Open Source Ecology - User contributions [en]

Polyethylene from Ethanol

2018-11-30T00:49:08Z

Daniele Pugliesi: /* Conceptual Design */

{{Category=Bioplastics}}
{{OrigLang}}
{{GVCS Header}}

==Introduction: Polyethylene==
Polyethylene (PE) is a polymer of long chains derived from the monomer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene ethylene] (IUPAC name "''ethene''"). It is one of the world’s most common plastics, with a wide range of uses and over 60 million tons produced worldwide every year. Several different categories exist, based on density and branching. Common types are high-density PE ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDPE HDPE]; plastic # 2) and low-density PE ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene LDPE]; plastic # 4). Polyethylene is not biodegradable, therefore significant environmental issues are associated with its use. Recycling of PE is relatively straightforward. When disposables are involved, every effort should be made to replace PE with biodegradable alternatives. However, resistance to biodegradation can also be a desired effect for some applications. For example, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomembranes geomembranes] are often made of HDPE and are widely used as liners for fish ponds, constructed wetlands and biogas digesters. Its resistance to degradation also warrants its use in the natural gas industry in transporting natural gas underground in high density PE pipes. Excellent chemical resistance of PE allows for widespread use in storage applications. PE is also useful as a material for digital fabrication. It can be used in the [[RepRap]] 3D printer.

==Polyethylene from ethanol two step conversion==
[[File:Ethanol2Ethene.jpg|right|250px]]Ethene is a very simple two-carbon organic molecule (C2H4) that does not have to be derived from petroleum. In fact, it can easily be [http://www.google.com/patents?id=SWg4AAAAEBAJ&dq=4134926 produced from ethanol] in a dehydration reaction. This has been known for many decades, but was not cost-competitive at low oil prices. Recently, a Brazilan-Japanese joint venture announced the "Green Polyethylene Project", with sugarcane as the feedstock. Commercial-scale introduction of this "BIO-polyethylene" is planned for 2011. We welcome PE to the club of bioplastics and believe that small-scale production from ethanol can be made practical.

Dehydration of ethanol seems fairly simple to do with an [http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alcohols/dehydration.html aluminum oxide catalyst]. This method is well suited to small batches and could be easily scaled up to larger batch sizes. It sounds fairly easy to test out. They don't mention the required temperature but it has to be lower than the ignition point of ethanol(~362°C). If we want food-independent ethylene production, especially for larger scale use, we could go from carbon dioxide and water to syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and then finally to ethylene [http://spot.colorado.edu/~meyertr/rwgs/rwgs.html]. This [https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2007/sunshine.html] may be useful for producing the syngas.using a fluid bed reactor or recently in a microreactor. The production of a distillation chamber capable of lowering pressure may also benefit the aluminum refining process. Aluminum is a favored catalyst for ethanol dehydration to ethylene but additional compounds such as transition metals increase yield and selectivity while other zeolite catalysts have also been described (Chen et al.).

Polymerization of ethylene is an exothermic reaction with multiple generations of catalysts. Phosphoric acid is the earliest catalyst under high pressure and temperature. Zeolite initially of silicates and then other matrices made the second generation of catalysts and still operated under elevated pressures and temperature. The third and currently evolving class of catalysts are known as Ziegler-Natta catalyst use an activator molecule of the (Al)C2H5n organoaluminum cocatalyst or methylaluminoxane and a titanium catalyst (TiCl3 or TiCl4 etc).

There are a number of steps involved in polyethylene production from a biotic feedstock; selection of a feedstock, construction of open source fermentors, purification equipment, and fluid bed reactors, along with methods of measuring yield and quality of each step will be require bringing a diverse background of knowledge together.

==Status Brief==
Almost all PE today is derived from petroleum. In a very energy-intensive process, a petroleum feedstock is cracked at high temperatures. After distillation and purification in large, capital-intensive facilities, ethylene is produced. This is then polymerized to polyethylene, a process that again involves high temperatures, high pressures and often toxic organic solvents. Clearly not an ideal situation.

An OSE project to replace this process with a constructive route from organic feedstocks rather than degradative oil based processes is currently in the research and development phase. The process is being developed [[Extreme Manufacturing]] system and according to OSE guidelines. A literature review on [[Polyethylene from Ethanol/Research Development]] details the major steps of the process, technologies employed, and applicable details to an OSE standard. Scrum project management will be a used if a team comes together or an individual wants to take on a project.

Completed work: system process reviewed, OSE concept, SEBD preliminary, catalysts reviewed, 1st generation catalysts proposed, preliminary reactor protocols outlined.

==Documentation Brief==
A thorough review of the process of creating polyethylene from ethanol is underway on [[Polyethylene from Ethanol/Research Development]]. Catalysts for the two-step process have been reviewed and an OSE protocol derived. Assistance is needed summarize unreviewed literature and provide summaries of important information. An examination of the processes full product (substrate and catalysts) ecology is needed and proposals for import replacements for petroleum derived substrates investigated and proposed. A thorough review of the operation of an [[Fluidized_bed_reactor#FBR_for_bioplastic_production | FBR]] applied to the proposal is needed.

==Current Challenge==
Current blockages to further development include review by a subject matter expert to evaluate and critique the current proposal. Help from interested parties with technical review and people is needed to work on [[Ethanol | substrate production]] and [[Polyethylene_from_Ethanol/Research_Development#High_purity_ethylene_product_purification | purification]], and [[Polyethylene_from_Ethanol/Bill_of_Materials | sourcing information for catalysts]]. Expertise in fluid mechanics is needed for the [[Fluidized_bed_reactor#Prototype_1 | reactor]] design. Graphic design or CAD of the system would be a big benefit to many aspects of the proposal. Development work for applications, specifically greenhouse coverings is needed.

==System Engineering Breakdown Diagram==

[[File:Preliminary polyethylene SEBD (2).png | center | 300 pixels]]

[[File:Detailed_Fluidized_bed_reactor_for_ethylene_production.jpg|300px| Component configuration for ethanol dehydration to ethylene]]
[[File:Detailed_fluidized_bed_reactor_for_polyethylene_polymerization.jpg|300px| Component configuration for ethylene polymerization]]

== Process design ==

===Design Rationale===
The design rationale for the OSE agroecological approach is based upon OSE standards. The process design is meant to produce a needed product ecology using local feedstocks. By starting with high purity substrate and selective catalysts purification steps can be minimized and the process conducted on a small scale. A fluid bed reactor is a key piece of hardware that is used by the industry due to its superior performance. An OSE reactor is designed to be reconfigurable to a number of processes and be of appropriate scale.

Producing polyethylene from locally produced base materials and open source hardware will require the production of high purity molecules and machines capable of conversion at high efficiency and selectivity. The project can be broken down based on producing high quality substrates: ethanol, ethylene, and polyethylene. The tasks need to be further divided into catalyst selection, hardware components, and substrate requirements to be worked on separately as part of the scrum process. Dehydration of ethanol to ethylene, will be the first goal of the project as it has the largest value margin between substrate and product and the catalyst requirements are within the scope of OSE's currently proposed product ecology.

Starting with commodity ethanol will allow OSE to apply itself to an area where the open source information and demonstration is lacking. Reactor and catalysts are selected based upon demonstrated and easily available chemicals and could open a new sector to open source entrepnuers. Demonstration of a few base applications thermomolding and greenhouse glazing will allow incremental development. Production of feedstock will be conducted as part of an integrated plant at FeF and fermentation and purification technology built to utilize it.

Tools including catalysts and process control should be developed to be multipurpose and modular. Development of multiple uses at once will maintain that focus. The [[aluminosilicate chemistry]] learned from this process may allow other products.

===Information architecture===

===Conceptual Design===
1. Dehydration of ethanol using a catalyst and fluid bed reactor. 
A. Selecting a catalyst. AlO3 can be utilized as an initial catalyst after production by the aluminium extractor. A base wash with KOH or NaOH can be used to increase the specificity of catalyst. Improvements to the catalyst can be incrementally made as OSE technology becomes available. The current proposal calls for a AlO3 doped with TiO2, a demonstrated highly efficient and selective catalyst. 
B. Constructing a reactor chamber capable of mixing the catalyst and substrates under optimal conditions. The reactor chamber must allow control over temperature, pressure, addition and removal of catalyst, control of feedrate and interaction time of substrate, and separation of production and should incorporate features that allow easy reconfiguration and recycling of catalysts, solvents, and unconverted substrate. 
C. A three phase temperature (50, 0, -70 °C) fractionation condenser will be used to remove byproducts, unreacted substrate, and inert gas, producing high purity ethylene suitable for polymerization. 
D. Methods for measurement of ethylene yield and purity must be further investigated (maybe using spectroscopic methods).

2. Polymerization of polyethylene from ethylene using Ziegler-Natta catalyst and fluid bed reactor. 
A. Selection of a components of catalyst for polymerization: triethylalumina, Ti/Mg Cl, electron donating solvent. 
B. Optimal configuration of reactor for polyethylene polymerization. 
C. Measurement of PE yield and purity. 
D. Ability to pass newly formed polyethylene to an extruder or storing as pellets for future extrusion. 
E. Investigate production of other polymers such as polyethylene vinyl acetate (for greenhouse materials).

3. Extrusion to final product 
A. Identify most desirable products for OSE product ecology and research optimal extrusion processes. Materials for greenhouses or windows are a high priority as mentioned by Marcin and this application could be the first aim. Identify ways to maximize translucence, increase UV resistance and filtering, and maximize material use with strength and durability (film versus panels). 
B. Value adding processes such as tensile polymer incorporation or shaping into useful products.

4. Production of ethanol on-site from sorghum utilizing yeast fermentation. 
A. Selection of yeast and/or bacterial strains that are optimal for sorghum fermentation and finding their optimal conditions. 
B. Construction of fermentation equipment. 
C. Construction of distillation equipment capable of operating under vacuum, which could possibly be attached to fermentation chamber. 
D. Method for measuring alcohol purity.
Measuring specific gravity is means of getting a rough estimating ethanol yield and with internal improvements can achieve higher accuracy. Measurements against as internal standard and a pure ethanol standard can improve hydrometers accuracy.

===Specifications===
Conformity to OSE specifications and eventual use of entirely locally produced components.

Ability to produce high and low density polymers for use in thermomolding in injection, die, and blow molding.

Later ability to incorporate comonomers.

===Interface design===

===Safety Concerns===

Both ethanol and ethene are flammable, so be careful to ensure against vapor ignition. Initial runs should be done in small batch sizes to ensure greater safety. Ethanol is toxic to the liver but poisoning symptoms should be obvious. Ethylene gas is highly flammable and should be kept away from any source of sparks or static electricity. Technicians running this process should wear a lab coat, eye protection and gloves. A thermal and impact jacket will be a modular piece of the reactor design. A secondary firebrick jacket will be used for this application and can incorporate venting to prevent buildup of dangerous gases.

Polyethylene from Ethanol

2018-11-30T00:47:21Z

Daniele Pugliesi:

{{Category=Bioplastics}}
{{OrigLang}}
{{GVCS Header}}

==Introduction: Polyethylene==
Polyethylene (PE) is a polymer of long chains derived from the monomer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene ethylene] (IUPAC name "''ethene''"). It is one of the world’s most common plastics, with a wide range of uses and over 60 million tons produced worldwide every year. Several different categories exist, based on density and branching. Common types are high-density PE ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDPE HDPE]; plastic # 2) and low-density PE ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene LDPE]; plastic # 4). Polyethylene is not biodegradable, therefore significant environmental issues are associated with its use. Recycling of PE is relatively straightforward. When disposables are involved, every effort should be made to replace PE with biodegradable alternatives. However, resistance to biodegradation can also be a desired effect for some applications. For example, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomembranes geomembranes] are often made of HDPE and are widely used as liners for fish ponds, constructed wetlands and biogas digesters. Its resistance to degradation also warrants its use in the natural gas industry in transporting natural gas underground in high density PE pipes. Excellent chemical resistance of PE allows for widespread use in storage applications. PE is also useful as a material for digital fabrication. It can be used in the [[RepRap]] 3D printer.

==Polyethylene from ethanol two step conversion==
[[File:Ethanol2Ethene.jpg|right|250px]]Ethene is a very simple two-carbon organic molecule (C2H4) that does not have to be derived from petroleum. In fact, it can easily be [http://www.google.com/patents?id=SWg4AAAAEBAJ&dq=4134926 produced from ethanol] in a dehydration reaction. This has been known for many decades, but was not cost-competitive at low oil prices. Recently, a Brazilan-Japanese joint venture announced the "Green Polyethylene Project", with sugarcane as the feedstock. Commercial-scale introduction of this "BIO-polyethylene" is planned for 2011. We welcome PE to the club of bioplastics and believe that small-scale production from ethanol can be made practical.

Dehydration of ethanol seems fairly simple to do with an [http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/alcohols/dehydration.html aluminum oxide catalyst]. This method is well suited to small batches and could be easily scaled up to larger batch sizes. It sounds fairly easy to test out. They don't mention the required temperature but it has to be lower than the ignition point of ethanol(~362°C). If we want food-independent ethylene production, especially for larger scale use, we could go from carbon dioxide and water to syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and then finally to ethylene [http://spot.colorado.edu/~meyertr/rwgs/rwgs.html]. This [https://share.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2007/sunshine.html] may be useful for producing the syngas.using a fluid bed reactor or recently in a microreactor. The production of a distillation chamber capable of lowering pressure may also benefit the aluminum refining process. Aluminum is a favored catalyst for ethanol dehydration to ethylene but additional compounds such as transition metals increase yield and selectivity while other zeolite catalysts have also been described (Chen et al.).

Polymerization of ethylene is an exothermic reaction with multiple generations of catalysts. Phosphoric acid is the earliest catalyst under high pressure and temperature. Zeolite initially of silicates and then other matrices made the second generation of catalysts and still operated under elevated pressures and temperature. The third and currently evolving class of catalysts are known as Ziegler-Natta catalyst use an activator molecule of the (Al)C2H5n organoaluminum cocatalyst or methylaluminoxane and a titanium catalyst (TiCl3 or TiCl4 etc).

There are a number of steps involved in polyethylene production from a biotic feedstock; selection of a feedstock, construction of open source fermentors, purification equipment, and fluid bed reactors, along with methods of measuring yield and quality of each step will be require bringing a diverse background of knowledge together.

==Status Brief==
Almost all PE today is derived from petroleum. In a very energy-intensive process, a petroleum feedstock is cracked at high temperatures. After distillation and purification in large, capital-intensive facilities, ethylene is produced. This is then polymerized to polyethylene, a process that again involves high temperatures, high pressures and often toxic organic solvents. Clearly not an ideal situation.

An OSE project to replace this process with a constructive route from organic feedstocks rather than degradative oil based processes is currently in the research and development phase. The process is being developed [[Extreme Manufacturing]] system and according to OSE guidelines. A literature review on [[Polyethylene from Ethanol/Research Development]] details the major steps of the process, technologies employed, and applicable details to an OSE standard. Scrum project management will be a used if a team comes together or an individual wants to take on a project.

Completed work: system process reviewed, OSE concept, SEBD preliminary, catalysts reviewed, 1st generation catalysts proposed, preliminary reactor protocols outlined.

==Documentation Brief==
A thorough review of the process of creating polyethylene from ethanol is underway on [[Polyethylene from Ethanol/Research Development]]. Catalysts for the two-step process have been reviewed and an OSE protocol derived. Assistance is needed summarize unreviewed literature and provide summaries of important information. An examination of the processes full product (substrate and catalysts) ecology is needed and proposals for import replacements for petroleum derived substrates investigated and proposed. A thorough review of the operation of an [[Fluidized_bed_reactor#FBR_for_bioplastic_production | FBR]] applied to the proposal is needed.

==Current Challenge==
Current blockages to further development include review by a subject matter expert to evaluate and critique the current proposal. Help from interested parties with technical review and people is needed to work on [[Ethanol | substrate production]] and [[Polyethylene_from_Ethanol/Research_Development#High_purity_ethylene_product_purification | purification]], and [[Polyethylene_from_Ethanol/Bill_of_Materials | sourcing information for catalysts]]. Expertise in fluid mechanics is needed for the [[Fluidized_bed_reactor#Prototype_1 | reactor]] design. Graphic design or CAD of the system would be a big benefit to many aspects of the proposal. Development work for applications, specifically greenhouse coverings is needed.

==System Engineering Breakdown Diagram==

[[File:Preliminary polyethylene SEBD (2).png | center | 300 pixels]]

[[File:Detailed_Fluidized_bed_reactor_for_ethylene_production.jpg|300px| Component configuration for ethanol dehydration to ethylene]]
[[File:Detailed_fluidized_bed_reactor_for_polyethylene_polymerization.jpg|300px| Component configuration for ethylene polymerization]]

== Process design ==

===Design Rationale===
The design rationale for the OSE agroecological approach is based upon OSE standards. The process design is meant to produce a needed product ecology using local feedstocks. By starting with high purity substrate and selective catalysts purification steps can be minimized and the process conducted on a small scale. A fluid bed reactor is a key piece of hardware that is used by the industry due to its superior performance. An OSE reactor is designed to be reconfigurable to a number of processes and be of appropriate scale.

Producing polyethylene from locally produced base materials and open source hardware will require the production of high purity molecules and machines capable of conversion at high efficiency and selectivity. The project can be broken down based on producing high quality substrates: ethanol, ethylene, and polyethylene. The tasks need to be further divided into catalyst selection, hardware components, and substrate requirements to be worked on separately as part of the scrum process. Dehydration of ethanol to ethylene, will be the first goal of the project as it has the largest value margin between substrate and product and the catalyst requirements are within the scope of OSE's currently proposed product ecology.

Starting with commodity ethanol will allow OSE to apply itself to an area where the open source information and demonstration is lacking. Reactor and catalysts are selected based upon demonstrated and easily available chemicals and could open a new sector to open source entrepnuers. Demonstration of a few base applications thermomolding and greenhouse glazing will allow incremental development. Production of feedstock will be conducted as part of an integrated plant at FeF and fermentation and purification technology built to utilize it.

Tools including catalysts and process control should be developed to be multipurpose and modular. Development of multiple uses at once will maintain that focus. The [[aluminosilicate chemistry]] learned from this process may allow other products.

===Information architecture===

===Conceptual Design===
1. Dehydration of ethanol using a catalyst and fluid bed reactor.
A. Selecting a catalyst. AlO3 can be utilized as an initial catalyst after production by the aluminium extractor. A base wash with KOH or NaOH can be used to increase the specificity of catalyst. Improvements to the catalyst can be incrementally made as OSE technology becomes available. The current proposal calls for a AlO3 doped with TiO2, a demonstrated highly efficient and selective catalyst.
B. Constructing a reactor chamber capable of mixing the catalyst and substrates under optimal conditions. The reactor chamber must allow control over temperature, pressure, addition and removal of catalyst, control of feedrate and interaction time of substrate, and separation of production and should incorporate features that allow easy reconfiguration and recycling of catalysts, solvents, and unconverted substrate.
C. A three phase temperature (50, 0, -70 °C) fractionation condenser will be used to remove byproducts, unreacted substrate, and inert gas, producing high purity ethylene suitable for polymerization.
D. Methods for measurement of ethylene yield and purity must be further investigated (maybe using spectroscopic methods).

2. Polymerization of polyethylene from ethylene using Ziegler-Natta catalyst and fluid bed reactor.
A. Selection of a components of catalyst for polymerization: triethylalumina, Ti/Mg Cl, electron donating solvent.
B. Optimal configuration of reactor for polyethylene polymerization.
C. Measurement of PE yield and purity.
D. Ability to pass newly formed polyethylene to an extruder or storing as pellets for future extrusion.
E. Investigate production of other polymers such as polyethylene vinyl acetate (for greenhouse materials).

3.Extrusion to final product
A. Identify most desirable products for OSE product ecology and research optimal extrusion processes. Materials for greenhouses or windows are a high priority as mentioned by Marcin and this application could be the first aim. Identify ways to maximize translucence, increase UV resistance and filtering, and maximize material use with strength and durability (film versus panels)
B. Value adding processes such as tensile polymer incorporation or shaping into useful products.

4. Production of ethanol on-site from sorghum utilizing yeast fermentation.
A. Selection of yeast and/or bacterial strains that are optimal for sorghum fermentation and finding their optimal conditions.
B. Construction of fermentation equipment.
C. Construction of distillation equipment capable of operating under vacuum, which could possibly be attached to fermentation chamber.
D. Method for measuring alcohol purity.
Measuring specific gravity is means of getting a rough estimating ethanol yield and with internal improvements can achieve higher accuracy. Measurements against as internal standard and a pure ethanol standard can improve hydrometers accuracy.

===Specifications===
Conformity to OSE specifications and eventual use of entirely locally produced components.

Ability to produce high and low density polymers for use in thermomolding in injection, die, and blow molding.

Later ability to incorporate comonomers.

===Interface design===

===Safety Concerns===

Both ethanol and ethene are flammable, so be careful to ensure against vapor ignition. Initial runs should be done in small batch sizes to ensure greater safety. Ethanol is toxic to the liver but poisoning symptoms should be obvious. Ethylene gas is highly flammable and should be kept away from any source of sparks or static electricity. Technicians running this process should wear a lab coat, eye protection and gloves. A thermal and impact jacket will be a modular piece of the reactor design. A secondary firebrick jacket will be used for this application and can incorporate venting to prevent buildup of dangerous gases.

CEB Press/it

2018-11-19T02:20:41Z

Daniele Pugliesi: /* Panoramica */

{{Lang|Pressa CEB (CEB Press)}}

<html><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/49864277" width="500" height="281" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen></iframe> <a href="http://vimeo.com/49864277">La storia di CEB 2012.</a> Da <a href="http://vimeo.com/opensourceecology">Open Source Ecology</a> su <a href="http://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</html>

{{GVCS Header}}

=Panoramica=
[[File:Liberator_bricks.JPG|right|400px|thumb|Mattoni pressati con [[The Liberator|il liberatore]]]]
Il Liberatore è il soprannome di un'automazione di OSE ad alto rendimento per produrre mattoni in terra pressata (in inglese CEB Press, Compressed Earth Brick Press). Prende il nome ''Il Liberatore'', perché è destinato a rendere le persone libere da ciò maggiormente influisce sui costi della vita: l'abitazione. Vedere {{LinkLang|Cost of Living|costo della vita}} e la {{LinkLang|GVCS Naming Convention|convenzione nei nomi}} del GVCS .

La [[CEB Press]] prende terra/polvere/suolo e comprime saldamente per farne blocchi solidi utili alla costruzione. I blocchi di terra compressa hanno molti vantaggi come materiale da costruzione: producono i materiali da costruzione dalla polvere facilmente disponibile in cantiere, eliminano la necessità di trasportare i mattoni da un'altra parte, riducendo i costi finanziari e l'impatto ambientale. I blocchi di terra compressa sono molto forti e sono buoni isolanti termici e acustici, rendendo un edificio ad alta efficienza energetica (in particolare in combinazione con i risparmi energetici per non aver bisogno di trasportarli da fuori sede). Ma Soprattutto, il materiale che usano è già sul posto ed è, letteralmente, a buon prezzo non avendo bisogno di essere acquistato. Vedere la pagina wiki sui {{LinkLang|Compressed Earth Blocks|mattoni in terra compressa}} e la {{LinkLang|CEB category|categoria CEB}} per maggiori dettagli sulla costruzione utilizzando CEB.

Il Liberatore è stato completamente progettato e testato dal team [[Open Source Ecology]]. Siccome è una tecnologia open source, si possono liberamente scaricare le istruzioni per costruirne uno partendo dai materiali realizzandolo in proprio, oppure contattare opensourceecology [at] gmail [dot] com per acquistare un kit di una macchina finita.

Costruire una macchina da soli potrebbe sembrare complicato, ma ogni fase del processo è completamente documentato e la comunità OSE è disponibile sul nostro [http://forum.opensourceecology.org/ forum di discussione], se hai bisogno di aiuto, consigli, o di una mano.

Utilizzando la CEB Press, due persone possono costruire una parete tonda alta 6 piedi (1,83 m), del diametro di 20 piedi (6,1 m), spessa 1 piede (30 centimetri), in una giornata di 8 ore, anche se il tempo di costruzione varia leggermente a seconda del tempo di preparazione, di quali attrezzature siano disponibili (es. un trattore per preparare il terreno e spostare i blocchi nel punto di utilizzo), la qualità del suolo e di altri fattori. Più grande è la dimensione del blocco, più velocemente un muro può essere eretto, ma come contropartita saranno più pesanti e scomodi da manovrare. I mattoni prodotti con ''Il Liberatore'' pesano mediamente 25 libbre (11,3 kg).

Vedere {{CEB Design!Progettazione CEB}} per ulteriori informazioni.

[[File:Machine.jpg|right|400px|thumb|CEB Press (aka "Il Liberatore")]]

=Assemblaggio=

<html><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/57424944?color=ffffff" width="500" height="281" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen mozallowfullscreen allowFullScreen></iframe> <a href="http://vimeo.com/57424944">Assemblaggio del Liberatore v4 partendo da zero</a> da <a href="http://vimeo.com/opensourceecology">Open Source Ecology</a> su <a href="http://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</html>

=Ecosistema dei prodotti=

[[Image:4b-Constructioneco.png|thumb|600px|center|Construction [[Ecosistema dei prodotti]]]]

{{Product Ecology
|Product={{CEB_Press}}
|From=
*{{Furnace}}
*{{Welder}}
*{{Torch Table}}
*{{Ironworker}}

|Uses=
*{{PowerCube}}
*{{Tractor}}
*[[Earth]]

|Creates=
*[[CEB Bricks]]

|Enables=
*[[Workshop]]
*[[Greenhouse]]
*[[HabLab]]

|Componenti=
*Hopper
*Grate
*Hopper shaker
*Frame
*Compression chamber
*Hydraulic Cylinders
*Solenoid controller
*Soil Drawer
*[[Controller Box]]
}}

=Status=
*Prototype IV built in a [[Collaborative Production Run]].
[[Image:creationreplication.jpg|thumb|James Slades' first independent replication of the CEB Press in process as of Sep. 2, 2011. Welding the soil loading drawer.]]
*Currently the CEB is at product release status and is being actively manufactured at Factor e Farm and in Texas. The presses will be used heavily as a part of the [[Factor e Farm Infrastructure Buildout 2011]].
*The CEB documentation is being actively upgraded to meet [[Fabrication_Procedure_Standards]] with the goal of serving as a reference implementation for [[GVCS]] documentation.
*Eventually the [[CNC Torch Table|torch table]] will be used to automate the fabrication of the CEB machine, reducing fabrication time by an estimated 20 hours and, thus, the cost to build the machine.
*The first independent replication is in process as of Sep. 2, 2011, by [[James Slade]] and Jason Smith in Texas.
* [[CEB 4 design planning]]
* [[CEB Press V]]

=Voci correlate=
*[[CEB Design]]
*[[Compressed Earth Blocks]]
*[[Cinva Ram]]
*[[CEB_FAQ]]
*[[CEB Press/Rollers]]
*[[CEB Press/ModularRollers]]
*[[Hablab]]
*[[Metric CEB Press]]
*[[CEB Press/Field Testing 2011|Field Testing 2011]]
*[[CEB Press/Videos]]

{{GVCS Footer}}

Heat Exchanger

2018-11-19T02:08:48Z

Daniele Pugliesi: the term "heat energy" does not exist (heat = transferred thermal energy)

{{OrigLang}}

{{GVCS Header}}

Last updated Sep, 2015. See [[Heat Exchanger Development]] for current work.

=Overview=

[[Image:Steam_Generator.png|thumb|400px|Steam Generator]]

The '''Steam Generator''' is a device used to create steam by applying thermal energy to water.

==Details==
It can be used to power devices such as [[steam engines]] and [[steam turbines]]. Both of these machines convert expanding steam into rotational power, power that can be used to drive other GVCS tools or generate electric power. Excess or vented steam can also be used to heat a home or greenhouse.

'''Steam Generator Pages'''
* [[Steam Engine Design/Boiler]]
* [[Flash Steam Generator]]
* [[CHP Stove Heat Exchanger]]
* [[Solar Concentrators]]
** [[Solar Concentrator Tracking]]
** [[Solar Concentrator Resources]]
** [[Solar Concentrator Links]]
** [[Solar Concentrator Reviews]]
** [[Solar Concentrator Resource Map]]
** [[Solar Concentrator Red Pages]]

==Product Ecology==
[[File:Steam-Engine-Product-Ecology.png|600px|right]]

{{Product Ecology
|Product = {{Steam Generator}}

|From=
*{{Induction Furnace}}
*[[Steel]]

|Uses=
*[[Water]]

|Creates=
*[[Steam]]

|Enables=
*{{Steam Engine}}
*{{Power Cube}}
*[[Solar Turbine]]
*[[Greenhouse]]

|Components=
*Tubes
*[[Turbine]]

}}

==Status==
The Steam Generator is currently the [[Steam Generator/Research Development|Research Phase of Product Development.]]

==See Also==
* [[Geo-thermal Power]]
* [[Natural Steam Sources]]

*[http://www.tinytechindia.com/steampowerplan.htm Tiny Tech India - Steam Generator]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler_(steam_generator) Wikipedia: Boiler Steam Generator]

[[Category:Solar Turbine]]
[[Category:GVCS]]
[[Category:Steam Generator]]

{{GVCS Footer}}

User talk:Marcin

2018-11-19T02:05:55Z

Daniele Pugliesi: /* Re:Welcome to Open Source Ecology! */ new section

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Dr. Jakubowski,
I was wondering if anyone had done any shallow core sampling on the farm to get a good idea what the native soil horizons look like, what minerals are in abundance, et cetera?[[User:James Clark|James Clark]] 12:24, 15 June 2011 (PDT)

hey marcin, do you know if there was a wiring diagram made for the CEB press control box? ive found most of the stuff about how to set it up but never could find instructions on which wire goes where. i started making one [https://docs0.google.com/drawings/edit?id=1Gyv9hAaBZEX9v2RqlvqABIL2TwA2QJOKixl63OoM93o&hl=en here] from the pictures ive seen but most of the smaller wires i cant figure out. i thought i'd ask now that im realizing im stuck. thanks -dorkmo

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hi marcin. is "Multimachine" going to be the formal wiki name of the "CNC Precision Multimachine"? --[[User:Syk0 saje|syk0saje]] 03:20, 3 May 2011 (PDT)
: The Official List and names is at our main website, opensourceecology.org. --Marcin

== Cad drawings ==

Marcin, I have just learned how to use BRL-CAD and can make CAD drawings full time for the near future. I made a 'first draft' of a design for the [[Well-drilling Rig]] and would like to work on either a preliminary design for another of the machines or make drawings of something like the tractor bucket or backhoe, etc. I want to work on something else in the next few days to weeks so that the community has time to comment on the well-drilling rig and after that time I can go back and make any revisions to that that the community comes up with. I would like to know what the most important item is that is not already being worked on by someone else. I had read that someone is working on CAD files for the tractor and that the torch table is cutting some of the pieces for it so that sounds like it is covered, does the liberator have CAD drawings, or are there things that need formal CAD drawings (rather than just blender mockups). -[[User:Andrew Buck|Andrew Buck]] 08:44, 18 May 2011 (PDT)

:Andrew - i added you to the CAD team. We have a number of people - and after the production run, we aim to leverage all this assistance to generate CAD for about 20 other devices - in which we'll need all the help we can get. We plan on then prototyping Sep 1-30 in the Factor e Farm Convergence (to be blogged). Spread the word on the forums, and let's keep building our CAD team - Marcin

:: I will do the survey and add myself to the relevant CAD team (thank you for pointing me to the CAD team by the way, I hadn't found it on the help pages). I would like to know what to be working on right now though. Of the 20 devices you plan to build in the next phase I would assume very few, if any have formal drawings made. Is there a place where the list is up that I can see what the 20 machines are, and are there some that you and the others on the farm think are particularly important to the next phase. I plan on doing this full time for the next few weeks and if I have to spend 3 days waiting around on forum replies, etc, it is 3 days I can't do anything productive. I plan to do the loader bucket, universal rotor (which I will try to make work with my well drilling rig), and the backhoe. If these sound good that's what I will do, but if there is something else needed for the next phase I would focus on that instead. Also, do you work in standard inches feet, etc in the shop or do you use meters, cm etc, or a mix of the two. The well drilling rig uses some of both systems as I wasn't sure what you typically worked with but if I know the preferred system it is easier to do that right from the get go. -[[User:Andrew Buck|Andrew Buck]] 09:14, 18 May 2011 (PDT)

:: I have added renderings of a couple of the models I finished so far. I have models for the [[Universal Rotor]] and the [[Backhoe]]. I have added a PNG version of a 2d sketch of the rotor (the wiki won't let me upload SVG files), if you or someone else on the farm there could add dimensions to it as indicated in the note that would be cool. The dimensions it has now should be reasonably close to the one you have there but it would be nice to have an accurate model for discussion of changes to be made before the next prototype. I plan to keep modeling, but am running out of ideas of things to work on until I do the second drafts of these models, any suggestions on where to go next would be appreciated. -[[User:Andrew Buck|Andrew Buck]] 22:09, 19 May 2011 (PDT)
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== Wikinames/solid GVCS list ==

Hi Marcin, can you please confirm the [[Wikinames | list]] here to ensure that all 50 machines are accounted for? I am updating the [[Template:GVCS List | hierarchy tree]] on the [[Main Page]] so we can all be working on the same GVCS tools and keep them straight. [[User:Ryan Lutz|Ryan Lutz]] 01:51, 24 July 2011 (CEST)

== moved from personal page ==

Marcin, when you are creating new pages, please put them in [[Template:Listofcategories|standard categories]] using Elifarley's [http://forum.opensourceecology.org/discussion/95/new-wiki-template-for-breadcrumbs breadcrumb template]. So if you are creating a page about MicroTrac, put <nowiki>{{Breadcrumb|Food and Agriculture|Farm equipment|MicroTrac}}</nowiki> at the top. See [[Wiki instructions#Using_Categories]]. Thanks! --[[User:Conor|Conor]] 14:50, 22 April 2011 (PDT)

== Hello ==

I am from a wiki culture slightly different than Wikipedia, in that we encourage all constructive edits, even to our words or personal pages. It is in that spirit that I did the work I did. Please [[revert]] any/all of my work. Best, [[MarkDilley]]

== Winga style wind turbine ==

Dear Marcin and Team,

Have you researched the design possibilities of a Winga style wind turbine?

Here is a link.

http://OrganoWorld.com

These guys are totally open for collaboration. All they want are working prototypes and that next-generation wind-turbines get established around the world.

If efficiencies are as they claim from wind-tunnel tests, this could be fantastic, and could replace the old 3 bladed design and strengthen the Global Village Construction Set!

I've spoken by phone with Fred Churchill in Canada and met several times with Volker Thomsen here in Germany, so mention my name if you want.

All best wishes, Clinton Callahan

: http://NextCulture.org
: clinton@nextculture.org
: http://Brueckendorf.org

== Collaboration Opportunity ==

Hello Marcin,
Please contact me when you get a chance. Recall Stephanie Fearon from University of Minnesota summer of 1994?? We should catch up. Your work with the open source hardware is very related to my current research. I am sure you are busy.... but if you get a chance... let's chat (slburrs@ufl.edu) I am doing some work in Biofuels at UF.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Steph
http://www.mclamorelab.com/#!people/c1hd3

== joining the 2-year replication training immersion program ==

Hi Marcin,

My name is Hans Rippel & I am interested in being part of the "2-year replication training immersion program" that is supposed to start in 2017.
Please let me know what I can do to become apart of it.

I'm currently living in Brazil but I'm from Europe (Austria/Hungary) and completely focused on sustainability and I am globally minded due to having lived on 4 continents & visited over 40 countries.

A few years back I've co-started a project in Hungary that focus on helping small farmers to become more sustainable, formerly I have studied psychology with a focus on positive psychology, worked as a health coach to combine the science of nutrition with positive psychology, my brother is studying sustainable farming in Switzerland and I am helping him start a local farmers CO2 reduction program, and in the mean time I am looking to start local sustainable projects here in Brazil.

I hope I can become a part of OSE's immersion program.

kind regards,
Hans

== Rapid Prototyping Crash Training ==

Hey Marcin, noticed my name is mentioned on [[Rapid_Prototyping_Crash_Training]].
*I notice my name was down for "How to design and build them in Sketchup"
*Do you want me to make some content for that?
**If so just outline / list what you want me to cover and format (screenshare / notes / instructable...etc).
Thanks.

== Marcin - would like to introduce you to College of the Atlantic ==

Hello Marcin-

My name is Darron Collins, I am the President of and an alumnus of the College of the Atlantic (www.coa.edu). I never intended on becoming a college president and don't think I fit the mold of such a position, but I'm good at my job because I've always loved this place and love it now more than ever. Somehow, I think you'd love it too and would find yourself right at home.

I'd like to find a way to get you here for a visit because I believe our campus could very well become something of a laboratory for Open Source Ecology. I know you already have such a lab in your Factor e Farm, but I thought you might like to consider partnering with an experimental college as a way of further testing your ideas. We're just 350 students and 40 faculty, have no departments, offer just one interdisciplinary major in human ecology, and have our campus on the ocean at Mount Desert Island, Maine, complete with two 100+ acre farms.

I'm guessing you have a lot on your plate, especially around the holidays. But if you could drop me an email at dcollins@coa.edu or, better yet, call me at 207-266-5161, I'd really like to talk with you.

Something to consider: would you ever give a commencement address at graduation? Ours is Saturday, June 7 2014. Just an idea ...

Please be in touch-

Darron

Darron Collins
President, College of the Atlantic
105 Eden Street
Bar Harbor, Maine 04609

== Activate Extended wiki formatting capabilities ==

Hello, I am a newly signed up user and have been sort of cleaning up the wiki of things like [[Special:Brokenredirects]] and such. I noticed that your wiki doesn't utilize a very nice bundled in extension (since Mediawiki 1.18) called [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:WikiEditor Extension:WikiEditor]. I was hoping a wiki admin could enable it to show it's usefulness. Especially its ability to seamlessly preview a page (instead of needing to reload a page each time). Thanks
[[User:Kunda|Kunda]] ([[User talk:Kunda|talk]])

FYI all that needs to be done is add the string below to the bottom of LocalSettings.php
require_once __DIR__ . "/extensions/WikiEditor/WikiEditor.php";

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This looks very cool! it would be good to implement.
[[User:Andrew_Graham|Andrew]] ([[User talk:Andrew_Graham|talk]])

== How Chain is Made ==

Wanted to share this -
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1STTDTVlJI Useful video on how chain is made, a component I noticed on the Lifetrac.]

Andrew Graham

== Ecuadorian Project ==

Dear Marcin,

As you should know because of my emails and after our skype meeting, there is a genuine interest from the Ecuadorian National Secretariat for Science & Tech to support the local development of OSE machinery. We even have our scenario, have included the translation of the GVCS in our budget, we have asked you to apply through our [http://prometeo.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/que-es-prometeo/ Prometeo Program]. There is a rural community very interested in the project, we are in contact with the major, he said that there is a lot of young people waiting to hear the good news.

Could you please take some minutes of your time to give us an update on how things are developing. Not to count you in is a completely different scenario for the development of the project and we need to arrive at a decision soon enough. Would you please answer my email.

--[[User:Jorgeandr3s|jorgeandr3s]] ([[User talk:Jorgeandr3s|talk]]) 22:20, 1 August 2014 (CEST)

PS: We also read with interest your global expansion initiative, in 3rd world countries it might be a good idea to split the responsability of the Construction Manager in two people since most of the education on management is given through formal training but most of the training in construction is given as informal education (learning by doing it).

You can read the spanish translation for the PR [http://www.aperturaradical.org/open-source-ecology-anuncia-su-iniciativa-de-expansion-global/ here].

=ceb v1708=

in the CEB v1708 1/2" CAM layout file this doesnt look right to me? --[[User:Dorkmo|Dorkmo]] ([[User talk:Dorkmo|talk]]) 01:54, 7 August 2017 (CEST)

[[File_talk:CEB_v1708_CAM.zip]]

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Hey Marcin, just wondering if there was a meeting today or if that got moved due to the long weekend? (and I'm not sure if yu have been getting my emails but it may be an issue on my end (so I didn't want to send another) ) Anywho I may be able to tune in since school is kind of dying down with summer approaching.

--[[User:Eric|Eric]] ([[User talk:Eric|talk]]) 18:22, 29 May 2018 (UTC)

== Re:Welcome to Open Source Ecology! ==

Hi Marcin. First of all, congratulation for your huge work and hank you for accepting and welcoming me!

Because of my chemical engineering background, I would like to collaborate for the description and design of some equipment. At this regard, I started a discussion in [[Talk:Heat_Exchanger]].

Please let me know your opinion. --[[User:Daniele Pugliesi|Daniele Pugliesi]] ([[User talk:Daniele Pugliesi|talk]]) 02:05, 19 November 2018 (UTC)

Talk:Heat Exchanger

2018-11-19T02:02:26Z

Daniele Pugliesi: Created page with "== Heat Exchanger vs Steam Generator == The name "Heat Exchanger" is too much inappropriate/inaccurate for what has to be named "Steam Generator" instead. I imagine a lot of p..."

== Heat Exchanger vs Steam Generator ==
The name "Heat Exchanger" is too much inappropriate/inaccurate for what has to be named "Steam Generator" instead. I imagine a lot of pages have to be corrected at this regard. Could I do apply some or all of these corrections? --[[User:Daniele Pugliesi|Daniele Pugliesi]] ([[User talk:Daniele Pugliesi|talk]]) 02:02, 19 November 2018 (UTC)