electric drill into a press by adding the guide, frame, and table. It is an intermediate tool between hand held power tools, and commercial drill presses or the OSE industrial grade press. The bootstrapping concept is to use the tools you have to make better tools. This press will be less expensive than buying a press of similar capacity, and also gives some practice with a relatively simple project before trying a more challenging one.

=== Design ===

The design is based on the [http://www.instructables.com/id/Drill-press/ Instructables Drill Press]. Alternate/modified versions can be made based on available tools and materials, and some suggestions will be given below. The key parts are:

* A rigid frame which maintains the drill bit vertical under operating load. In this instance the cast iron pipe serves as the frame.

* A guide rail which controls vertical movement of the drill in a straight line. An aluminum angle sandwich is used as the guide in this design.

Overall dimensions can be modified to fit what hand held drill you have available and what drilling tasks you expect to do. The prototype was made as a portable unit for bench top use, but it can be made into a stationary version by installing it into a table. I used wood for most of the remaining parts besides the frame and guide rail simply because I had some available already.

=== Assembly Time ===

This project will take about 10-15 hours to complete, including shopping for supplies. It will tend to take longer if you do not have a permanent place to work and have to put things away periodically.

== Tools Needed ==

* '''Some kind of workbench''' - Working on the floor is uncomfortable. A raised work surface is more comfortable and allows clearance for clamps. Two sawhorses straddled by a few 36 or 48 mm boards (2 inch nominal US) is sufficient for this project.

* '''Electric circular saw''' - With the addition of clamps and a straight edged object this can cut relatively straight lines, which are all that are required for this project.

* '''Electric hand drill''' - This will be used both to build the drill press, and serve as the motor to run the press once built. It is designed be removable so you can still use the hand drill on it's own. Since the power of the motor will limit the capacity of the drill for making large or deep holes, a more powerful motor is better if you have a choice. The drill should have a speed lock button so you do not have to keep holding the trigger to keep it running. Secondarily, the maximum opening of the chuck in the drill will limit the size bits you can use. If it does not come with it, also get a set of twist drill bits (the most common type) in various sizes up to 6 mm (1/4 inch). If you expect to drill a lot of metal, get bits which are harder than "high speed steel", which is the least expensive and most common type, otherwise they will wear out fairly quickly.

* '''Measuring square''' - Needed to mark lines at right angles for cutting and measuring, and for checking the drill is perpendicular to the table.

* '''Ruler or Tape Measure''' - Needed to measure dimensions. A large measuring square, such as used for house framing may suffice for this project, but a tape measure is highly useful.

* '''Bar Clamps''' - To hold things while drilling, cutting, or gluing. At least two, 60 cm (24 inch) long is a good size.

== Supplies Needed ==

* '''19mm (3/4 inch) Plywood''' - You will need one or more pieces large enough to cut the following:

** Table - 1 piece at least 40x60 cm (15x24) inches. If you keep the table small, the press can be portable or put away. If you make it larger, it can handle larger items without extension tables.
** Guide Plate - 1 piece about 25x25 cm (10x10 inches) - this will be adjusted to fit the guide rails, so cut it a bit oversize and trim to fit after.
** Drill Mount - 1 piece about 23x30 cm (9x12 inches)
** Misc small pieces -

* '''36-48x133 mm (2x6 inch nominal) Lumber''' - 1 piece the length+width of your table + 15 cm (6 inches). This will be cut into a 15 cm block, then ripped in half lengthwise to make pairs, and cut to pieces which will frame under the table, but 2.5 cm (1 inch) smaller. This will give the table an overhang to clamp items you are drilling. The framing will keep the table from bending and also raise it so clamps can be used, and when the drill bits penetrate the workpiece there is someplace for the cuttings to go, and they do not damage whatever the drill press is sitting on.

* '''3.75 cm (1.5 inch) Threaded Cast Iron Pipe''' - The diameter is the inside measurement. This is used to build a right-angled frame to hold the guide plate and drill mount perpendicular to each other without bending. You can substitute other materials for this task, but the key requirement is that it can be attached firmly to the plywood at either end, and hold the 90 degree angle, without any wobble. The entire point of a drill press is to hold the drill bit perpendicular to the table, so any wobble defeats that purpose. This size is not commonly available at consumer hardware stores, so you may need to go to a plumbing supply specialty store. The pip diameter should be considered a minimum

** 30 cm (12 inch) Nipple - 1 piece. A nipple is a straight length of pipe threaded on the outside at both ends. This will determine the maximum height the drill can reach above the table.
** 20 cm (8 inch) Nipple - 1 piece. This will determine the overhang from drill bit to vertical pipe, and thus the maximum distance a hole can be from the nearest edge of the workpiece.
** 90 degree Elbow - 1 piece. This will be threaded on the inside at both ends, and be used to connect the two nipples.
** Flange - 2 pieces. This is a wide end piece with holes for screws or bolts. It will be threaded on the inside, and go on the far ends of the nipples, to connect to the table and guide plate.

* '''1.5 x 12 x 19 mm (1/16 x 1/2 x 3/4 inch Aluminum Angle''' - At least 120 cm (4 ft) length. This is used to make the guide rails which the drill mount slides up and down along.

* '''Optional Items''' - You can reinforce the table surface with a metal plate, as long as it is perfectly flat. You can also coat all the exposed wood with polyurethane (after staining if you want). This will reduce accidental damage, and make it easier to clean up if you use cutting oils when drilling metal.

[[Category: Bootstrapping]]

Rice

2012-01-13T04:15:45Z

DanielRavenNest:

Very high yield rice from China is able to feed 27 people/hectare: [http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/01/chinas-new-super-rice-increases-yield.html Article at Next Big Future]

[[Category: Growing plants]]

Rice

2012-01-13T04:15:03Z

DanielRavenNest: Created page with "Very high yield rice from China is able to feed 27 people/hectare: [http://nextbigfuture.com/2012/01/chinas-new-super-rice-increases-yield.html Article at Next Big Future] [[Cat..."

Ethical Planetarian "Party"

2012-01-12T01:57:23Z

DanielRavenNest: Specific political parties are not appropriate subject for open source ecology. Please delete or rewrite from a non-partisan point of view.

{{delete}}

The Ethical Planetarian Party is not a political party. It is a planetary platform for uniting Humanity towards the goals of sustainability, freedom from toil, freedom for everyOne to follow Their bliss.

What is the Ethical Planetarian Party? What are its goals and platform? The following, offered and written by Amaterasu, is the platform:

First, We stand for upholding the three Laws:

1. Do not willfully harm or kill another Being

2. Do not willfully take or damage another Being’s property

3. Do not willfully defraud another Being

In other words, We choose to maintain civil interaction, face to face. The biological parent has precedence in the case of Our children, unless there is evidence that these same Laws are not kept with Them as well. They are Beings, too. Beings are any who ask for rights, or have Others of the same species ask in proxy if They are unable to ask, Themselves. This is not license to mal-treat beings of “lower” Consciousness, for all Consciousness should be respected. The goal is for as much of Consciousness to spend as much of the time as possible comfortable.

A quick, clean and honorable death for the flesh a Being eats, having been given comfort throughout the life for any domestic food.

Second, We are predicated on the idea that Humans should be free to take advantage of the abundance of the planet by eliminating money through free energy, calling for the declassification of electrogravitics and other technology that offers free energy.

Third, We strive to allow religious choice, believing that there are as many Callings as there are Beings, and as long as the Laws are kept, how One approaches that which One is, is to be respected.

Fourth, We expect the use of technology under these Laws, with peaceful intent, including free energy – the key to eliminating money. We know much is presently hidden in fear that we might exact retribution or follow folly, but We are of the opinion, based on evidence, that when Humans have no money, generosity and loving behavior are expended to help Those in need. With technology We both have personal awareness of and much science and anecdote grasped, We know We can eliminate money as a necessity and provide abundance for everyone.

We are out to eliminate poverty.

Fifth, We will bring forth a website where problems can be brought up locally and People can “vote” to bump a problem up, down, show apathy by not voting, and chime in with solutions (which can be cheered and booed). Issues will drop off after the original poster indicates that the problem has been resolved or withdrawn, or there has been no activity after, say, six months (that is not set in stone).

Also, issues with some set number of bumps up will be considered issues that need a wider awareness and go to regional sections. From there, continental, perhaps, and then global, as more are needed to be involved in solving the problem. Problems will beget the awareness to solve them.

Without money as a motive, problems will be solved more creatively, directly, harmoniously, and within the three Laws.

Sixth, We are staunch in our support of an organic planet. Though hybridization is an awesome tool, genetically modifying organisms is NOT. Without money, there is no motivation to create GMO. We know that organics can produce on par or better yield than GMO, chemically treated fields, and better nutrition than their petrochemically “fertilized” brethren. Any non-organic approaches to problems will be highly discouraged, unless it is seen that such a solution is the best.

Beyond this, sustainability is our goal.

Seventh, We see that, without money, We can build machines – robots – to do all necessary work. Without work as an “ethic,” We substitute a “Betterment Ethic,” and encourage all to look for ways – within the three Laws and with organic solutions prized – to improve conditions on this planet for everyOne, and offer these ideas for consideration and possible action.

Eighth, We understand that virtually all crime is, on one level or another, related to money, and without money as motive, virtually all crime will vanish – leaving the very few, passion-related crimes for Us to deal with. We will deal with all crime publicly, and those who care can and will decide each case. Most such antisocial choice of behavior will lead to social pariah-hood for the perpetrators.

Ninth, We support open source in all things We program for public use. This allows for many to make suggestions for betterment, and ensures that no One will create outside the three Laws. It also eliminates “back doors,” and other surreptitious software segments that bog down the clean functioning of the program. Without money as a motive, programmers will be proud to offer Their work for scrutinization and use, openly and freely. Status will be gained for creating the best programs.

Tenth, We understand that food waste is rampant with food distributed by profit, abundant as it is but poorly and/or untimely delivered. Without money, food distribution will be based on need and not profit, ensuring that waste is minimal, food is fresh for all (no one waiting for the wilted cast-offs), and readily available.

Though these approaches are revolutionary, We understand that if enough people are on board, a fresh, free, fun, and fulfilling life will be Ours – and everyone else’s – as We choose. No One needs to change anything except where there is a problem – and then Those who care are free to solve it within the three Laws.

Without money, bureaucracy will become unnecessary, vastly reducing paper use, and streamlining solutions. Jobs in banking, insurance, and other such money-related industries will disappear, and in their place, the opportunity to spend time as One wishes.

Transportation will be free – for Ourselves, Our food and product systems, and any other transportation needs. This offers the ability to go where One wishes, moving food to where it is needed, and other freedom We presently do not have, with transportation energy costing so much.

Our electronic devices will be free and run on free energy, allowing free communication, and all other products too, will be free. We will be able to order anything on the Interweb and have it delivered by robot.

We are a planetary party and decry any solutions that maintain a “divide and conquer” attitude or outcome, including stateism, nationalism, partyism, teamism, etc. We are one species on one planet, and We seek to benefit the planet ethically and wholly.

Human Energy

2012-01-12T01:53:50Z

DanielRavenNest: Pseudo-scientific babble. I have a degree in physics, and this is nonsense, please delete page.

{{delete}}

Human energy was originally the only energy We had in society. We fished, farmed, hunted, gathered, built, mined ore, and so on. To "account" for this energy, We developed economy ("money") - barter, trade, work exchange, coinage, bills, electronic funds... Because energy was scarce, the energy We expended needed to be accounted for.

The initial stuff We used/acquired was free: The fish in the seas, lakes and rivers; the sun, soil, seeds, rain; the critters; the fruits, nuts, and other edibles; the rocks, trees, reeds, and other building materials; the ores.

With the advent of robotics, it is possible to replace Human energy in necessary work environments, and with free energy, such as that available through electrogravitics, money becomes moot. If We add robots and free energy, accounting for energy and requiring Humans to labor becomes unnecessary.

Humans would then be freed to pursue Their bliss - be it building or programming robots, creating art, researching better ways to do things or finding new solution, helping and doctoring Others, and so on.

Electrogravitics

2012-01-12T01:52:35Z

DanielRavenNest:

{{delete}}

Electrogravitics is a science based on the work of T. Townsend Brown, Nikola Tesla, and others, which offers antigravity and free energy.

In the 1950's, work was being done in electrogravitics at all the major aerospace laboratories. It was an exciting time and the work inspired such popular programs like The Jetsons.

T. Townsend Brown had discovered that when the anodes of an electrical device were asymmetrical, with the negative much smaller than the positive, a gravity field was induced, impelling the device to "fall" towards the positive end. Through many experiments, many in vacuum, it was determined that this effect was an order of magnitude greater than could be accounted for by ion wind.

The basic concepts have to do with an intimate link between electromagnetism and gravity, which cannot be explained in terms of Einsteinian physics, which require that one take on faith that matter "bends" space-time (nowhere in Relativity is it explained how and why this occurs). Dr. Paul A. LaViolette, having taken the math describing chemical kinetics and applying it to the quantum, found that such behavior was predicted and was concerned until He encountered the work of T. Townsend Brown, which Dr. LaViolette's math, called subquantum kinetics, predicted.

Subquantum kinetics presumes no curvature of space-time, and does involve an aether.

The work done in the aerospace industry in electrogravitics, with rigs that showed antigravity capabilities as well as energy extraction from the (now called) "dark" energy of the universe, was pulled into black ops (became highly classified) in late 1959/early 1960, and since then has been suppressed through ignoring Brown's work, and "discussing" the matter with those independent inventors who stumbled upon it. Though the possible "weaponization" of this technology was cited as the reason, it is because of the free energy applications that those in high places chose to hide the technology, realizing the very intimate link between money and energy.

The reason the free energy is such a threat to them is because money is merely an accounting of meaningful energy expended in an energy-scarce society - the condition Humans have lived in for all Our recorded history. Add abundant free energy and once the cost of energy is removed all down the line, what is left is free.

(One can grasp this most easily by considering the first hunter, gatherer, farmer, miner. The stuff They gained/used was free: critters, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seed, sun, soil, rain, ores. It was the meaningful energy expended that gave "value" to the stuff: the killing, picking, tilling, weeding, harvesting, mining, transporting.)

It is surmised that Tesla's work confiscated by the FBI upon His death included work that runs parallel to Brown's.

Today, through what is available of T. Townsend Brown's work, interested Individuals can examine the work of T. Townsend Brown. Also, a book written by Dr. Paul A. LaViolette, entitled Secrets of Antigravity Propulsion, is a good source for information regarding many aspects of electrogravitics, review of Brown's work, and details about subquantum kinetics.

Electrogravitics

2012-01-12T01:51:25Z

DanielRavenNest: Pseudo-scientific babble. I have a degree in physics, and this is nonsense, please delete page.

((delete}}

Electrogravitics is a science based on the work of T. Townsend Brown, Nikola Tesla, and others, which offers antigravity and free energy.

In the 1950's, work was being done in electrogravitics at all the major aerospace laboratories. It was an exciting time and the work inspired such popular programs like The Jetsons.

T. Townsend Brown had discovered that when the anodes of an electrical device were asymmetrical, with the negative much smaller than the positive, a gravity field was induced, impelling the device to "fall" towards the positive end. Through many experiments, many in vacuum, it was determined that this effect was an order of magnitude greater than could be accounted for by ion wind.

The basic concepts have to do with an intimate link between electromagnetism and gravity, which cannot be explained in terms of Einsteinian physics, which require that one take on faith that matter "bends" space-time (nowhere in Relativity is it explained how and why this occurs). Dr. Paul A. LaViolette, having taken the math describing chemical kinetics and applying it to the quantum, found that such behavior was predicted and was concerned until He encountered the work of T. Townsend Brown, which Dr. LaViolette's math, called subquantum kinetics, predicted.

Subquantum kinetics presumes no curvature of space-time, and does involve an aether.

The work done in the aerospace industry in electrogravitics, with rigs that showed antigravity capabilities as well as energy extraction from the (now called) "dark" energy of the universe, was pulled into black ops (became highly classified) in late 1959/early 1960, and since then has been suppressed through ignoring Brown's work, and "discussing" the matter with those independent inventors who stumbled upon it. Though the possible "weaponization" of this technology was cited as the reason, it is because of the free energy applications that those in high places chose to hide the technology, realizing the very intimate link between money and energy.

The reason the free energy is such a threat to them is because money is merely an accounting of meaningful energy expended in an energy-scarce society - the condition Humans have lived in for all Our recorded history. Add abundant free energy and once the cost of energy is removed all down the line, what is left is free.

(One can grasp this most easily by considering the first hunter, gatherer, farmer, miner. The stuff They gained/used was free: critters, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seed, sun, soil, rain, ores. It was the meaningful energy expended that gave "value" to the stuff: the killing, picking, tilling, weeding, harvesting, mining, transporting.)

It is surmised that Tesla's work confiscated by the FBI upon His death included work that runs parallel to Brown's.

Today, through what is available of T. Townsend Brown's work, interested Individuals can examine the work of T. Townsend Brown. Also, a book written by Dr. Paul A. LaViolette, entitled Secrets of Antigravity Propulsion, is a good source for information regarding many aspects of electrogravitics, review of Brown's work, and details about subquantum kinetics.

Bootstrap Drill Press

2012-01-09T02:28:55Z

DanielRavenNest:

Humans are wobbly structures without a built-in ability to hold tools at fixed angles and position. Any machine tool will increase the accuracy of the work produced by holding the tool bit and workpiece positions more accurately. A drill press makes accurate holes by guiding a rotating drill bit in a straight, usually vertical, line down towards a table. A frame holds the position of the drill guide and table so they do not move while drilling. The table provides methods of clamping the workpiece in place while being drilled. Various jigs allow holding round or other odd shapes, and positioning the workpiece a known distance from it's end to the drill bit. Besides making holes, other bits such as a sanding drum let you do other tasks.

This bootstrap drill press converts a hand held electric drill into a press by adding the guide, frame, and table. It is an intermediate tool between hand held power tools, and commercial drill presses or the OSE industrial grade press. The bootstrapping concept is to use the tools you have to make better tools. This press will be less expensive than buying a press of similar capacity, and also gives some practice with a relatively simple project before trying a more challenging one.

The design is based on the [http://www.instructables.com/id/Drill-press/ Instructables Drill Press] modified somewhat. Dimensions can be modified somewhat to suit your needs. The prototype was made as a portable unit for bench top use, but it can be made into a stationary version by modifying the design.

== Tools Needed ==

* '''Some kind of workbench''' - Working on the floor is uncomfortable. A raised work surface is more comfortable and allows clearance for clamps. Two sawhorses straddled by a few 36 or 48 mm boards (2 inch nominal US) is sufficient for this project.

* '''Electric circular saw''' - With the addition of clamps and a straight edged object this can cut relatively straight lines.

* '''Electric hand drill''' - This will be used both to build the drill press, and serve as the motor to run the press once built. It will be removable so you can still use the hand drill on it's own. Since the power of the motor will limit the capacity of the drill for making large or deep holes, a more powerful motor is better if you have a choice. The drill should have a speed lock button so you do not have to keep holding the trigger to keep it running. Secondarily, the maximum opening of the chuck in the drill will limit the size bits you can use. If it does not come with it, also get a set of twist drill bits (the most common type) in various sizes up to 6 mm (1/4 inch).

* '''Measuring square''' - Needed to mark lines at right angles for cutting and measuring, and for checking the drill is perpendicular to the table.

* '''Ruler or Tape Measure''' - Needed to measure dimensions. A large measuring square, such as used for house framing may suffice for this project, but a tape measure is highly useful.

* '''Bar Clamps''' - To hold things while drilling, cutting, or gluing. At least two, 60 cm (24 inch) long is a good size.

== Supplies Needed ==

* '''19mm (3/4 inch) Plywood''' - You will need one or more pieces large enough to cut the following:

** Table - 1 piece at least 40x60 cm (15x24) inches. If you keep the table small, the press can be portable or put away. If you make it larger, it can handle larger items without extension tables.
** Guide Plate - 1 piece about 25x25 cm (10x10 inches) - this will be adjusted to fit the guide rails, so cut it a bit oversize and trim to fit after.
** Drill Mount - 1 piece about 23x30 cm (9x12 inches)
** Misc small pieces -

* '''36-48x133 mm (2x6 inch nominal) Lumber''' - 1 piece the length+width of your table + 15 cm (6 inches). This will be cut into a 15 cm block, then ripped in half lengthwise to make pairs, and cut to pieces which will frame under the table, but 2.5 cm (1 inch) smaller. This will give the table an overhang to clamp items you are drilling. The framing will keep the table from bending and also raise it so clamps can be used, and when the drill bits penetrate the workpiece there is someplace for the cuttings to go, and they do not damage whatever the drill press is sitting on.

* '''3.75 cm (1.5 inch) Threaded Cast Iron Pipe''' - The diameter is the inside measurement. This is used to build a right-angled frame to hold the guide plate and drill mount perpendicular to each other without bending. You can substitute other materials for this task, but the key requirement is that it can be attached firmly to the plywood at either end, and hold the 90 degree angle, without any wobble. The entire point of a drill press is to hold the drill bit perpendicular to the table, so any wobble defeats that purpose. This size is not commonly available at consumer hardware stores, so you may need to go to a plumbing supply specialty store. The pip diameter should be considered a minimum

** 30 cm (12 inch) Nipple - 1 piece. A nipple is a straight length of pipe threaded on the outside at both ends. This will determine the maximum height the drill can reach above the table.
** 20 cm (8 inch) Nipple - 1 piece. This will determine the overhang from drill bit to vertical pipe, and thus the maximum distance a hole can be from the nearest edge of the workpiece.
** 90 degree Elbow - 1 piece. This will be threaded on the inside at both ends, and be used to connect the two nipples.
** Flange - 2 pieces. This is a wide end piece with holes for screws or bolts. It will be threaded on the inside, and go on the far ends of the nipples, to connect to the table and guide plate.

* '''1.5 x 12 x 19 mm (1/16 x 1/2 x 3/4 inch Aluminum Angle''' - At least 120 cm (4 ft) length. This is used to make the guide rails which the drill mount slides up and down along.

* '''Optional Items''' - You can reinforce the table surface with a metal plate, as long as it is perfectly flat. You can also coat all the exposed wood with polyurethane (after staining if you want). This will reduce accidental damage, and make it easier to clean up if you use cutting oils when drilling metal.

[[Category: Bootstrapping]]

Bootstrapping

2012-01-03T16:38:18Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Bootstrap Stationary Tools */

=== Introduction ===

The term "bootstrapping" comes from the phrase "lifting yourself by your bootstraps", which is not actually possible but gets the idea across of a closed loop process. In the context of Open Source Ecology it means starting from a minimal set of people, skills, money, and tools, and using them to make progressively better tools until the full range of Global Village hardware is available. Along with an expanding tool set comes an expanding community organization. There is no point in having 50 people working when you only have a few hand tools to work with. The design problem is what is the optimal bootstrapping path, and how would it vary according to location, available resources and skills, funding, etc.

=== Concepts ===

'''Make vs Buy''' - Unless you want to truly start from nothing but a rock and a stick to make a stone axe, there will always be some level of bought items. To decide whether to make or buy a given item, the following are relevant:

* Productivity - This is how much you save by making the item divided by the time to make it. If you save $100 by making an item and it takes you ten hours to make it, then your productivity is $10/hr. If you can be doing something else with a higher productivity, such as a paid job, then you are better off in total time required by just buying the item.

* Service Life - Once you have it, how long will it last? A machine you make yourself will have a lesser or greater life than a bought one, depending on how it is designed.

'''Tool Grades''' - For discussion purposes, it is convenient to use existing descriptions of how capable a tool is. These are portable, stationary, and industrial. The different grades are distinguished by features such as weight, rigidity, accuracy, power level, and maximum work dimension. An example is portable electric drill, stationary drill press, and industrial drill press. Ideally you want to use one grade of tools to make the next higher grade. In some cases, a tool can be modified and upgraded to a higher grade.

'''Tool Functions''' - A functional category such as "making holes in things" may be accomplished by numerous tools (drill, punch, plasma torch, laser). You can map out the function according to parameters like: output rate (holes per hour), how big a hole, how thick a material, what kind of material, how accurate a hole, side effects on the work piece (such as heating from a plasma torch). A given tool will cover some range of parameters. When planning a bootstrap path, consider how a new tool will extend the range of parameters or overlap with other tools.

=== Basic Hand and Portable Tools ===

If you are reading this on a computer, you probably do not need to start at the stone axe level. Let us assume you live in an apartment, so have no land for a workshop, and no ability to convert an existing room into a serious shop. Let us also assume you own nothing in the way of tools. So how do you get started? The first step is to get some basic hand and portable tools and either make or buy some tool boxes to carry them around in and store them. Even when you have a high grade shop, the Boeing airplane factory for example, the workers there still have tool boxes with hand tools, so they are needed at all levels of projects.

'''Workspace''' - If you have a balcony or breezeway or parking spot, you can use that temporarily to work in and just put things away when not working on them. It will be inefficient to put things away all the time, so the long term goal is get a permanent workshop set up, but that is a later step.

'''Finding Tools''' - You can often find used tools on [http://www.craigslist.org/about/sites Craigslist], garage sales, Goodwill and second hand shops, flea markets, pawn shops, and tool rental places. Good quality tools will last a lot longer and do better work, so if you expect to use it a lot, consider paying extra for quality. New tools are available in most cities at home improvement centers, and also by buying online. Less common tools can be found at Industrial Supply places such as Grainger or McMaster-Carr, or direct from manufacturers.

'''Safety Items''' - Humans are easily damaged, and any tool that can cut wood or metal can cut you too. Some tasks will require special safety gear, but these would be a minimum.

* Work Gloves - to protect from splinters, chafing, in some cases nasty materials, or electrical shock. The latter two require specialty rubber gloves.
* Safety Glasses - your eyes are particularly sensitive to dust, splinters, and other hazards
* First Aid Kit - Inevitably you will need it. Some bandages and aspirin would be an absolute minimum. You can buy a complete kit as a set, or assemble your own and store it in a fishing tackle box
* Fire Extinguisher - wood shavings, oily rags, electricity, cutting metal, grinding, metal casting, and many other processes are capable of starting a fire. Besides following good safety practices, you should at least have a fire extinguisher or water hose available whenever there is a possibility of starting a fire.

'''Hand Tools''' - This is a list of basic hand tools. If you have no other toolbox, a sturdy cardboard box or two can be used until you can make or buy a better one. Use something to keep blades from knocking about and damaging each other and other tools. Compartments are very useful to keep things organized.

* Claw Hammer
* Locking Pliers (Vise-Grip is a popular brand)
* Screwdriver set - Various sizes and types of head
* Utility knife
* Tape Measure
* Hand saw - for cutting wood
* Hacksaw - for cutting other materials (metal, ceramic, etc) different blades are used to cut different materials
* Adjustable wrenches - these come in different styles for heavy pipe and other assembly jobs
* Bubble Level
* Assorted Pliers - in different shapes, for grasping small objects, including nails, which keeps your fingers out of the way of the hammer.
* Wire cutter/Stripper
* Electrical tester - a small lamp can be used to test outlets, but this device can probe other places to find out if there is live electricity. Usually you do '''NOT''' want this while you are working on things.

'''Portable Tools'''

* Electric Drill - With assorted drill bits
* Circular Saw - including assorted blades for different jobs.
* Work surface - In basic form this can be two sawhorses and some boards or plywood to put on top.
* Clamps - power tools often generate enough force to require them, or for holding a guide board for a circular saw.

'''Supplies'''

* Wood Glue
* Pen or pencil for marking
* Assorted screws, nails, and other fasteners - Get some sort of multi-compartment container to keep them organized

=== People ===

You can start doing things by yourself, but as the projects get larger and need more skills, having more than just you on your team becomes more important. A friend or two on a causal basis can be a starting point. As things grow, a partnership or an organized group such as a community workshop association makes it possible to share the cost and skills, do tasks that require multiple people at once, and rent or buy a permanent location. That can lead in the long run to a full community with their own houses, workshops, and farmland.

=== Bootstrap Stationary Tools ===

'''[[Bootstrap Drill Press]]''' - This is taking a hand drill and converting it to a drill press with the addition of a support frame and table. It is based on the [http://www.instructables.com/id/Drill-press/ Instructables Drill Press].

=== Bootstrap Workshop and Furniture ===

Generally to do more complex projects, you need a more permanent workspace out of the weather and some shop furniture like workbenches and storage shelving. Projects that are not finished in one day can be left out and just picked up again without needing to put things away.

=== Ideas and Notes ===

This section is to put down and save ideas and notes not formally integrated into the above yet.

[[Category: Bootstrapping]]

Bootstrapping

2012-01-03T16:37:45Z

DanielRavenNest:

=== Introduction ===

The term "bootstrapping" comes from the phrase "lifting yourself by your bootstraps", which is not actually possible but gets the idea across of a closed loop process. In the context of Open Source Ecology it means starting from a minimal set of people, skills, money, and tools, and using them to make progressively better tools until the full range of Global Village hardware is available. Along with an expanding tool set comes an expanding community organization. There is no point in having 50 people working when you only have a few hand tools to work with. The design problem is what is the optimal bootstrapping path, and how would it vary according to location, available resources and skills, funding, etc.

=== Concepts ===

'''Make vs Buy''' - Unless you want to truly start from nothing but a rock and a stick to make a stone axe, there will always be some level of bought items. To decide whether to make or buy a given item, the following are relevant:

* Productivity - This is how much you save by making the item divided by the time to make it. If you save $100 by making an item and it takes you ten hours to make it, then your productivity is $10/hr. If you can be doing something else with a higher productivity, such as a paid job, then you are better off in total time required by just buying the item.

* Service Life - Once you have it, how long will it last? A machine you make yourself will have a lesser or greater life than a bought one, depending on how it is designed.

'''Tool Grades''' - For discussion purposes, it is convenient to use existing descriptions of how capable a tool is. These are portable, stationary, and industrial. The different grades are distinguished by features such as weight, rigidity, accuracy, power level, and maximum work dimension. An example is portable electric drill, stationary drill press, and industrial drill press. Ideally you want to use one grade of tools to make the next higher grade. In some cases, a tool can be modified and upgraded to a higher grade.

'''Tool Functions''' - A functional category such as "making holes in things" may be accomplished by numerous tools (drill, punch, plasma torch, laser). You can map out the function according to parameters like: output rate (holes per hour), how big a hole, how thick a material, what kind of material, how accurate a hole, side effects on the work piece (such as heating from a plasma torch). A given tool will cover some range of parameters. When planning a bootstrap path, consider how a new tool will extend the range of parameters or overlap with other tools.

=== Basic Hand and Portable Tools ===

If you are reading this on a computer, you probably do not need to start at the stone axe level. Let us assume you live in an apartment, so have no land for a workshop, and no ability to convert an existing room into a serious shop. Let us also assume you own nothing in the way of tools. So how do you get started? The first step is to get some basic hand and portable tools and either make or buy some tool boxes to carry them around in and store them. Even when you have a high grade shop, the Boeing airplane factory for example, the workers there still have tool boxes with hand tools, so they are needed at all levels of projects.

'''Workspace''' - If you have a balcony or breezeway or parking spot, you can use that temporarily to work in and just put things away when not working on them. It will be inefficient to put things away all the time, so the long term goal is get a permanent workshop set up, but that is a later step.

'''Finding Tools''' - You can often find used tools on [http://www.craigslist.org/about/sites Craigslist], garage sales, Goodwill and second hand shops, flea markets, pawn shops, and tool rental places. Good quality tools will last a lot longer and do better work, so if you expect to use it a lot, consider paying extra for quality. New tools are available in most cities at home improvement centers, and also by buying online. Less common tools can be found at Industrial Supply places such as Grainger or McMaster-Carr, or direct from manufacturers.

'''Safety Items''' - Humans are easily damaged, and any tool that can cut wood or metal can cut you too. Some tasks will require special safety gear, but these would be a minimum.

* Work Gloves - to protect from splinters, chafing, in some cases nasty materials, or electrical shock. The latter two require specialty rubber gloves.
* Safety Glasses - your eyes are particularly sensitive to dust, splinters, and other hazards
* First Aid Kit - Inevitably you will need it. Some bandages and aspirin would be an absolute minimum. You can buy a complete kit as a set, or assemble your own and store it in a fishing tackle box
* Fire Extinguisher - wood shavings, oily rags, electricity, cutting metal, grinding, metal casting, and many other processes are capable of starting a fire. Besides following good safety practices, you should at least have a fire extinguisher or water hose available whenever there is a possibility of starting a fire.

'''Hand Tools''' - This is a list of basic hand tools. If you have no other toolbox, a sturdy cardboard box or two can be used until you can make or buy a better one. Use something to keep blades from knocking about and damaging each other and other tools. Compartments are very useful to keep things organized.

* Claw Hammer
* Locking Pliers (Vise-Grip is a popular brand)
* Screwdriver set - Various sizes and types of head
* Utility knife
* Tape Measure
* Hand saw - for cutting wood
* Hacksaw - for cutting other materials (metal, ceramic, etc) different blades are used to cut different materials
* Adjustable wrenches - these come in different styles for heavy pipe and other assembly jobs
* Bubble Level
* Assorted Pliers - in different shapes, for grasping small objects, including nails, which keeps your fingers out of the way of the hammer.
* Wire cutter/Stripper
* Electrical tester - a small lamp can be used to test outlets, but this device can probe other places to find out if there is live electricity. Usually you do '''NOT''' want this while you are working on things.

'''Portable Tools'''

* Electric Drill - With assorted drill bits
* Circular Saw - including assorted blades for different jobs.
* Work surface - In basic form this can be two sawhorses and some boards or plywood to put on top.
* Clamps - power tools often generate enough force to require them, or for holding a guide board for a circular saw.

'''Supplies'''

* Wood Glue
* Pen or pencil for marking
* Assorted screws, nails, and other fasteners - Get some sort of multi-compartment container to keep them organized

=== People ===

You can start doing things by yourself, but as the projects get larger and need more skills, having more than just you on your team becomes more important. A friend or two on a causal basis can be a starting point. As things grow, a partnership or an organized group such as a community workshop association makes it possible to share the cost and skills, do tasks that require multiple people at once, and rent or buy a permanent location. That can lead in the long run to a full community with their own houses, workshops, and farmland.

=== Bootstrap Stationary Tools ===

'''[[Bootstrap Drill Press]]''' - This is taking a hand drill and converting it to a drill press with the addition of a support frame. It is based on the [http://www.instructables.com/id/Drill-press/ Instructables Drill Press].

=== Bootstrap Workshop and Furniture ===

Generally to do more complex projects, you need a more permanent workspace out of the weather and some shop furniture like workbenches and storage shelving. Projects that are not finished in one day can be left out and just picked up again without needing to put things away.

=== Ideas and Notes ===

This section is to put down and save ideas and notes not formally integrated into the above yet.

[[Category: Bootstrapping]]

Category:Bootstrapping

2012-01-03T05:21:18Z

DanielRavenNest:

List of Bootstrapping related pages. Bootstrapping is using the tools you have to make better tools. The GVCS concept in general fits this category, but it also specifically refers to building up from a smaller starter set of tools to being able to make the GVCS machines.

[[Category:Housing and construction]]

Category:Bootstrapping

2012-01-03T05:18:49Z

DanielRavenNest: Created page with "List of Bootstrapping related pages. Bootstrapping is using the tools you have to make better tools. The GVCS concept in general fits this category, but it also specifically re..."

Bootstrapping

2012-01-03T05:15:54Z

DanielRavenNest:

=== Introduction ===

The term "bootstrapping" comes from the phrase "lifting yourself by your bootstraps", which is not actually possible but gets the idea across of a closed loop process. In the context of Open Source Ecology it means starting from a minimal set of people, skills, money, and tools, and using them to make progressively better tools until the full range of Global Village hardware is available. Along with an expanding tool set comes an expanding community organization. There is no point in having 50 people working when you only have a few hand tools to work with. The design problem is what is the optimal bootstrapping path, and how would it vary according to location, available resources and skills, funding, etc.

=== Concepts ===

'''Make vs Buy''' - Unless you want to truly start from nothing but a rock and a stick to make a stone axe, there will always be some level of bought items. To decide whether to make or buy a given item, the following are relevant:

* Productivity - This is how much you save by making the item divided by the time to make it. If you save $100 by making an item and it takes you ten hours to make it, then your productivity is $10/hr. If you can be doing something else with a higher productivity, such as a paid job, then you are better off just buying the item.

* Service Life - Once you have it, how long will it last?

'''Tool Grades''' - For discussion purposes, it is convenient to use existing descriptions of how capable a tool is. These are portable, stationary, and industrial. The different grades are distinguished by features such as weight, rigidity, accuracy, power level, and maximum work dimension. An example is portable electric drill, stationary drill press, and industrial drill press. Ideally you want to use one grade of tools to make the next higher grade. In some cases, a tool can be modified and upgraded to a higher grade.

'''Tool Functions''' - A functional category such as "making holes in things" may be accomplished by numerous tools (drill, punch, plasma torch, laser). You can map out the function according to parameters like: output rate (holes per hour), how big a hole, how thick a material, what kind of material, how accurate a hole, side effects on the work piece (such as heating from a plasma torch). A given tool will cover some range of parameters. When planning a bootstrap path, consider how a new tool will extend the range of parameters or overlap with other tools.

=== Basic Hand and Portable Tools ===

Let us assume you live in an apartment, so have no land for a workshop, and no ability to convert an existing room into a serious shop. Let us also assume you own nothing in the way of tools. So how do you get started? The first step is to get some basic hand and portable tools and either make or buy some tool boxes to carry them around in and store them. If you have a balcony or breezeway or parking spot, you can use that temporarily to work in and just put things away when not working on them. It will be inefficient to put things away all the time, so the long term goal is get a permanent workshop set up, but that is a later step. You can often find used tools on [http://www.craigslist.org/about/sites Craigslist], garage sales, Goodwill and second hand shops, flea markets, pawn shops, and tool rental places. Good quality tools will last a lot longer and do better work, so if you expect to use it a lot, consider paying extra for quality. New tools are available in most cities at home improvement centers, and also by buying online.

'''Safety Items''' - Humans are easily damaged, and any tool that can cut wood or metal can cut you too. Some tasks will require special safety gear, but these would be a minimum.

* Work Gloves - to protect from splinters, chafing, in some cases nasty materials, or electrical shock. The latter two require specialty gloves.
* Safety Glasses - your eyes are particularly sensitive to dust, splinters, and other hazards
* First Aid Kit

'''Hand Tools''' - This is a list of basic hand tools. If you have no other toolbox, a sturdy cardboard box or two can be used until you can make or buy a better one. Use something to keep blades from knocking about and damaging each other and other tools. Compartments are very useful to keep things organized.

* Claw Hammer
* Locking Pliers (Vise-Grip is a popular brand)
* Screwdriver set - Various sizes and types of head
* Utility knife
* Tape Measure
* Hand saw - for cutting wood
* Hacksaw - for cutting other materials (metal, ceramic, etc) different blades are used to cut different materials
* Adjustable wrenches - these come in different styles for heavy pipe and other assembly jobs
* Bubble Level
* Assorted Pliers - in different shapes, for grasping small objects, including nails, which keeps your fingers out of the way of the hammer.
* Wire cutter/Stripper
* Electrical tester - a small lamp can be used to test outlets, but this device can probe other places to find out if there is live electricity. Usually you do '''NOT''' want this while you are working on things.

'''Portable Tools'''

* Electric Drill - With assorted drill bits
* Circular Saw - including assorted blades for different jobs.
* Work surface - In basic form this can be two sawhorses and some boards or plywood to put on top.
* Clamps - power tools often generate enough force to require them, or for holding a guide board for a circular saw.

'''Supplies'''

* Wood Glue
* Pen or pencil for marking
* Assorted screws, nails, and other fasteners - Get some sort of multi-compartment container to keep them organized

=== Ideas and Notes ===

This section is to put down and save ideas and notes not formally integrated into the above yet.

'''Drill Press Conversion''' - Taking a hand drill and converting it to a drill press with the addition of a support frame. See [http://www.instructables.com/id/Drill-press/ Instructables Drill Press] for an example

[[Category: Bootstrapping]]

Bootstrap Drill Press

2012-01-03T05:15:10Z

DanielRavenNest: Start on description of project, needs lots more work.

USA

2012-01-02T01:53:33Z

DanielRavenNest:

This is a list of local groups developing Global Village/OSE type projects, or have similar interests in sustainability and self production.

=== Missouri ===

Factor E Farm, the home of OSE, is located in Missouri. Other groups of interest include:

*[http://www.dancingrabbit.org/ Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**Summary:
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/vision/
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/daytoday/md_081103.php

*[http://www.sandhillfarm.org/ Sandhill Farm]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**http://www.thefec.org/Sandhill

*[http://redearthfarms.org/ Red Earth Farms]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]

*[http://cowtowncomputercongress.org/ Cowtown Computer Congress]
** A Hackerspace in Kansas City
** http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Cowtown_Computer_Congress
**Location: 39.0715562° N, 94.599961° W

*[http://www.survivalistbooks.com/survivalistgroups.htm Some people here]
**Rural mid-Missouri - We own a home in mid-Missouri in private lake area adjacent to Missouri river. - dmorawiec@live.com
**Northwest Missouri - looking to establish a network of relationships - veritasfiles@yahoo.com
**Central Missouri - live in a small town - bushmaster556223@gmail.com

== South East USA ==

If you are interested in forming a project or group in this region please post your information here or contact danielravennest (at) gmail (dot) com if you are uncomfortable posting your information publicly.

=== Alabama ===

'''Community DIY Association - Gadsden, Alabama'''
[http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Community_DIY_Gadsden Website]

As of Jan 2012 the general project path is setting up a community workshop with the intent to work up in a bootstrap fashion to more advanced tools and an eventual full community farm, housing, and workshop along OSE methods. Specific current tasks are starting to produce "Grid Beam" type modular lumber pieces, which can be used for general construction such as workbenches, storage shelves. In order to drill the holes in the lumber accurately, we are making a bootstrap drill press from a hand drill plus lumber and iron pipe, followed by a hole jig so they are evenly spaced. The modular concept lets you recycle parts as needs change, and scales up to full modular buildings. If successful, modular kits might become a sale product to finance later expansion.

[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Links]]

USA

2011-12-30T19:51:59Z

DanielRavenNest:

This is a list of local groups developing Global Village/OSE type projects, or have similar interests in sustainability and self production.

=== Missouri ===

Factor E Farm, the home of OSE, is located in Missouri. Other groups of interest include:

*[http://www.dancingrabbit.org/ Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**Summary:
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/vision/
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/daytoday/md_081103.php

*[http://www.sandhillfarm.org/ Sandhill Farm]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**http://www.thefec.org/Sandhill

*[http://redearthfarms.org/ Red Earth Farms]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]

*[http://cowtowncomputercongress.org/ Cowtown Computer Congress]
** A Hackerspace in Kansas City
** http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Cowtown_Computer_Congress
**Location: 39.0715562° N, 94.599961° W

*[http://www.survivalistbooks.com/survivalistgroups.htm Some people here]
**Rural mid-Missouri - We own a home in mid-Missouri in private lake area adjacent to Missouri river. - dmorawiec@live.com
**Northwest Missouri - looking to establish a network of relationships - veritasfiles@yahoo.com
**Central Missouri - live in a small town - bushmaster556223@gmail.com

== South East USA ==

If you are interested in forming a project or group in this region please post your information here or contact danielravennest (at) gmail (dot) com if you are uncomfortable posting your information publicly.

=== Alabama ===

'''Community DIY Association - Gadsden, Alabama'''
[http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Community_DIY_Gadsden Website]

As of Dec 2011 is setting up a community workshop and starting to produce "Grid Beam" type modular lumber pieces, with the intent to work up in a bootstrap fashion to more advanced tools and an eventual full community farm, housing, and workshop along OSE methods.

[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Links]]

USA

2011-12-30T19:48:10Z

DanielRavenNest:

This is a list of local groups developing Global Village/OSE type projects, or have similar interests in sustainability and self production.

=== Missouri ===

Factor E Farm, the home of OSE, is located in Missouri. Other groups of interest include:

*[http://www.dancingrabbit.org/ Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**Summary:
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/vision/
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/daytoday/md_081103.php

*[http://www.sandhillfarm.org/ Sandhill Farm]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**http://www.thefec.org/Sandhill

*[http://redearthfarms.org/ Red Earth Farms]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]

*[http://cowtowncomputercongress.org/ Cowtown Computer Congress]
** A Hackerspace in Kansas City
** http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Cowtown_Computer_Congress
**Location: 39.0715562° N, 94.599961° W

*[http://www.survivalistbooks.com/survivalistgroups.htm Some people here]
**Rural mid-Missouri - We own a home in mid-Missouri in private lake area adjacent to Missouri river. - dmorawiec@live.com
**Northwest Missouri - looking to establish a network of relationships - veritasfiles@yahoo.com
**Central Missouri - live in a small town - bushmaster556223@gmail.com

== South East USA ==

If you are interested in forming a project or group in this region please contact danielravennest (at) gmail (dot) com.

=== Alabama ===

'''Community DIY Association - Gadsden, Alabama'''
[http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Community_DIY_Gadsden Website]

As of Dec 2011 is setting up a community workshop and starting to produce "Grid Beam" type modular lumber pieces, with the intent to work up in a bootstrap fashion to more advanced tools and an eventual full community farm, housing, and workshop along OSE methods.

[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Links]]

Bootstrapping

2011-12-27T23:13:13Z

DanielRavenNest:

=== Introduction ===

The term "bootstrapping" comes from the phrase "lifting yourself by your bootstraps", which is not actually possible but gets the idea across of a closed loop process. In the context of Open Source Ecology it means starting from a minimal set of people, skills, money, and tools, and using them to make progressively better tools until the full range of Global Village hardware is available. Along with an expanding tool set comes an expanding community organization. There is no point in having 50 people working when you only have a few hand tools to work with. The design problem is what is the optimal bootstrapping path, and how would it vary according to location, available resources and skills, funding, etc.

=== Concepts ===

'''Make vs Buy''' - Unless you want to truly start from nothing but a rock and a stick to make a stone axe, there will always be some level of bought items. To decide whether to make or buy a given item, the following are relevant:

* Productivity - This is how much you save by making the item divided by the time to make it. If you save $100 by making an item and it takes you ten hours to make it, then your productivity is $10/hr. If you can be doing something else with a higher productivity, such as a paid job, then you are better off just buying the item.

* Service Life - Once you have it, how long will it last?

'''Tool Grades''' - For discussion purposes, it is convenient to use existing descriptions of how capable a tool is. These are portable, stationary, and industrial. The different grades are distinguished by features such as weight, rigidity, accuracy, power level, and maximum work dimension. An example is portable electric drill, stationary drill press, and industrial drill press. Ideally you want to use one grade of tools to make the next higher grade. In some cases, a tool can be modified and upgraded to a higher grade.

'''Tool Functions''' - A functional category such as "making holes in things" may be accomplished by numerous tools (drill, punch, plasma torch, laser). You can map out the function according to parameters like: output rate (holes per hour), how big a hole, how thick a material, what kind of material, how accurate a hole, side effects on the work piece (such as heating from a plasma torch). A given tool will cover some range of parameters. When planning a bootstrap path, consider how a new tool will extend the range of parameters or overlap with other tools.

=== Basic Hand and Portable Tools ===

Let us assume you live in an apartment, so have no land for a workshop, and no ability to convert an existing room into a serious shop. Let us also assume you own nothing in the way of tools. So how do you get started? The first step is to get some basic hand and portable tools and either make or buy some tool boxes to carry them around in and store them. If you have a balcony or breezeway or parking spot, you can use that temporarily to work in and just put things away when not working on them. It will be inefficient to put things away all the time, so the long term goal is get a permanent workshop set up, but that is a later step. You can often find used tools on [http://www.craigslist.org/about/sites Craigslist], garage sales, Goodwill and second hand shops, flea markets, pawn shops, and tool rental places. Good quality tools will last a lot longer and do better work, so if you expect to use it a lot, consider paying extra for quality. New tools are available in most cities at home improvement centers, and also by buying online.

'''Safety Items''' - Humans are easily damaged, and any tool that can cut wood or metal can cut you too. Some tasks will require special safety gear, but these would be a minimum.

* Work Gloves - to protect from splinters, chafing, in some cases nasty materials, or electrical shock. The latter two require specialty gloves.
* Safety Glasses - your eyes are particularly sensitive to dust, splinters, and other hazards
* First Aid Kit

'''Hand Tools''' - This is a list of basic hand tools. If you have no other toolbox, a sturdy cardboard box or two can be used until you can make or buy a better one. Use something to keep blades from knocking about and damaging each other and other tools. Compartments are very useful to keep things organized.

* Claw Hammer
* Locking Pliers (Vise-Grip is a popular brand)
* Screwdriver set - Various sizes and types of head
* Utility knife
* Tape Measure
* Hand saw - for cutting wood
* Hacksaw - for cutting other materials (metal, ceramic, etc) different blades are used to cut different materials
* Adjustable wrenches - these come in different styles for heavy pipe and other assembly jobs
* Bubble Level
* Assorted Pliers - in different shapes, for grasping small objects, including nails, which keeps your fingers out of the way of the hammer.
* Wire cutter/Stripper
* Electrical tester - a small lamp can be used to test outlets, but this device can probe other places to find out if there is live electricity. Usually you do '''NOT''' want this while you are working on things.

'''Portable Tools'''

* Electric Drill - With assorted drill bits
* Circular Saw - including assorted blades for different jobs.
* Work surface - In basic form this can be two sawhorses and some boards or plywood to put on top.
* Clamps - power tools often generate enough force to require them, or for holding a guide board for a circular saw.

'''Supplies'''

* Wood Glue
* Pen or pencil for marking
* Assorted screws, nails, and other fasteners - Get some sort of multi-compartment container to keep them organized

=== Ideas and Notes ===

This section is to put down and save ideas and notes not formally integrated into the above yet.

'''Drill Press Conversion''' - Taking a hand drill and converting it to a drill press with the addition of a support frame. See [http://www.instructables.com/id/Drill-press/ Instructables Drill Press] for an example

[[Category: Organization]]

Bootstrapping

2011-12-27T22:55:11Z

DanielRavenNest:

Talk:How to Build the 4 Machines in a Basic Workshop

2011-12-27T22:01:52Z

DanielRavenNest:

Looks like the text just kind of stops at the end; like it got cut off.

Well, it's a wiki. Wikis are always a work in progress. I added a link to the [[Bootstrapping]] page I started, since the whole subject of going from nothing to industrial level machines (what the GVCS are) needs more work. [[User:DanielRavenNest|DanielRavenNest]] 23:01, 27 December 2011 (CET)

How to Build the 4 Machines in a Basic Workshop

2011-12-27T21:57:58Z

DanielRavenNest:

=Basic Workshop=

A basic workship incudes these tools:

#MIG Welder - 200A - $1000 used
#Acetylene Torch - $500
#[[Magnetic Drill]] - $385
#15 Amp and 5 Amp grinders - $80
#Abrasive 14" metal cutoff saw - $150

and other hand tools such as C clamps, vise clamps, a vise, hammers, wrenches, allen wrenches, pipe wrenches, holding magnets, speed square, L anglem, mesuring tape, soapstone marker, and others.

'''For about a $2,100 investment in the above tools - one has sufficient tooling to build the entire tractor, CEB press, Pulverizer, and Power Cube.''' The only part not covered is about 2-4 hours of lathe work to produce tractor wheel shaft couplers. Otherwise, all else is obtained by cutting, drilling, and welding of stock steel metal sections. Simplicity of design allows one to build serious equipment with minimal effort.

If one has access to a CNC torch table, Ironworker machine, metal band saw - the cutting and hole-making, and metal stock cutting could go much faster - but for one-off production, the 5 main tools + hand tools above are sufficient.

=Basic Advanced Workshop=

A basic advanced workshop contains these 7 tools:

#CNC Torch Table for cutting steel parts - [http://torchmate.com/products/torchmate_3/ $12k off-shelf] - [http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/2010/01/reptab-open-source-torch-table-in-make-zine/ $1500 OSE]
#150 Ton Ironworker machine for rapid shearing and hole punching of 1" thick metal - [http://www.edwardsironworkers.com/120ton.html $21k off-shelf] - [http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/2010/07/open-source-150-ton-hole-puncher/ $1600 OSE]
#CNC Mill - [http://compare.ebay.com/like/330407948304?ltyp=AllFixedPriceItemTypes&var=sbar&rvr_id=153012188215&crlp=1_263602_304662&UA=L*F%3F&GUID=6cefd2a012a0a06c1b734cc3ffef596b&itemid=330407948304&ff4=263602_304662 $17k used off shelf] - $4k OSE
#CNC Lathe - [http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=400163124262&hlp=false&rvr_id=153032086286&crlp=1_263602_304652&UA=L*F%3F&GUID=6cefd2a012a0a06c1b734cc3ffef596b&itemid=400163124262&ff4=263602_304652 $15k used off shelf] - [http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/2010/01/initial-steps-to-the-open-source-multimachine/ $4k OSE after CNC addition]
#Heavy Duty Drill Press (2" hole drilling capacity) - [http://www.toolorbit.com/Jet/Jet-354040.html $10k off shelf] - [http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/2010/07/open-source-drill-press-prototype-debut/ $600 OSE]
#200 Amp MIG Welder - [http://www.google.com/products/catalog?client=ubuntu&q=millermatic+252&oe=utf-8&hl=en&cid=12110604904551249361&ei=iOu1TO3qD4bc2gTE86WrCQ&sa=title&ved=0CAcQ8wIwADgA#p $2k off shelf] - $500 OSE
#Acetylene Torch - [http://www.google.com/products/catalog?client=ubuntu&q=acetylene+torch&oe=utf-8&hl=en&show=dd&cid=14262758315025162865&ei=H-y1TMOhOouA2wSOzJ2pCQ&sa=title&ved=0CCsQ8wIwCTgU#p $400 off shelf]

*'''$77,400 off shelf''' + maintenance costs of the same about every 10 years; for a lifetime (20 yr) enterprise, the cost doubles.
*'''$14,100 OSE cost''' + lifetime service, as people can maintain their own machines.

=Discussion=

This would allow one to build all the above tools (self-replication), plus things like tractors, microtractors (lawnmowers), pelletizers to have people harvest their own fuel for mowing from grass clippings; cars; engines, hydraulic motors, and other things from open plans, using CNC assist, and predicted value of labor captured at $100 per hour, or a total ROI of $16k/person/month with 8 hour shifts in a 1000 sq foot workshop.

Make a 4000 square foot workshop to accommodate 4 people, and you have $64k/month earning capacity with 4 people.

Such earning depends on the full product release plans for all devices, and implies a material post-scarcity condition for communities.

=So, you want to build a new civilization?=

The best way to do it is to do it. There is no magic. If you see the purpose in this course of action, all you need to do is spend $2.5k, quit your job, and start building. After a few hours of practice, you will gain basic proficiency in torching and welding. If you want to be a ma
, [[Category:Notes]][[Category:RepLab]]

==See also==
*[[Bootstrapping]]

[[Category:Civilization Starter Kit DVD v0.01]]

Bootstrapping

2011-12-27T16:31:32Z

DanielRavenNest:

Bootstrapping

2011-12-27T16:26:05Z

DanielRavenNest:

Bootstrapping

2011-12-27T16:19:41Z

DanielRavenNest:

Bootstrapping

2011-12-27T15:29:56Z

DanielRavenNest:

Bootstrapping

2011-12-27T15:27:50Z

DanielRavenNest: Created page on bootstrapping

Modular Construction

2011-12-21T22:40:28Z

DanielRavenNest:

==Reference Design==

The following modular construction concept is based on standard practice from the following references. New or alternative concepts can be compared to this reference design, and if found better, then become the new reference design.

* American Institute of Timber Construction, "Timber Construction Manual", 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

===Concept Description===

* The system consists of bolted timber framing on a standard spacing, and bolted filler panels of standard sizes. Using bolts allows additions and modifications relatively easily.

* Timbers and other lumber are cut locally from on-site trees, then dried using an on-site solar kiln. Un-used parts of the tree are left in the forest, or returned after cutting. Some additional nutrients are added to the forest for sustainability.

* Wood is left untreated to avoid substances like creosote or metallic salts. This requires an above ground foundation to protect the wood from moisture and termites. To keep the system modular, concrete column footers can be used under each wood post. If a building is modified, the footers can be extracted and re-used elsewhere as needed.

* Truss braces are used as needed for stability, and cut steel plates and welded angles are used where needed for joint strength. Where loads are not as high, frames and filler panels are bolted directly to each other.

* Roofing, exterior covering, windows, doors, insulation, and utilities can be pre-installed into filler panels. In this case they need to be in standard locations so they line up. Edge overlap will be needed to prevent leakage. Alternately these can be added later, in which case they should be installed with bolts or screws so they can be removed.

===Modular Design Features===

Conventional building materials are already somewhat modular. USA lumber and plywood come in sizes that are multiples of 2 feet, for example. But if needs change, conventional construction is not easily remodeled or recycled. Two basic features will allow for that: a standard grid and removable fasteners.

'''Standard Grid''' - This is to use multiples of a basic unit as the size of parts and the spacing of fasteners. Basic framing lumber has a thickness of 1.5 inches, which is nominally called 2 inch, but that is before drying and sanding. Then cut lengths should be multiples of 1.5 inches, and fastener spacing is also multiples of that unit size. That way pieces will automatically line up.

'''Removable Fasteners''' - Nails are fast to install, but hard to remove. If you don't think you will ever need to change or recycle what you are building, they might be suitable. For semi-permanent items, use screws on a standard grid spacing, and for items that will be changed often, use bolts. Not all holes for screws and bolts need to be drilled in advance, they can be added as needed, as long as the spacing is maintained.

'''Additional Features'''

* Where materials are not an exact multiple, such as studs which are actually 1.5x3.5 inches in size, choose one edge and measure the grid from that edge. Choose a convention such as "the starting edge faces the outside of the building", so items will line up properly. If you are making your own materials, you can make them exact multiples from the start.

* For wood, center screw and bolt holes in each grid square. Thus for a 1.5 inch grid, they would be 0.75 inches from the edge and end. Where extra strength or rigidity is needed, metal connectors and diagonal bracing can be used. For structures where human safety matters, either building codes or engineered designs should be used. As a first approximation, though, the fasteners should not fail before the structural elements. Since ordinary lumber has a design strength of 1000 psi, and common steel is 18 ksi, the area of fastener should be 1/18th of the area of wood for maximum strength. It can be less where only moderate strength is needed.

* For roof slopes, stairs, and other angled items, choose slopes that result in even multiples of the grid unit.

[[Category:Housing and construction]]

USA

2011-12-19T21:48:34Z

DanielRavenNest:

== Near Factor e Farm in Missouri ==

*[http://www.dancingrabbit.org/ Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**Summary:
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/vision/
***http://www.dancingrabbit.org/daytoday/md_081103.php

*[http://www.sandhillfarm.org/ Sandhill Farm]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]
**http://www.thefec.org/Sandhill

*[http://redearthfarms.org/ Red Earth Farms]
**Location: [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=x6N&q=dancing%20rabbit&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl NE Missouri]

*[http://cowtowncomputercongress.org/ Cowtown Computer Congress]
** A Hackerspace in Kansas City
** http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Cowtown_Computer_Congress
**Location: 39.0715562° N, 94.599961° W

*[http://www.survivalistbooks.com/survivalistgroups.htm Some people here]
**Rural mid-Missouri - We own a home in mid-Missouri in private lake area adjacent to Missouri river. - dmorawiec@live.com
**Northwest Missouri - looking to establish a network of relationships - veritasfiles@yahoo.com
**Central Missouri - live in a small town - bushmaster556223@gmail.com

== Alabama ==

'''Community DIY Association - Gadsden, Alabama'''
[http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/Community_DIY_Gadsden Website]

As of Dec 2011 is setting up a community workshop and starting to produce "Grid Beam" type modular lumber pieces, with the intent to work up in a bootstrap fashion to more advanced tools.

[[Category:Notes]]
[[Category:Links]]

Micro Sawmill

2011-12-13T04:10:30Z

DanielRavenNest:

This is a design for a simple, low cost sawmill suitable for small village projects. It is a low production design. For high production, see [[Sawmill]].

:'''Description'''

The basic concept is to hold a bow saw blade in tension horizontally, and mechanize the horizontal motion to saw. All the parts are reasonably off-the-shelf. Dimensions are variable to suit individual needs. The 3D model below omits some of the parts for clarity, and has a 10cm grid for this example version. When actually building, add bracing as needed to make the whole machine rigid enough to guide the blade in a straight line. The main parts are color coded in the model.

'''Bed''' - (yellow) The bed consists of cross ties fastened to rail supports and rails by carriage bolts. The cross ties and rail support are dimensional lumber, and the rails are metal angle iron. The log will rest on the cross ties. The rails need to be longer than the log you want to cut so the sawing head can clear both ends. The bed should be leveled for use.

'''Support Frame''' - (green) The support frame is made of dimensional lumber braced with plywood sheet or diagonals (not shown). It forms an arch which will clear the log, and rolls on V-groove wheels on the rails. Width between the wheels needs to be around twice the log diameter. A ruler should be attached somewhere on the frame to know what height you are cutting at.

'''Slide Mount''' - (purple) The slide mount allows height adjustment of the blade, and for the saw frame to move crosswise when the mill is running. It uses dimensional lumber and plywood. Cross members are omitted for clarity, but the left and right sides need to be attached so the mount moves up and down as a unit. The plywood on either side keep the mount aligned to the support frame. Some method to adjust and lock the height is needed. This can be clamps, or rope/cable from above with a crank system.

A moderate power, low RPM electric motor (such as a ceiling fan motor) is attached to the slide mount, and supplies power for the mill. It is geared down to a larger wheel. A bicycle gear and roller chain will work for this. The larger wheel drives a connector rod which pushes the saw frame sideways. The wheel should be weighted so it is in balance. The mount has holes with low friction sleeves (PVC tubing) to allow the saw frame slides to move freely.

'''Saw Frame''' (light blue) The saw frame has two slides (electrical conduit) and upright framing (dimensional lumber). The lower slide is bolted through to make a pivot. The upper slide merely goes through a hole in the uprights. A threaded rod or chain at the top is used to provide tension for the blade. Metal angles are fastened to the inside bottoms of the uprights, and the blade is bolted horizontally to the angles.

:'''Operation'''

* Clamp log to bed so it does not move.
* Adjust blade height to near top of log.
* Start motor and push support frame steadily forward to cut log.
* Invert log and reset height to near top of log again, and nearest unit on the ruler, make second cut.
* Rotate log 1/4 turn, and clamp supports to hold it's rotation. Make third cut.
* Invert log and make fourth cut. This leaves a squared log.
* Use scale to adjust height by whatever board thickness you want and keep cutting boards.

You can rig a cable and falling weight system pull the support frame automatically. Cutting speed will mostly depend on the motor power.

[[Image:BowSawBlade.jpg|thumb|310px|Bow saw blade]]

[[Image:MicroSawmill.JPG|800px]]

== Alternate Concept ==

See photos at [http://lumbersmith.com/CustomerPhotoLite.html]

This is basically a bandsaw mounted horizontally, with a support frame and rollers to guide it horizontally. It minimizes hardware required, and the need to lift/move the log from where felled.

[[Category:Sawmill]]

Functional Block Diagram F.4 Global Village Facilities

2011-05-25T12:59:42Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Facilities Types */

===Diagrams===

(Note: This page is new, diagram is in work)

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

Facilities includes land, buildings, and outdoor modifications/additions. Generally items permanently attached to the ground are included as facilities. A device such as a wind turbine could also be counted as equipment, so the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. The important thing is to only list a given item in one place, and track the flows going in and out of it.

Total land required is based on the total number of people, what percentage of their needs the land will support, the productivity and geology of the land, and land needed for individual buildings and other facilities. An allowance for future expansion may be included. Not everything can be built at once, so time phased use of land should be considered. For example, an area may be used for an outdoor garden at first, and later converted to a more productive greenhouse. Mixed or multiple use land should also be considered, but the component area needs can be summed up by type.

For comparison, United States average values are 3 acres of farmland + 1.5 acres forest and resource land + 0.5 acres homestead = 5 acres/person total required. An optimized village design should use much less.

==Facilities Functions==

'''F4.1 Prepare Land for Use''' - This includes clearing, leveling, earth-moving, ditching, digging (for wells and posts), tilling, harrowing, extracting materials, adding materials.

'''F4.2 Provide Water''' - For drinking, watering plants, washing

'''F4.3 Provide Stationary Energy''' - This includes electric power, mechanical power (ie windmill direct drive), and process heating

'''F4.4 Grow Living Things''' - This includes seeding, transplanting, watering, fertilizing, harvesting, animal husbandry.

'''F4.5 Provide Human Shelter''' - This includes provide living volume, protection from water, wind, earth movement, animals, and insects, provide fresh air, and temperature control

'''F4.6 Provide Workspace''' - For indoor machines, assembly areas

'''F4.7 Provide Storage''' - For equipment, food, water, chemicals, raw materials, and wastes (recycling or final waste)

'''F4.8 Provide Human Comforts''' - This includes furniture, lighting, soundproofing, entertainment, and communications.

==Facilities Types==

Facility types carry out the above functions. A partial list of facility types and initial estimates for sizing are:

'''Managed Forest''' - Land primarily used for growing timber, but with other shared uses when possible. Standard home construction uses about 6 board-feet wood per square foot of floor area. Median US home size is 750 square feet per person. Total US timberland is 750 million acres, with 1 trillion board feet of commercial sawtimber volume (which is only 11% of total tree volume). Annual growth is 2.8% of volume, of which 100% can be sawtimber volume as smaller trees become large enough to use. Converting to per acre values gives 1333 board feet per acre, adding 38 board feet per year. These are highly variable numbers for any given piece of land. For example, mature (100 year old) forest can have over 60,000 board feet of sawtimber per acre, or 50 times the average.

If we assume 2% growth and 1% maintenance after initial construction, we need 135 board feet per person/year or 3.5 acres per person to be sustainable. This does not count initial construction. This seems high, so there are several ways to reduce the number. Sawtimber only counts the parts of trees over 10 inches in diameter and 8-12 feet long, ie useful for commercial loggers. You can use more of the tree, or smaller trees. Average land is not "fully stocked", meaning having enough trees to fully use the light that falls on it. So selecting fully stocked land or planting additional trees can increase the growth. The vast majority of forest land is not fertilized like field crops. Trees respond to fertilizer like any other plant. Finally, a house can be built using less wood.

'''Crop Fields''' - Land primarily used for growing field crops. For estimating purposes the following chart can be used and compared to the calorie needs for the number of people. Field crops require a lot of land area, mechanization to grow efficiently, and is highly competitive in the developed world. So strong consideration to alternatives to having them be the primary internal food source should be made. Having said that, each person needs 876,000 kCal per year. Allowing for spoilage and waste, assume 1 million kCal harvested. The field crops in the chart below average 6 million kCal per acre, so if they provided all food calories (which is not nutritionally sound), then 1/6 acre per person would be required. The difference between that number and the 3 acres farmland per person in the US is due to variable land productivity, feeding some crops to animals, and not using 100% of land area for crops.

[[File:Staple Crop Yields.JPG]]

'''Pastures''' - Land used for grazing livestock or growing feed for them. The USDA Cooperative Extension service lists tables of acreage required in terms of "Animal Units" equal to one 1,000 lb cow, and land productivity in units of tons/year of dry matter, which is highly variable. The species listed are very limited (cows and sheep), so consider other animal food sources (chicken, fish, etc). Turning plant matter into meat is always inefficient, so consider minimizing meat use if diet preference and nutrition allows.

[[File:Animal Types for Forage.JPG]]

[[File:Acres for Animal Forage.JPG]]

'''Livestock Enclosures''' - Buildings and outdoor structures to contain and protect livestock.

'''Gardens''' - Land used for growing specialty plants on a smaller scale than fields

'''Orchards''' - Land used for growing trees that provide fruit

'''Greenhouses''' - Buildings for growing plants in a controlled environment

'''Quarries''' - Land used to extract soil, subsoil, rock, or specialty minerals

'''Residences''' - Buildings for people to live in when not working.

'''Storage Buildings''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Tool and Equipment Storage
: Parts and materials inventory
: Food storage

'''Workshop Buildings'''
: Metal Shop
: Wood Shop

'''Infrastructure''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Drainage and irrigation channels
: Water wells, outdoor ponds and dams
: Roads and parking
: Utility lines
: Power generation

===Links to Related Diagrams===

'''Higher Level:''' [[Functional Block Diagram F.0 Global Village System]]

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Functional Block Diagram F.4 Global Village Facilities

2011-05-25T12:08:31Z

DanielRavenNest:

===Diagrams===

(Note: This page is new, diagram is in work)

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

Facilities includes land, buildings, and outdoor modifications/additions. Generally items permanently attached to the ground are included as facilities. A device such as a wind turbine could also be counted as equipment, so the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. The important thing is to only list a given item in one place, and track the flows going in and out of it.

Total land required is based on the total number of people, what percentage of their needs the land will support, the productivity and geology of the land, and land needed for individual buildings and other facilities. An allowance for future expansion may be included. Not everything can be built at once, so time phased use of land should be considered. For example, an area may be used for an outdoor garden at first, and later converted to a more productive greenhouse. Mixed or multiple use land should also be considered, but the component area needs can be summed up by type.

For comparison, United States average values are 3 acres of farmland + 1.5 acres forest and resource land + 0.5 acres homestead = 5 acres/person total required. An optimized village design should use much less.

==Facilities Functions==

'''F4.1 Prepare Land for Use''' - This includes clearing, leveling, earth-moving, ditching, digging (for wells and posts), tilling, harrowing, extracting materials, adding materials.

'''F4.2 Provide Water''' - For drinking, watering plants, washing

'''F4.3 Provide Stationary Energy''' - This includes electric power, mechanical power (ie windmill direct drive), and process heating

'''F4.4 Grow Living Things''' - This includes seeding, transplanting, watering, fertilizing, harvesting, animal husbandry.

'''F4.5 Provide Human Shelter''' - This includes provide living volume, protection from water, wind, earth movement, animals, and insects, provide fresh air, and temperature control

'''F4.6 Provide Workspace''' - For indoor machines, assembly areas

'''F4.7 Provide Storage''' - For equipment, food, water, chemicals, raw materials, and wastes (recycling or final waste)

'''F4.8 Provide Human Comforts''' - This includes furniture, lighting, soundproofing, entertainment, and communications.

==Facilities Types==

Facility types carry out the above functions. A partial list of facility types and initial estimates for sizing are:

'''Managed Forest''' - Land primarily used for growing timber, but with other shared uses when possible. Standard home construction uses about 6 board-feet wood per square foot of floor area. Median US home size is 750 square feet per person. Total US timberland is 750 million acres, with 1 trillion board feet of commercial sawtimber volume (which is only 11% of total tree volume). Annual growth is 2.8% of volume, of which 100% can be sawtimber volume as smaller trees become large enough to use. Converting to per acre values gives 1333 board feet per acre, adding 38 board feet per year. These are highly variable numbers for any given piece of land. For example, mature (100 year old) forest can have over 60,000 board feet of sawtimber per acre, or 50 times the average.

If we assume 2% growth and 1% maintenance after initial construction, we need 135 board feet per person/year or 3.5 acres per person to be sustainable. This does not count initial construction. This seems high, so there are several ways to reduce the number. Sawtimber only counts the parts of trees over 10 inches in diameter and 8-12 feet long, ie useful for commercial loggers. You can use more of the tree, or smaller trees. Average land is not "fully stocked", meaning having enough trees to fully use the light that falls on it. So selecting fully stocked land or planting additional trees can increase the growth. The vast majority of forest land is not fertilized like field crops. Trees respond to fertilizer like any other plant. Finally, a house can be built using less wood.

'''Crop Fields''' - Land primarily used for growing field crops. For estimating purposes the following chart can be used and compared to the calorie needs for the number of people. Field crops require a lot of land area, mechanization to grow efficiently, and is highly competitive in the developed world. So strong consideration to alternatives to having them be the primary internal food source should be made. Having said that, each person needs 876,000 kCal per year. Allowing for spoilage and waste, assume 1 million kCal harvested. The field crops in the chart below average 6 million kCal per acre, so if they provided all food calories (which is not nutritionally sound), then 1/6 acre per person would be required. The difference between that number and the 3 acres farmland per person in the US is due to variable land productivity, feeding some crops to animals, and not using 100% of land area for crops.

[[File:Staple Crop Yields.JPG]]

'''Pastures''' - Land used for grazing livestock or growing feed for them. The USDA Cooperative Extension service lists tables of acreage required in terms of "Animal Units" equal to one 1,000 lb cow, and land productivity in units of tons/year of dry matter, which is highly variable. The species listed are very limited (cows and sheep), so consider other animal food sources (chicken, fish, etc). Turning plant matter into meat is always inefficient, so consider minimizing meat use if diet preference and nutrition allows.

[[File:Animal Types for Forage.JPG]]

[[File:Acres for Animal Forage.JPG]]

'''Gardens''' - Land used for growing specialty plants on a smaller scale than fields

'''Orchards''' - Land used for growing trees that provide fruit

'''Quarries''' - Land used to extract soil, subsoil, rock, or specialty minerals

'''Residences''' - Buildings for people to live in when not working.

'''Storage Buildings''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Tool and Equipment Storage
: Parts and materials inventory
: Food storage

'''Workshop Buildings'''
: Metal Shop
: Wood Shop

'''Infrastructure''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Drainage and irrigation channels
: Water wells
: Roads and parking
: Utility lines
: Power generation

===Links to Related Diagrams===

'''Higher Level:''' [[Functional Block Diagram F.0 Global Village System]]

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Functional Block Diagram F.4 Global Village Facilities

2011-05-25T12:06:12Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Facilities Functions */

===Diagrams===

(Note: This page is new, diagram is in work)

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

Facilities includes land, buildings, and outdoor modifications/additions. Generally items permanently attached to the ground are included as facilities. A device such as a wind turbine could also be counted as equipment, so the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. The important thing is to only list a given item in one place, and track the flows going in and out of it.

Total land required is based on the total number of people, what percentage of their needs the land will support, the productivity and geology of the land, and land needed for individual buildings and other facilities. An allowance for future expansion may be included. Not everything can be built at once, so time phased use of land should be considered. For example, an area may be used for an outdoor garden at first, and later converted to a more productive greenhouse. Mixed or multiple use land should also be considered, but the component area needs can be summed up by type.

For comparison, United States average values are 3 acres of farmland + 1.5 acres forest and resource land + 0.5 acres homestead = 5 acres/person total required. An optimized village design should use much less.

==Facilities Types==

A partial list of facility types and initial estimates for sizing are:

'''Managed Forest''' - Land primarily used for growing timber, but with other shared uses when possible. Standard home construction uses about 6 board-feet wood per square foot of floor area. Median US home size is 750 square feet per person. Total US timberland is 750 million acres, with 1 trillion board feet of commercial sawtimber volume (which is only 11% of total tree volume). Annual growth is 2.8% of volume, of which 100% can be sawtimber volume as smaller trees become large enough to use. Converting to per acre values gives 1333 board feet per acre, adding 38 board feet per year. These are highly variable numbers for any given piece of land. For example, mature (100 year old) forest can have over 60,000 board feet of sawtimber per acre, or 50 times the average.

If we assume 2% growth and 1% maintenance after initial construction, we need 135 board feet per person/year or 3.5 acres per person to be sustainable. This does not count initial construction. This seems high, so there are several ways to reduce the number. Sawtimber only counts the parts of trees over 10 inches in diameter and 8-12 feet long, ie useful for commercial loggers. You can use more of the tree, or smaller trees. Average land is not "fully stocked", meaning having enough trees to fully use the light that falls on it. So selecting fully stocked land or planting additional trees can increase the growth. The vast majority of forest land is not fertilized like field crops. Trees respond to fertilizer like any other plant. Finally, a house can be built using less wood.

'''Crop Fields''' - Land primarily used for growing field crops. For estimating purposes the following chart can be used and compared to the calorie needs for the number of people. Field crops require a lot of land area, mechanization to grow efficiently, and is highly competitive in the developed world. So strong consideration to alternatives to having them be the primary internal food source should be made. Having said that, each person needs 876,000 kCal per year. Allowing for spoilage and waste, assume 1 million kCal harvested. The field crops in the chart below average 6 million kCal per acre, so if they provided all food calories (which is not nutritionally sound), then 1/6 acre per person would be required. The difference between that number and the 3 acres farmland per person in the US is due to variable land productivity, feeding some crops to animals, and not using 100% of land area for crops.

[[File:Staple Crop Yields.JPG]]

'''Pastures''' - Land used for grazing livestock or growing feed for them. The USDA Cooperative Extension service lists tables of acreage required in terms of "Animal Units" equal to one 1,000 lb cow, and land productivity in units of tons/year of dry matter, which is highly variable. The species listed are very limited (cows and sheep), so consider other animal food sources (chicken, fish, etc). Turning plant matter into meat is always inefficient, so consider minimizing meat use if diet preference and nutrition allows.

[[File:Animal Types for Forage.JPG]]

[[File:Acres for Animal Forage.JPG]]

'''Gardens''' - Land used for growing specialty plants on a smaller scale than fields

'''Orchards''' - Land used for growing trees that provide fruit

'''Quarries''' - Land used to extract soil, subsoil, rock, or specialty minerals

'''Residences''' - Buildings for people to live in when not working.

'''Storage Buildings''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Tool and Equipment Storage
: Parts and materials inventory
: Food storage

'''Workshop Buildings'''
: Metal Shop
: Wood Shop

'''Infrastructure''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Drainage and irrigation channels
: Water wells
: Roads and parking
: Utility lines
: Power generation

==Facilities Functions==

'''F4.1 Prepare Land for Use''' - This includes clearing, leveling, earth-moving, ditching, digging (for wells and posts), tilling, harrowing, extracting materials, adding materials.

'''F4.2 Provide Water''' - For drinking, watering plants, washing

'''F4.3 Provide Stationary Energy''' - This includes electric power, mechanical power (ie windmill direct drive), and process heating

'''F4.4 Grow Living Things''' - This includes seeding, transplanting, watering, fertilizing, harvesting, animal husbandry.

'''F4.5 Provide Human Shelter''' - This includes provide living volume, protection from water, wind, earth movement, animals, and insects, provide fresh air, and temperature control

'''F4.6 Provide Workspace''' - For indoor machines, assembly areas

'''F4.7 Provide Storage''' - For equipment, food, water, chemicals, raw materials, and wastes (recycling or final waste)

'''F4.8 Provide Human Comforts''' - This includes furniture, lighting, soundproofing, entertainment, and communications.

===Links to Related Diagrams===

'''Higher Level:''' [[Functional Block Diagram F.0 Global Village System]]

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Functional Block Diagram F.3 Global Village Equipment

2011-05-22T11:43:40Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Description */

===Diagrams===

This diagram is in work.

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

This includes all the machines needed in all phases of the village project, such as the [[Global Village Construction Set]], other tools, parts, and materials. A given machine may have hardware, software, and supplies needed to operate it. Generally items permanently attached to the ground are included as facilities. A device such as a wind turbine could also be counted as equipment, so the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. The important thing is to only list a given item in one place, and track the flows going in and out of it.

The Equipment function outputs parts, materials, tools and machines outside itself, and also internally for it's own use. It takes those same categories as inputs, though not the same exact items. It also outputs status so that future tasks can be planned. It uses energy, human labor, production information such as drawings, and control software (if automated). As a side effect it outputs waste products that cannot be used elsewhere in the village project. This should be minimized by design, and possibly negative. For example, it could take scrap metal as an input, and output different scrap that cannot be used, but less in amount.

'''Provide Base Materials:'''
:- Provide earth products such as blocks, bricks, tile, gravel, raw cement, basalt fiber.
:- Provide wood products such as boards, timbers, laminated sheet, and stress panels
:- Provide metal products such as plate, bar, mesh, and wire
:- Provide plastic products
:- Provide glass products
:- Provide chemical products

'''Fabricate Parts:'''
:- Includes cutting, forming, welding, drilling, sanding, heat treating, and probably several more processes

'''Process Food:'''
:- Extract foods from harvest, such as mill grain, press oil
:- Prepare food for use, such as cutting, mixing, cooking,

'''Provide Transport:'''
:- Off-Road Transport, which includes tractor, loader, hitch, fork, wagon
:- Road Transport, which includes passenger and cargo
:- Water Transport

'''Provide Portable Power:'''
:- Hydraulic
:- Mechanical
:- Electric
:- Heating

===Links to Related Diagrams===

Higher Level: {To be done)

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Reference Data

2011-05-22T10:36:52Z

DanielRavenNest:

This page is a collection of general reference data useful for OSE projects. Preference is given to open source data that can be stored and shared freely, but other data can be referenced if it is a good source of information. Electronic versions are preferred, but a village project may want to acquire paper copies for a reference library.

==General Resources==

* '''[http://mitocw.udsm.ac.tz/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index.htm MIT Open Courseware]''' - Provides 1900 courses developed by MIT and available under Creative Commons license.

==Engineering==

The following copyrighted books are standard references in their fields. The oldest editions might be in the public domain. If not, try to find open source data that covers the same topics. Copies of the paper versions can be found in libraries or used.

* '''Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook''', 8th edition, by Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W. (Editors), McGraw-Hill, 2007. [http://www.amazon.com/Perrys-Chemical-Engineers-Handbook-Eighth/dp/0071422943/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1305387573&sr=8-1] $124.87
* '''Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers''', 11th edition, by Eugene Avallone, Theodore Baumeister, Ali Sadegh, McGraw-Hill, 2006. [http://www.amazon.com/Marks-Standard-Handbook-Mechanical-Engineers/dp/0071428674/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1305387531&sr=8-1] $159.92
:First edition was 1916 and should be public domain by now.
* '''[http://shop.chemical-publishing.com/category_s/25.htm The Chemical Formulary]''', 34 volumes, Chemical Publishing Company, 1933-1997.
:Contains formulas and recipes for all types of practical products.

The following books are old enough to likely be out of copyright, and thus in the public domain. On the other hand, being old, they may include obsolete or unsafe information. If you are unsure, check a modern reference to see if the information is still valid.

* '''Mechanical Engineer's Handbook''' 1922 Ed., Full view on Google Books [http://books.google.com/books?id=NxUHAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Mechanical+engineers%27+handbook&hl=en&ei=aqPOTc21IIfX0QH60tnsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CGMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false]
* '''Handbook for Mechanical Engineers''' 1891 Ed.,, Full view on Google Books [http://books.google.com/books?id=0q03AAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA33&dq=Mechanical+engineers%27+handbook&hl=en&ei=aqPOTc21IIfX0QH60tnsDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=2&ved=0CGsQ6wEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false]

See also [[Steam Engine Research/Books]].

==Manufacturing==

* [http://books.google.com/books?id=6x1smAf_PAcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=manufacturing+process+reference+guide&ei=hhgGS_T4EIqwNNOK1NkP&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=manufacturing%20process%20reference%20guide&f=false Manufacturing Reference Guide]

[[Category:RepLab]]

Functional Block Diagram F.4 Global Village Facilities

2011-05-19T15:17:09Z

DanielRavenNest: /* Description */

===Diagrams===

(Note: This page is new, diagram is in work)

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

Facilities includes land, buildings, and outdoor modifications/additions. Generally items permanently attached to the ground are included as facilities. A device such as a wind turbine could also be counted as equipment, so the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. The important thing is to only list a given item in one place, and track the flows going in and out of it.

Total land required is based on the total number of people, what percentage of their needs the land will support, the productivity and geology of the land, and land needed for individual buildings and other facilities. An allowance for future expansion may be included. Not everything can be built at once, so time phased use of land should be considered. For example, an area may be used for an outdoor garden at first, and later converted to a more productive greenhouse. Mixed or multiple use land should also be considered, but the component area needs can be summed up by type.

For comparison, United States average values are 3 acres of farmland + 1.5 acres forest and resource land + 0.5 acres homestead = 5 acres/person total required. An optimized village design should use much less.

==Facilities Types==

A partial list of facility types and initial estimates for sizing are:

'''Managed Forest''' - Land primarily used for growing timber, but with other shared uses when possible. Standard home construction uses about 6 board-feet wood per square foot of floor area. Median US home size is 750 square feet per person. Total US timberland is 750 million acres, with 1 trillion board feet of commercial sawtimber volume (which is only 11% of total tree volume). Annual growth is 2.8% of volume, of which 100% can be sawtimber volume as smaller trees become large enough to use. Converting to per acre values gives 1333 board feet per acre, adding 38 board feet per year. These are highly variable numbers for any given piece of land. For example, mature (100 year old) forest can have over 60,000 board feet of sawtimber per acre, or 50 times the average.

If we assume 2% growth and 1% maintenance after initial construction, we need 135 board feet per person/year or 3.5 acres per person to be sustainable. This does not count initial construction. This seems high, so there are several ways to reduce the number. Sawtimber only counts the parts of trees over 10 inches in diameter and 8-12 feet long, ie useful for commercial loggers. You can use more of the tree, or smaller trees. Average land is not "fully stocked", meaning having enough trees to fully use the light that falls on it. So selecting fully stocked land or planting additional trees can increase the growth. The vast majority of forest land is not fertilized like field crops. Trees respond to fertilizer like any other plant. Finally, a house can be built using less wood.

'''Crop Fields''' - Land primarily used for growing field crops. For estimating purposes the following chart can be used and compared to the calorie needs for the number of people. Field crops require a lot of land area, mechanization to grow efficiently, and is highly competitive in the developed world. So strong consideration to alternatives to having them be the primary internal food source should be made. Having said that, each person needs 876,000 kCal per year. Allowing for spoilage and waste, assume 1 million kCal harvested. The field crops in the chart below average 6 million kCal per acre, so if they provided all food calories (which is not nutritionally sound), then 1/6 acre per person would be required. The difference between that number and the 3 acres farmland per person in the US is due to variable land productivity, feeding some crops to animals, and not using 100% of land area for crops.

[[File:Staple Crop Yields.JPG]]

'''Pastures''' - Land used for grazing livestock or growing feed for them. The USDA Cooperative Extension service lists tables of acreage required in terms of "Animal Units" equal to one 1,000 lb cow, and land productivity in units of tons/year of dry matter, which is highly variable. The species listed are very limited (cows and sheep), so consider other animal food sources (chicken, fish, etc). Turning plant matter into meat is always inefficient, so consider minimizing meat use if diet preference and nutrition allows.

[[File:Animal Types for Forage.JPG]]

[[File:Acres for Animal Forage.JPG]]

'''Gardens''' - Land used for growing specialty plants on a smaller scale than fields

'''Orchards''' - Land used for growing trees that provide fruit

'''Quarries''' - Land used to extract soil, subsoil, rock, or specialty minerals

'''Residences''' - Buildings for people to live in when not working.

'''Storage Buildings''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Tool and Equipment Storage
: Parts and materials inventory
: Food storage

'''Workshop Buildings'''
: Metal Shop
: Wood Shop

'''Infrastructure''' - This includes various subtypes:
: Drainage and irrigation channels
: Water wells
: Roads and parking
: Utility lines
: Power generation

==Facilities Functions==

'''Prepare Land for Use''' - This includes clearing, leveling, earth-moving, ditching, digging (for wells and posts), tilling, harrowing, extracting materials, adding materials.

'''Grow Living Things''' - This includes seeding, transplanting, watering, fertilizing, harvesting, animal husbandry.

'''Provide Human Shelter''' - This includes provide living volume, protection from water, wind, earth movement, animals, and insects, provide fresh air, and temperature control

'''Provide Human Comforts''' - This includes furniture, lighting, soundproofing, entertainment, and communications.

'''Provide Storage''' - For equipment, food, water, chemicals, raw materials, and wastes (recycling or final waste)

'''Provide Workspace''' - For indoor machines, assembly areas

'''Provide Stationary Energy''' - This includes electric power, mechanical power (ie windmill direct drive), and process heating

'''Provide Water''' - For drinking, watering plants, washing

===Links to Related Diagrams===

'''Higher Level:''' [[Functional Block Diagram F.0 Global Village System]]

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Functional Block Diagram F.3 Global Village Equipment

2011-05-19T14:52:43Z

DanielRavenNest:

===Diagrams===

This diagram is in work.

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

This includes all the machines needed in all phases of the village project, such as the [[Global Village Construction Set]], other tools, parts, and materials. A given machine may have hardware, software, and supplies needed to operate it. Generally items permanently attached to the ground are included as facilities. A device such as a wind turbine could also be counted as equipment, so the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. The important thing is to only list a given item in one place, and track the flows going in and out of it.

The Equipment function outputs parts, materials, tools and machines outside itself, and also internally for it's own use. It takes those same categories as inputs, though not the same exact items. It also outputs status so that future tasks can be planned. It uses energy, human labor, production information such as drawings, and control software (if automated). As a side effect it outputs waste products that cannot be used elsewhere in the village project. This should be minimized by design, and possibly negative. For example, it could take scrap metal as an input, and output different scrap that cannot be used, but less in amount.

'''Provide Base Materials:'''
:- Provide earth products such as blocks, bricks, tile, gravel, raw cement, basalt fiber.
:- Provide wood products such as boards, timbers, laminated sheet, and stress panels
:- Provide metal products such as plate, bar, and wire
:- Provide plastic products
:- Provide glass products
:- Provide chemical products

'''Fabricate Parts:'''
:- Includes cutting, forming, welding, drilling, sanding, heat treating, and probably several more processes

'''Process Food:'''
:- Extract foods from harvest, such as mill grain, press oil
:- Prepare food for use, such as cutting, mixing, cooking,

'''Provide Transport:'''
:- Off-Road Transport, which includes tractor, loader, hitch, fork, wagon
:- Road Transport, which includes passenger and cargo
:- Water Transport

'''Provide Portable Power:'''
:- Hydraulic
:- Mechanical
:- Electric
:- Heating

===Links to Related Diagrams===

Higher Level: {To be done)

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Functional Block Diagram F.3 Global Village Equipment

2011-05-19T14:46:04Z

DanielRavenNest:

===Diagrams===

This diagram is in work.

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

This includes all the machines needed in all phases of the village project, such as the [[Global Village Construction Set]], other tools, parts, and materials. A given machine may have hardware, software, and supplies needed to operate it. Generally items permanently attached to the ground are included as facilities. A device such as a wind turbine could also be counted as equipment, so the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. The important thing is to only list a given item in one place, and track the flows going in and out of it.

The Equipment function outputs parts, materials, tools and machines outside itself, and also internally for it's own use. It takes those same categories as inputs, though not the same exact items. It also outputs status so that future tasks can be planned. It uses energy, human labor, production information such as drawings, and control software (if automated). As a side effect it outputs waste products that cannot be used elsewhere in the village project. This should be minimized by design, and possibly negative. For example, it could take scrap metal as an input, and output different scrap that cannot be used, but less in amount.

'''Provide Base Materials:'''
:- Provide earth products such as blocks, bricks, tile, gravel, raw cement, basalt fiber.
:- Provide wood products such as boards, timbers, laminated sheet, and stress panels
:- Provide metal products such as plate, bar, and wire
:- Provide plastic products
:- Provide glass products
:- Provide chemical products

'''Fabricate Parts:'''
:- Includes cutting, forming, welding, drilling, sanding, heat treating, and probably several more processes

'''Process Food:'''
:- Extract foods from harvest, such as mill grain, press oil
:- Prepare food for use, such as cutting, mixing, cooking

===Links to Related Diagrams===

Higher Level: {To be done)

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Functional Block Diagram F.3 Global Village Equipment

2011-05-17T12:57:39Z

DanielRavenNest:

Functional Block Diagram F.3 Global Village Equipment

2011-05-17T12:30:58Z

DanielRavenNest: Created page with "===Diagrams=== (Link to diagram media images) ===Notes=== (1) Put numbered notes aside from description here ===Description=== (Give description of functions and flows here)..."

===Diagrams===

(Link to diagram media images)

===Notes===

(1) Put numbered notes aside from description here

===Description===

(Give description of functions and flows here)

===Links to Related Diagrams===

Higher Level: {To be done)

Inputs: (To be done)

Outputs: (To be done)

Controls: (To be done)

Mechanisms: (To be done)

===Comments===

===Analysis and Design Links===

===Other Links===

[[Category: Functional Block Diagrams]]

Talk:Micro Sawmill

2011-05-16T18:12:57Z

DanielRavenNest:

Good. Are you considering a Dimensional Sawmill like we are? Email me if you'd like to manage the project - Marcin.

-----

I love this idea. While the [[Sawmill]] is also of interest, I really like the lo-tek approach to mechanizing a simple bow saw. Bow saw blades are very in expensive and are available in a variety of tooth count, size, shape, etc. Granted it would be substantially slower than a circular or band saw design, but in many cases, that just doesn't matter. I also think that this design is FAR safer to operate than either the circular or band saws. Finally, instead of an electric motor, we can use a hydraulic motor and drive it off of a power cube (or better still, the steam engine. - [[Mark J Norton]]

: * The power cube is an entirely different power scale (40 hp) vs 0.1-0.5 hp for this sawmill. A reciprocating design this size would be torn apart by an engine that powerful. [[User:DanielRavenNest|DanielRavenNest]] 11:12, 16 May 2011 (PDT)