Open Source Ecology - User contributions [en]

GPS

2017-10-18T04:01:38Z

Jth: Add Emlid link

I read some more about precision GPS and RTK after the [[Open_Source_Robotic_Tractor]] on Youtube [https://youtu.be/xGmvtC_JSkI Open Source GPS Tractor].<br>

[https://www.swiftnav.com Swiftnav] with [https://www.swiftnav.com/piksi-multi/ Piksi Multi] look nice.<br>
Not completely but more open source then others. Maybe a bit more sensitive to reflections and vegetation that can obstruct or bounce the GPS signals compared to U-blox [https://www.u-blox.com/en/product/neo-m8p-series UBlox Neo-M8P] But this can probably be avoided by controlling the bot and have the antenna higher on pole on the rover or the tractor.

https://emlid.com/navio/<BR>
https://emlid.com/reach/<BR>
<BR>
[https://youtu.be/dGpeIeRMnU4 Youtube - Piksi Multi | Low Cost RTK GPS L1 L2 | Swift Navigation | Setup]<br>
[https://youtu.be/T2dnQaqobJw Youtube - Swift Piksi Multi (L1+L2) RTK test - challenging environment (2.4 Ghz radios, Firmware v1.1.27)]<br>
[https://youtu.be/Ocxjwh99GbM Youtube - Drones in Precision Agriculture]<br>
<br>
[https://youtu.be/hjWoYcxi2og Youtube - TerraSentia Autonomous Navigation with RTK GPS]<br>

GPS

2017-10-08T11:08:22Z

Jth: I just read and watched some about GPS and RTK

I read some more about precision GPS and RTK after the [[Open_Source_Robotic_Tractor]] on Youtube [https://youtu.be/xGmvtC_JSkI Open Source GPS Tractor].<br>

[https://www.swiftnav.com Swiftnav] with [https://www.swiftnav.com/piksi-multi/ Piksi Multi] look nice.<br>
Not completely but more open source then others. Maybe a bit more sensitive to reflections and vegetation that can obstruct or bounce the GPS signals compared to U-blox [https://www.u-blox.com/en/product/neo-m8p-series UBlox Neo-M8P] But this can probably be avoided by controlling the bot and have the antenna higher on pole on the rover or the tractor.

[https://youtu.be/dGpeIeRMnU4 Youtube - Piksi Multi | Low Cost RTK GPS L1 L2 | Swift Navigation | Setup]<br>
[https://youtu.be/T2dnQaqobJw Youtube - Swift Piksi Multi (L1+L2) RTK test - challenging environment (2.4 Ghz radios, Firmware v1.1.27)]<br>
[https://youtu.be/Ocxjwh99GbM Youtube - Drones in Precision Agriculture]<br>
<br>
[https://youtu.be/hjWoYcxi2og Youtube - TerraSentia Autonomous Navigation with RTK GPS]<br>

User:Jth

2017-10-08T10:04:47Z

Jth: update module

Hi
I'm Johan in Borlänge Sweden.<br>
I work as a network and security consultant. I got in contact with Linux in school 1994 and have continued to use it ever since.<br>
I have about 2KW solarcells-panels and some more to put up on the roof when I get the time. I used them with some old large scale 100Ah metallic NiCd batteries from manufacturer NIFE in Sweden. They are now for sale since I have acquired batteries from a crashed Nissan Leaf electric car to use them as energy-storage. I have collected plenty or mirrors to be redirect sunlight to some of the panels or for some future solar concentrator.

Bought an Ford transit connect electric (2011) or rather Azure Dynamics
While still preparing the roof for the new panels. I have also started the test with a biogas system. Tested the gas first time yesterday but the concentration was a bit low and it burned but could not sustain the flame on its own yet. Today I will run the line to the biogas bag to be able to store it for a longer time.

Read some more about precision GPS and RTK and found [https://www.swiftnav.com Swiftnav] with [https://www.swiftnav.com/piksi-multi/ Piksi Multi].

Login and use ''E-mail this user'' in the toolbox to the left if you want to send me a message.<br>
I would like to do some of the GVCS myself if I get the time to do it.<br>
So if you live in Sweden and would like to help out or just chat please send me a message.

User:Jth

2017-10-08T09:58:22Z

Jth: Update

Hi
I'm Johan in Borlänge Sweden.<br>
I work as a network and security consultant. I got in contact with Linux in school 1994 and have continued to use it ever since.<br>
I have about 2KW solarcells-panels and some more to put up on the roof when I get the time. I used them with some old large scale 100Ah metallic NiCd batteries from manufacturer NIFE in Sweden. They are now for sale since I have acquired batteries from a crashed Nissan Leaf electric car to use them as energy-storage. I have collected plenty or mirrors to be redirect sunlight to some of the panels or for some future solar concentrator.

Bought an Ford transit connect electric (2011) or rather Azure Dynamics
While still preparing the roof for the new panels. I have also started the test with a biogas system. Tested the gas first time yesterday but the concentration was a bit low and it burned but could not sustain the flame on its own yet. Today I will run the line to the biogas bag to be able to store it for a longer time.

Read some more about precision GPS and RTK and found [https://www.swiftnav.com Swiftnav] with Piksi Multi.

Login and use ''E-mail this user'' in the toolbox to the left if you want to send me a message.<br>
I would like to do some of the GVCS myself if I get the time to do it.<br>
So if you live in Sweden and would like to help out or just chat please send me a message.

User:Jth

2015-06-06T13:34:27Z

Jth: update with Leaf batteries

Hi
I'm Johan in Borlänge Sweden. <br>
I work as a network security consultant. I got in contact with Linux in school 1994 and have continued to use it ever since.<br>
I have about 2KW solarcells-panels and some more to put up on the roof when I get the time. I used them with some old large scale 100Ah metallic NiCd batteries from manufacturer NIFE in Sweden. They are now for sale since I have acquired batteries from a crashed Nissan Leaf electric car to use them as energy-storage. I have collected plenty or mirrors to be redirect sunlight to some of the panels or for some future solar concentrator. Also planing to produce and use biogas for normal cooking.

Login and use ''E-mail this user'' in the toolbox to the left if you want to send me a message.<br>
I would like to do some of the GVCS myself if I get the time to do it.<br>
So if you live in Sweden and would like to help out or just chat please send me a message.

Hydrogen

2015-02-05T05:50:32Z

Jth: Add onlineshop for hydrogen components, see storage

*Enthalpy of combustion - 286kJ/mol - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen].
*Heat of combustion (per mass) - Compare to gasoline or diesel - enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen is about 3x as large - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion]
*Hydrogen has about 1/8 and 1/3 the volumetric density, resepctively, compared to propane and natural gas.
*Let's look at basic calculations.
*Compare to energy fuel efficiency of gasoline engin - 200 g/kWh, best marine diesel - 150 g/kWhr - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_specific_fuel_consumption]
*Online shop for hydrogen components and fuelcells [http://fuelcellstore.com http://fuelcellstore.com]

=Discussion on Feasibility of Compressed Hydrogen Storage Tanks=
Pressurized storage of hydrogen: molar mass of hydrogen molecules is 2 g/mol. 1 mole is about 5 gallons. Pressurized to 100 atm (under 1500 PSI) - readily doable with high pressure electrolyzer - you get 200 grams per 5 gallon container. Max practical for volumetric reasons would be say up to 100 gallons of 20 cu ft volume in cylindrical tanks- say 2 meters by 1 meter wide (base of a single person car). Thus, 100 gallons volume at 100 atm gets you 4 kg of hydrogen. For combustion purposes - based on enthalpy of combustion - that is equivalent to about 12 kg of gasoline or diesel. That is about 3 gallons of fuel.

In practical terms - based on our Briggs and Stratton 27 hp gas engine - that is about 75 hp hours. Sufficient for a very small personal vehicle, and arguably more efficient than electric cars from the scalability and Decentralization Perspective.

For comparison to propane - a 20 lb tank of propane (5 gallons about) - is only 200 grams of hydrogen at 100 atmospheres. So 10,000 grams/200 grams = 50x less volume efficiency. Marginal - but just sufficient for microcars with combustion engines.

Based on efficiency measures - heat engines being about 20% efficient - can we show that enthalpy of combustion gives a reliable measure of hp-hr? Gasoline is 50MJ/kg enthalpy of combustion. 50 MJ 50 MWs - or 14 kWh. This is 56 kWh of enthalpy for one gallon of fuel. Or 75 hp-h. A 27 hp engine running for 1 hour is about 30% efficiency - about right.

Another check - H2 is 150 MJ/kg. Thus, 4 kg in the 100 gallon / 100 atm storage have 600 MJ. Divide by 5 for 20% efficiency of internal combustion engines - or 120 MJ. That is 33kWhr of energy, or 44 hp-hr. Range might be about 200-400 miles. About 2 gallons of fuel equivalent. Say we do an average of 5 hp requirement for a lightweight vehicle - 200 kg vehicle - that might get us from a to be in a reliable way. But, marginal. Definitely run into storage limits - unless extremely efficient design is involved. High tech.

=Conclusions=
*Feasible with efficient design; acceptable range
*Double the pressure of stored hydrogen - double the range or half the tank volume.
*Economics - doable with open source storage cylinders. Type I high pressure tank is the lowest rating for all pressure tanks, and has a max pressure of 200 atmospheres.

=Some more background Research=
#Sample results - [http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/progress06/ii_h_5_ibrahim.pdf] and [http://www.pci.tu-bs.de/agbauerecker/VorlesungPC-GrundlagenWasserstoffwirtschaft2014_2015/High-pressure%20electrolysis.pdf], and [http://www.schatzlab.org/news/author/greg/] and [http://www.schatzlab.org/docs/engel_paper_1.pdf]. 30 atm alkaline electrolyzer - [http://ieahia.org/pdfs/Task25/alkaline-electrolysis.pdf].
#Electrolyzer costs - $1k/kW. For $3k we can have storage of H2 in PVC pipe - $1/watt for solar panels, $1k for an electrolyzer, and then we produce hydrogen at about 27hp-hr volume. This is enough for 4 hours of cooking on an industrial size burner. [http://ieahia.org/pdfs/Task25/alkaline-electrolysis.pdf] - up to 30 ATM.

=Sample Conclusion=
30ATM alkaline electrolyzers are proven and available technology. [http://ieahia.org/pdfs/Task25/alkaline-electrolysis.pdf]. Based on [[Hydrogen]] discussion, a maximum allowable tank size for a personal vehicle is 1 [[GGE]] - or about 27 hp hours. That is acceptable for a superefficient personal vehicle. The battery pack size for a Tesla is 80 hp-hr, at $15k so the hydrogen storage GGE/[[ESE]] is approximately 100x lower cost over an LCA time of 100 years than the Lithium Ion battery. The hydrogen storage is assumed to be 2400' of of 1" schedule 80 PVC pipe, based on 50-100 year [[PVC Lifetime]].

=What are your comments on the feasibility of alkaline pressurized hydrogen as a fuel?=
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DIY and Alternative Tractors

2013-12-24T11:13:10Z

Jth: Add soltrack and update link

=From Berea Contacts=
==Bob==
Open source is a new term but hardly a new concept. There are "free" and "do it yourself" tractor plans out there. Some were published in the likes of Popular Science or Popular Mechanics.
There's probably some overlap among these:<br>
http://www.vintageprojects.com/tractor-plans.html<br>
http://www.green-trust.org/junkyardprojects/FreeTractorPlans.html<br>
http://www.youtube.com/user/bentonkb/videos<br>
Looks like The Mother Earth News had plans in 1978 and 1982 (around the end of the heyday of the back to the land movement):<br>
http://www.motherearthnews.com/Do-It-Yourself/1978-09-01/Bill-Whitakers-Homemade-Tractor.aspx#axzz2P7a06i98<br>
http://www.motherearthnews.com/do-it-yourself/do-it-yourself-mini-tractor-zmaz82jazgoe.aspx#axzz2P7a06i98<br>
There are plenty on youtube, start with:<br>
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqKwmwnCcvM<br>
And, of course, all patents effectively become open source when they expire. And as Scott points out sometimes de facto open source sooner.

==Scott Justice==
I just saw this two days ago in CAMARTECH Centre for Agricultural Mechanisation and Rural Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
Idea is great but cost is way too high-10000+ USD. Engine transmission differential all from UK. Also see
http://fwsteam.blogspot.com/2010/08/tractor-for-africa.html

=Liks=
*See also [[Tinkabi Tractor]]
*[[Tractor for Africa]]

*Soltrack [http://www.renewables.com/Products/SolTracCrawler.htm http://www.renewables.com/Products/SolTracCrawler.htm]

OSE Europe/Sweden

2013-10-21T18:51:33Z

Jth: Some about OSE in Swedish radio

{{OSE Europe}}
Now we are more then one so we can begin. We can use this Google-group [https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=sv#!forum/ose-sweden OSE Sweden] to communicate locally in Swedish and English.

'''Klotet''' - En blogg och ett program om miljöfrågor av Vetenskapsradion [http://sverigesradio.se/sida/avsnitt/193942?programid=3345 Om att dela på allt - den tredje industriella revolutionen] från Onsdag 15 maj 2013 kl 13:35

[[Category:OSE Europe]]

OSE Europe/Sweden

2013-08-09T21:22:35Z

Jth: add category also

OSE Europe/Sweden

2013-08-09T21:21:53Z

Jth: add Sweden

Template:OSE Europe

2013-03-01T17:56:52Z

Jth: swe

{{OSE_Europe_Header}}
<div style="border-width:0 1px 1px 1px; border-style:solid; border-color: #5E5E5E; background: #FFEEB8; padding: 2px; ">

<div style="float: left; padding-left: 50px;">
<div style="float: left; font-size: 16px; width: 100px;">About:</div> [[OSE_Europe/Mission|Mission]], [[OSE_Europe/Values|Values]], [[OSE_Europe/Roadmap|Roadmap]], [http://oseeurope.org/ Blog], [http://oseeurope.org/forum/ Forum], [[OSE_Europe/Newsletter|Newsletter]], [http://oseeurope.org/contact/ Contact]<br/><br/>
<div style="float: left; font-size: 16px; width: 100px; ">Together:</div> [[OSE_Europe/People|We]], [[OSE_Europe/Friends|Friends]], [[OSE_Europe/Map|Map]], [[OSE_Europe/Communication|Communication]], [[OSE_Europe/Open_Governance|Open Governance]], [[OSE_Europe/Events|Events]]<br/><br/>
<div style="float: left; font-size: 16px; width: 100px;">Participate:</div> [[OSE_Europe/Participate/Fundraising|with Fundraising]], [[OSE_Europe/Participate/OSE_Community|in OSE Community]], [[OSE_Europe/Participate/Friend|as Friend]], [[OSE_Europe/Participate/Lawyer|as Lawyer]], <br/>
<div style="float: left; width: 100px;"> </div>[[OSE_Europe/Participate/Web|with Web Development]], [[OSE_Europe/Participate/Designer|as Designer]], [[OSE Europe/People/Team Culturing Europe|share about Yourself]]

</div><div style="float: right; padding-right: 50px;">
<div style="float: left; font-size: 16px; width: 100px;">Countries:</div> [[OSE_Europe/Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[OSE_Europe/Croatia|Croatia]], [[OSE_Europe/Czech Republic|Czech Republic]], [[OSE_Europe/Estonia|Estonia]], [[OSE_Europe/Finland|Finland]], [[OSE_Europe/Germany|Germany]]<br/>
<div style="float: left; width: 100px;"> </div>[[OSE_Europe/Greece|Greece]], [[OSE_Europe/Italy|Italy]], [[Netherlands|Netherlands]], [[Serbia|Serbia]], [[Slovenia|Slovenia]], [[Spain|Spain]], [[OSE_Europe/Sweden|Sweden]], [[OSE_Europe/Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[OSE_Europe/UK|UK]],<br/>
<div style="float: left; width: 100px;"> </div>[[OSE_Europe/Start In Your Country|Your Country]]<br/>
</div>

<div style="clear:both;"></div>
</div>
<br/>

Press

2013-02-03T11:02:52Z

Jth: openfarmtech.org no longer in use

==Overview==
The following is a long semi-sorted list of links to the work of [[Open Source Ecology]] in development of the [[GVCS]].

For a short list of highlights - see [[Media Background Reading]].

Also see [[Marketing]], [[:Category:Interviews]].

==Links listed with newest on top==

#MIT Innovations Journal - Nov
#Huffington Post - Nov
#Time top 50 tech - Nov
#September 2012 - [http://www.simplerwork.com/disruptive_heroes/ Disruptive Heroes]
#March 2012 - [http://enrichlist.org/the-list/#.T2xsivFVNRg.twitter Enrich List]
#7.1.12 - http://yearofopensource.net/2013-open-source-calendar-swimsuit-edition/
#6.13.12 - http://www.thestar.com/living/article/1210348--mississauga-teen-gets-100-000-to-stay-out-of-school?bn=1
#6.12.12 - http://www.kickstarter.com/blog/dreaming-big
#5.31.12 - Interview with Ian Midgley - http://www.framedmagazine.com.au/node/23
#5.18.20 - TED Radio Hour on NPR - [http://www.npr.org/2012/05/18/152872160/can-we-open-source-hardware]
#5.16.12 - Yoonseo as Thiel Fellow in Make - [http://blog.makezine.com/2012/05/16/young-maker-nabs-thiel-fellowship/]
#May, 2012 - Shareable - [http://www.shareable.net/blog/factor-e-holiday-worklife-on-an-open-source-farm]
#April, 2012 - Fast Company - [http://www.fastcoexist.com/1679719/build-your-own-civilization-with-the-global-village-construction-set]
#March 2012 - David Brin - https://plus.google.com/u/0/116665417191671711571/posts/3uZKaLZmzM2
#March 2012 -Jon Kalish - Make - [http://blog.makezine.com/2012/03/08/jon-kalish-visits-open-source-ecology/]
#March 2012 - NPR - [http://www.npr.org/2012/02/19/147110017/building-a-village-one-home-brewed-tool-at-a-time?live=1]
#1.17.12 - Microfactoria Blog - [http://microfactoria.wordpress.com/2012/01/17/case-open-source-ecology-factor-e-farm/]
# Slashdot: [http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/11/04/18/1658239/Can-Open-Source-Hardware-Feed-the-World Can Open Source Hardware Feed the World?]
#2.11 - [D-Build http://d-build.org/blog/]
#2.3.11 [Kotaku http://kotaku.com/5750681/]
#2.2.11 [Gizmodo http://kotaku.com/5750681/]
#7 Jan 11 [http://www.treehugger.com/files/2011/01/awesome-global-village-construction-set.php Treehugger]
#5.1.11 - [http://www.nikolay-georgiev.net/blog/2011/01/open-source-ecology-overview/ Open Source Ecology Overview] on Nikolay Georgiev's Blog.
#5.7.10 - [http://globalguerrillas.typepad.com/globalguerrillas/2010/04/starters-universal-mechanical-power-sources.html Universal Power Source] on Global Guerrillas
# [http://www.kurzweilai.net/forums/topic/open-source-ecology Kurzweil - Accelerating Intelligence] a forum post on [http://www.kurzweilai.net/ Ray Kurzweil]'s site.
#9.23.09 - http://timbuktuchronicles.blogspot.com/2009/09/openfarmtech.html
#7.24.09 - http://permaculture.tv/?p=202
#7.4.09 - One transhumanist's critique of Open Source Ecology - [http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/print/3220]
#7.2.09 - Edward Miller in [http://www.sentientdevelopments.com/2009/07/how-to-redesign-our-communities-for.html Sentient Developments]
#4.15.09 - Non-practitioner's Critique of the Global Village Construction Set - [http://www.keimform.de/2009/04/15/ox4-notes-ii-open-hardware-challenges-and-ambitions/]
#2.7.09 - Practice of flex fab - [http://thewellrundry.blogspot.com/2009/02/small-scale-manufacturing-practical.html]
#3.5.09 - The Guardian - [http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/mar/05/open-source]
#2.21.09 - from blog on network learning, permaculture - [http://learnonline.wordpress.com/2009/02/21/open-source-ecology/]
#2.15.09 - Mutualist Bleg for OSE - [http://mutualist.blogspot.com/2009/02/bleg-for-open-source-ecology-open.html]
#http://mutualist.blogspot.com/2009/02/bleg-for-open-source-ecology-open.html
#Greg Landua, Global Village Institute at The Farm - [http://www.gaiaemerging.com/search?q=open+source+ecology]
#http://www.gaiaemerging.com/2008/11/open-source-regenerative-revolution.html
#CEB CSM Proposal - [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/3547062/CEB-Open-Business-Plan-%EF%BF%BD-Community-Supported-Manufacturing]
# 2.5.09 - http://greenwithagun.blogspot.com/
#1.22.09 - http://www.justlol.net/blogroll/?p=3765 - on Flex Fab
# http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?102,8085,20947 - Jan 29-Jan 30, 2009
# http://www.justlol.net/blogroll/?p=3628 - Jan 31, 2009
# http://imagina-canarias.blogspot.com/ Jan 13, 2009
# http://permakent.com Jan 7, 2009
#12.10.08 - http://peakenergy.blogspot.com/2008/12/do-it-yourself-csp.html - on CSP
# Solar Turbine on Peak Oil - http://peakenergy.blogspot.com/2008/12/do-it-yourself-csp.html
# Pamela McLean’s informative pump about us - http://learnbydoinguk.blogspot.com/2008/12/open-farm-and-marcin-jakubowski.html
# Reto – ChipIns and discussion - http://nachhaltigbeobachtet.ch/blog/archive/2008/11/26/was-soll-das-oder-gemeinschafts-finanzierte-projekte.html
# Wired blog - http://blog.wired.com/sterling/2008/11/meanwhile-down.html
# http://commonsblog.wordpress.com/2008/11/02/oscar-open-source-auto-und-open-source-okologie/
# Reto again after CEB proposal - http://nachhaltigbeobachtet.ch/blog/archive/2008/10/27/gemeinschafts-unterstuetzte-produktion-ein-entwurf.html
# Swedish blog - http://ollehost.dk/blog/2008/10/26/fscons-smari-mccarthy-on-abundance/
# Peer-Produktion als dritter Weg - http://nachhaltigbeobachtet.ch/blog/archive/2008/10/24/peer-produktion-als-dritter-weg.html
# Open-Source-Bagger in Aktion - http://www.keimform.de/2008/10/24/open-source-bagger-in-aktion/
# Vinay’s support OSE message - http://www.globalswadeshi.net/forum/topic/show?id=2097821%3ATopic%3A4851
# http://www.justlol.net/blogroll/?p=1110
# Richard’s speech at OSN: http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/799433
# Factor e Live Summer Bonus - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxgIZapGNgg
# http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/community-supported-manufacturing-careers-in-global-village-engineering/2008/10/20
# http://vinay.howtolivewiki.com/blog/hexayurt/factor-e-farm-update-10-taking-dirt-out-of-the-ground-making-bricks-hexayurts-2-1081
# http://permakent.com/2008/10/18/%E2%80%9Copen-source-ecology%E2%80%9D-ongoing-activity/
# http://www.boingboing.net/2008/09/23/open-source-everythi.html
# Fiction about us? - http://rtgarden2019.blogspot.com/2008/10/blue-house.html
# http://www.jeffvail.net/2008/10/open-source-ecology-help-needed.html#comments
# New Work mention - http://neuearbeitberlin.mixxt.de/networks/wiki/index
# http://worknets.ning.com/group/opensourcehardware
# Reto again on collaboration- http://nachhaltigbeobachtet.ch/blog/archive/2008/10/02/geschichte-machen-hier-ist-die-chance.html
# Sasha on Treehugger - http://forums.treehugger.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=6445
# Christian Siefkes –UPSet - http://www.keimform.de/2008/09/04/hiddinghausen-talks-1-free-design/#comment-15044
# Kevin Flanagan -http://kevflanagan.wordpress.com/2008/08/08/permaculture-appropriate-technology-and-open-source-ecology/
# Lucas on tractor - http://imagina-canarias.blogspot.com/2008/07/tractores-desmontables.html
# Reto Stauss - http://nachhaltigbeobachtet.ch/blog/archive/2008/07/10/besser-als-die-siedler-von-catan.html
# Brittany Sparking - http://keepingupappearances1056.1974central.com/2008/07/25/watch-idol-secrets-2-online/
# Ron Paul forum - http://www.ronpaulforums.com/showthread.php?t=148323
# Vince on a discussion group - http://www.3dallusions.com/forums/architecture-design/2622-green-building-systems.html#post35846
# Kevin Carson again - http://www.theartofthepossible.net/2008/07/29/and-i-believe-it-could-be-something-good-has-begun/
# http://tmp2.wikia.com/wiki/Open_Source_Everything_Project
# OSE Mid-Missouri - http://osemidmo.wiki-site.com/index.php/Main_Page
# Jeff Vail - http://www.jeffvail.net/2008/06/rhizome-platform-design.html
# Michel on Land - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/marcin-jakubowski-on-a-policy-to-expand-material-peer-production-through-land/2008/06/25
# Richard’s Google Docs - http://docs.google.com/#all
# Chaordic permaculture institute = http://permacultureinstitute.pbwiki.com/Marcin
# Solar turbine group - http://groups.google.com/group/solar-turbine
# Agroinnovations interview - http://agroinnovations.com/component/option,com_mojo/Itemid,182/p,39/lang,en/
# Global Swadeshi interview, How to Live Wiki - http://vinay.howtolivewiki.com/blog/hexayurt/global-swadeshi-dialogs-667
# Spanish syndicate - http://imagina-canarias.blogspot.com/2008/05/primer-ao-en-granja-factor-e.html
# Open Econ dev: http://guptaoption.com/5.open_source_development.php
# Global Swadeshi - http://www.globalswadeshi.net/?xgsi=1
# Missouri lecture video - http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-710075551990473235
# Greenr.com on us - http://www.greenr.com/blog/category/open-source
# Jeff Budderer’s Ecoliving Solutions blog - http://green.onevillage.tv/?p=214
# Richard’s links for us - http://docs.google.com/View?docid=dfzb7phh_16fmssqphk
# Product Hacking - http://p2pfoundation.net/Product_Hacking
# Interwiki map = http://www.appropedia.org/Interwiki_map
# http://p2pfoundation.net/Multiple-Purpose_Production_Technology
# http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Business
# http://groups.google.com/group/barcampbank/browse_thread/thread/e16411d14f1d1500
# Wired - http://blog.wired.com/sterling/2008/02/the-liberator-a.html
# BoingBoing- http://www.boingboing.net/2008/02/25/open-source-compress.html
# Gratzel cell - http://www.mpoweruk.com/gratzel.htm
# CSPOSI - http://www.csposi.org/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=102#102
# OSE Spec - http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Ose_spec
# Michel and Steve on Marcin - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/steve-bosserman-on-economic-sustainability-in-a-world-of-open-design/2008/02/19
# Call for open engineering: http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/marcin-jakubowski-a-call-for-open-engineering-and-a-commons-coalition-for-p2p-energy/2008/02/14
# Mike Koch weblog - http://thegreenvoyage.blogspot.com/
# Steve Bosserman on CEB - http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/steve_bosserman/2008/02/09/giving_it_away_making_money.htm
# How to add timelines -http://socialsynergyweb.org/opensourceecology/content/how-create-timeline-product-cycles
# Lion Kimbro - http://www.communitywiki.org/en/PlainTalk
# BarCamp- http://barcamp.org/BigIdeacamp-KansasCity#Schedule
# http://p2pfoundation.ning.com/profile/MarcinJakubowski
#Interesting on Zeitgeist: http://www.hubculture.com/index.php
# Best propaganda yet: http://www.internationalistmagazine.com/2007-earlyfall/2007-earlyfall_commentary.html
# OSE Spec - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/proposed-ose-specifications-aim-to-guarantee-truly-open-physical-peer-production/2008/02/12
#http://www.computerworlduk.com/community/blogs/index.cfm?blogid=14&entryid=402 January 22, 2008
# dave Pollard’s Environment Link of the Week, Feb. 9, 2008 - http://blogs.salon.com/0002007/2008/02/09.html#a2096
# P2P Foundation on our work: http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/marcin-jakubowskis-open-farm-the-most-important-social-experiment-in-the-world/2008/01/22
# Sam Rose - http://groups.google.com/group/CooperationCommons/msg/8a8fb3953cce3588
# Mel’s blog - http://blog.melchua.com/2008/02/09/pollards-rules-of-life/
# CEB Neocommercialization - http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/CEB_Press
# Overview of Projects - http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Overview
# Neocommercialization - http://www.p2pfoundation.net/Neocommercialization
# Digital fabrication - http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Design
# Fab Lab Neil Gershenfeld on TED - http://www.bittorrent.com/users/tedtalks/torrents/TEDTalks%3A_Neil_Gershenfeld_%282006%29/c5993d59-0ecc-11dc-8dee-00e081411f3f
# Social Synergy enterprise platform - http://socialsynergyweb.org/opensourceecology/content/ceb-prototype-1-fab-0
# Noblogs, OSTech Icons - http://ose.noblogs.org/post/2006/04/15/ose-yearly-plan-april-2006-april-2007
# Flickr pictures - http://www.flickr.com/photos/11113094@N03/
# First brick pressed, - http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/CEB_Prototype_1_Fab
# Proposal - http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/OE_Proposal
# OSE Product Cycle - http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/OSE_Product_Cycle
# CEB Prototype done, blog -
# Ecotech on blog -

==Dynamic Links==
* {{Backlinks|domain=news.ycombinator.com}}
* {{Backlinks|domain=reddit.com}}
* {{Backlinks|domain=facebook.com}}
* {{Backlinks|domain=twitter.com}}
* On Twitter: http://topsy.com/s?q=open+source+ecology

==In the News==
*4.20.11 - [http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/155/whom-do-bold.html?page=0%252C1%2C1 6 Degrees of Inspiration] - Inc. Magazine

*4.21.11 - http://www.convergeproject.org/node/106 - Converge Project
*4.13.11 - http://www.ted.com/talks/marcin_jakubowski.html - TED
* 3.28.11 - [http://www.metafilter.com/101964/The-Lego-Set-of-Civilization The Lego Set of Civilization]
* 3.27.11 - [http://blogs.forbes.com/jeffmcmahon/2011/03/27/physicist-designs-diy-green-utopia-construction-set/ Physicist Designs DIY Green Utopia Construction Set] - Jeff McMahon - '''Forbes'''
*3.23.11 - [http://www.theatlantic.com/life/archive/2011/03/a-mad-scientists-50-tools-for-sustainable-communities/72900/ A Mad Scientist's 50 Tools for Sustainable Communities] - Leah Messinger - '''The Atlantic'''
*2.9.11 - [http://blog.opensourceecology.org/2010/07/plenitude-the-new-economics-of-true-wealth/]- Juliet Schor
*1.1.2011 - [http://www.wonderhowto.com/wonderment/build-your-own-civilization-with-global-village-construction-set-0125128/ "Build Your Own Civilization with the Global Village Construction Set"] - WonderHowTo

*05.04.10 - [http://www.theecologist.org/trial_investigations/477823/could_open_source_technologies_help_us_solve_climate_change.html Jamie Andrews in The Ecologist]

*12.15.09 - http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/the-liberator-beta-v_20/2009/12/15

*9.14.09 - http://Blogs.GoGreen.VC

*5.1.09 - [http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/?p=797 LifeTrac in MAKE Magazine] - We were recently featured in MAKE Magazine. Thank you to Abe Connally of Vela Creations, who wrote the article. "In rural Missouri, Marcin Jakubowski and the team at Open Source Ecology (OSE) are designing a sustainable village for the future." - Abe Connally

*3.27.09 - [http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/03/27/the-making-of-a-global-village-at-factor-e-farm-part-1/ Arthur Magazine: Homegrown Counterculture]

*3.12.09 - [http://c4ss.org/content/184 Seeds Sprouting in the Rubble, by Kevin Carson]

*3.6.09 - [http://uniteddiversity.com/peer-trust-network-ose-and-more/ United Diversity] - "Factor E Farm is quite possibly the most important project in the world."

*3.5.09 - [http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/mar/05/open-source Victor Keegan in The Guardian UK] - "Other interesting initiatives include openfarmtech.org where they are developing open source ecology including building eco-villages"

*2.15.09 - [http://mutualist.blogspot.com/2009/02/bleg-for-open-source-ecology-open.html Mutualist Blog, by Kevin Carson] - "In "The Unplugged," Vinay Gupta wrote of a movement of people "buying out at the bottom" by using "Buckminster Fuller's means to promote Gandhi's ends." This is the largest and most advanced single project I'm aware of for putting that philosophy into practice."

*11.27.08 - [http://www.gaiaemerging.com/search?q=open+source+ecology Greg Landua, Global Village Institute at The Farm] - "This is the bright iridescent future of a global sustainable village, un-tethered by the soul sucking vacuum of neoliberal globalization. Combining ecology and open source ideas, the folks at Open Source Ecology seem to have hit the nail on the head...a well articulated vision for enabling communities all over the planet to partake in global trade of information goods and services, but not be forced into the prisoner's delima of globalized corporate capitalism."

*1.13.09 - [http://imagina-canarias.blogspot.com/ Imagina Canarias]

*12.14.08 - [http://learnbydoinguk.blogspot.com/2008/12/open-farm-and-marcin-jakubowski.html Pamela McLean’s informative article on Learn By Doing UK] - "If people see that (Open Source Ecology) is relevant to Africa as well as USA it could make (this) work even more attractive to givers. Most people recognise that "something needs to be done" in rural Africa to address issues of poverty."

*11.12.08 - [http://blog.wired.com/sterling/2008/11/meanwhile-down.html Wired Magazine blog by Bruce Sterling]

*10.06.08 - [http://www.jeffvail.net/2008/10/open-source-ecology-help-needed.html Help Open Source Ecology, by Jeff Vail] - "Marcin Jakubowski, a person I met through the excellent P2P Foundation, is blazing ahead with a very real, implementable "Global Construction Set" of open-source tools, platforms, and knowledge sets to empower a future of sustainable, vernacular, and decentralized food production, energy generation, architecture, and social structures."

*7.29.08 - [http://www.theartofthepossible.net/2008/07/29/and-i-believe-it-could-be-something-good-has-begun/ And I Believe it Could Be, Something Good Has Begun, by Kevin Carson on The Art of the Possible] - "Its (quite amazing) centerpiece is an open-source library of sustainable, intermediate-scale technology designs for village-centered Third World development (the Global Village Construction Set), much like what Gupta has proposed."

*6.30.08 - [http://www.jeffvail.net/2008/06/rhizome-platform-design.html Rhizome Platform Design By Jeff Vail] - "I think this is a fascinating project, and one that John Robb has highlighted as an example of the potential for community fabrication."

*6.13.08 - [http://www.gaiaemerging.com/2008/06/open-source-ecology.html Greg Landua, Global Village Institute at The Farm]

*6.12.08 - [http://globalguerrillas.typepad.com/globalguerrillas/2008/06/page/2/ Global Guerrillas blog by John Robb] - "(Open Source Ecology) is yet another example of the many efforts underway to accelerate DIY technology development for Resilient Communities (The RC). As personal fabrication improves, these tinkering efforts will become MUCH more sophisticated at an ever decreasing cost. We (collectively, those of us engaged in decentralized thinking/action) are in the process of reinventing how the global economy is structured at a root level -- good thing we didn't ask permission."

*5.26.08 - [http://www.globalswadeshi.net/forum/topic/show?id=2097821%3ATopic%3A501 Global Swadeshi Dialogues - Marcin Jakubowski and Vinay Gupta]

*3.15.08 - [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-710075551990473235 Lecture at University of Missouri]

*2.26.08 - [http://www.thingsaregood.com/2008/02/26/open-source-ecology/ ThingsAreGood.com]

*2.25.08 - [http://blog.wired.com/sterling/2008/02/the-liberator-a.html Wired Magazine blog, by Bruce Sterling]

*2.25.2008 - [http://www.boingboing.net/2008/02/25/open-source-compress.html "Open source compressed earth block machine"] - Cory Doctorow - BoingBoing

*2.19.08 - [http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/steve-bosserman-on-economic-sustainability-in-a-world-of-open-design/2008/02/19 P2P Foundation on OSE economic model]

*2.9.08 - [http://blogs.salon.com/0002007/2008/02/09.html#a2096 Salon.com: How to Save the World blog on our brick machine]

*2.9.08 - [http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/steve_bosserman/2008/02/09/giving_it_away_making_money.htm Steve Bosserman on OSE economic model]

*1.22.2008 - [http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/marcin-jakubowskis-open-farm-the-most-important-social-experiment-in-the-world/2008/01/22 The Most Important Social Experiment in the World?] - Michel Bauwens - P2P Foundation

*12.07.07 - [http://blog.onevillage.tv/wp/?p=491 Factor E Farm Field Trip]

==Key Links==
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_ecology
# [http://www.itworld.com/open-source/156785/open-sourcing-civilization Open sourcing civilization] Open source hardware feed and shelter more effciently and cheaply. By Brian Proffitt, April 18, 2011
#Ecotech on blog - http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/?p=116
#CEB Prototype done, blog - http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/?p=91
#OSE PRoduct Cycle - http://openfarmtech.org/index.php?title=Main_Page#Deployment
#Proposal - http://openfarmtech.org/OSE_Proposal.doc
#First brick bressed, blog - http://openfarmtech.org/weblog/?p=67
#Flickr pictures - http://www.flickr.com/photos/11113094@N03/
#Noblogs, OSTech Icons - http://ose.noblogs.org/post/2006/04/15/ose-yearly-plan-april-2006-april-2007
#Social Synergy enterprise platform - http://socialsynergyweb.org/opensourceecology/content/ceb-prototype-1-fab-0
#Fab Lab Neil Gershenfeld on TED - http://www.bittorrent.com/users/tedtalks/torrents/TEDTalks%3A_Neil_Gershenfeld_%282006%29/c5993d59-0ecc-11dc-8dee-00e081411f3f
#Digital fabrication - http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Design
#P2P Foundation on our work: http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/marcin-jakubowskis-open-farm-the-most-important-social-experiment-in-the-world/2008/01/22
#Worknets CEB designs - http://www.worknets.org/wiki.cgi?OpenSourceEcology/CompressedEarthBlock

==other links==
*[http://sjdavies.eu/ Samuel James Davies] designer - small appliances that can be easily taken apart and repaired by the user, to promote a culture of repair

==More Links (to sort)==
#http://vinay.howtolivewiki.com/blog/global/infoglut-and-cognitive-aesthetics-443#comment-1615
#http://imagina-canarias.blogspot.com/2008/02/ladrillos-de-conocimiento-abierto.html
#http://thegreenvoyage.blogspot.com/2007/12/factor-e-farm-visit.html
#http://www.pathtofreedom.com/neighborhood/index.php?showtopic=1363
#http://imagina-canarias.blogspot.com/2007/11/ladrillos-para-construcciones-autnomas.html

==See Also==
*[[Media Background Reading]]
*[[Media]]
*[[Interviews]]
*[[Marketing]]

[[Category:Press]]
[[Category:Links]]
[[Category:Publicity]]

Biogas

2013-01-30T20:36:22Z

Jth:

{{Category=Biofuel}}

[[File:Cooking_with_biogas.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Cooking with biogas]]
'''A gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.'''
[[File:Gas_generator.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Electric generator from biogas]]

== Applications ==
* Used for cooking, heating, electrical generation
* Production of [[Direct Reduced Iron|Direct reduced iron]] from rust or high-grade iron ore.
* Compressed and cleaned biogas for transportation with internal combustion engines
* Liquid slurry from digester tank can be used to fertilize [[duckweed]] pond
* Solid contents coming out of digester can be composted (vermicompost, BSF compost, [[biochar]] compost)
* The CO2 contained in biogas can be used in inside a greenhouse and can provide a boost to plant growth (CO2 concentrations up to 1500ppm are beneficial). This is effect widely used by commercial growers, but unfortunately they are using mostly fossil methane.
* Various uses in [[:Category:Metalworks|metallurgy]]

== To think about ==
* Biogas production may need insulation or earth sheltering when used in cold climates witch could otherwise lead to breakdown of microbial populations. With CEB-blocks and insulation and option of heating, this is a design issue.

* Biogas can contain some sulfur (that smells like rotting eggs) and it is then not recommended to be used in engines for a prolonged time. The sulfuric acid can accumulate in the engine oil and it will need replacing and or cleaning after a while. To avoid some of this do not feed the digester with objects that generate this gas like plasterwalls.. There exists some additive that can limit this but should not be needed in this case. When used for direct burning like with a gas-nozzle for cooking it can be used directly. But some don't like that smell when cooking.

* Compressing into gas cylinders if needed for mobile transportation and more easy handling.

* Create smaller pieces of bulky biomass before it go into the digester to make it more effective, Could be using the [[Hammer Mill|hammer mill]]

== Biodigester ==
A sealed container that carries out the anaerobic digestion process. It needs to be able to separate and remove the liquid and gas phases and have an entrance/exit for the substrate. Sometimes heated and stir the content to produce even more.
Some new digesters have a step before the liquid is exiting the digester there it is heated up to 70 degree Celsius to remove some more of possible pathogens that could have survived.
* [[CEB Vaults|Guastavino masonry]] or plain CEBs to build biogas digester and holding tank for stored biogas. One holding tank could be used for the storage of biogas and [[Compressed Fuel Gas|Compressed fuel gas]].

== Cleaning or upgrading ==
Biogas need cleaning or upgrading to remove as much as possible of the contained sulfur and or carbon dioxide and make a higher energy value. To be able to use it in engines for mobile gas-car transportation or electrical generation and limit corrosion and wear in motors. It is also possible to feed the cleaned carbon dioxide to the green house.

[[File:Construction_of_digester.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Construction of underground digester with bricks. This is common in rural India and China]]

==Simple Open Source Biogas System==
[http://www.supergas.dk/ Supergas] - In 1996-97 [http://www.superflex.net/ Superflex] collaborated with biogas engineer Jan Mallan to construct a simple, portable biogas unit that can produce sufficient gas for the cooking and lighting needs of an African family. The system has been adapted to meet the efficiency and style demands of a modern African consumer. It is intended to match the needs and economic resources that we believe exist in small-scale economies. The orange biogas plant produces biogas from organic materials, such as human and animal stools. For a modest sum, a family will be able to buy such a biogas system and achieve self-sufficiency in energy. The plant produces approx. 3-4 cubic meters of gas per day of the dung from 2-3 cattle. This is enough for a family of 8-10 members for cooking purposes and to run one gas lamp in the evening.

== External Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Biogas]]
* [[appropedia:Category:Biogas|Appropedia Category: Biogas]]
* [[appropedia:Biogas_and_liquid_biofuels|Appropedia main biogas page]]
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas Biogas]
* [http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Biofuel p2pfoundation Category:Biofuel]
* [http://diy-biogas.org/ DIY Biogas] - Germany

==See Also==
* [[Biogas start up]]
* [[Biofuel]]
* [[Gasifier]]

Biogas

2013-01-30T20:15:05Z

Jth: dup and spell

{{Category=Biofuel}}

[[File:Cooking_with_biogas.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Cooking with biogas]]
'''A gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.'''
[[File:Gas_generator.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Electric generator from biogas]]

== Applications ==
* Used for cooking, heating, electrical generation
* Production of [[Direct Reduced Iron|Direct reduced iron]] from rust or high-grade iron ore.
* Compressed and cleaned biogas for transportation with internal combustion engines
* Liquid slurry from digester tank can be used to fertilize [[duckweed]] pond
* Solid contents coming out of digester can be composted (vermicompost, BSF compost, [[biochar]] compost)
* The CO2 contained in biogas can be used in inside a greenhouse and can provide a boost to plant growth (CO2 concentrations up to 1500ppm are beneficial). This is effect widely used by commercial growers, but unfortunately they are using mostly fossil methane.
* Various uses in [[:Category:Metalworks|metallurgy]]

== To think about ==
* Biogas production may need insulation or earth sheltering when used in cold climates witch could oterwise lead to breakdown of microbial populations. With CEB-blocks and insulation and option of heating, this is a design issue.

* Biogas can contain some sulfur (that smells like rotting eggs) and it is then not recommended to be used in engines for a prolonged time. The sulfuric acid can accumulate in the engine oil and it will need replacing and or cleaning after a while. To avoid some of this do not feed the digester with objects that generate this gas like plasterwalls.. There exists some additive that can limit this but should not be needed in this case. When used for direct burning like with a gas-nozzle for cooking it can be used directly. But some don't like that smell when cooking.

* Biogas need cleaning (upgrading) to remove as much as possible of the contained sulfur and carbon dioxide for use in engines for gas-car transportation or electrical generation. It is preferable need to be upgraded first to limit corrosion and wear of motors. It is also possible to recover some heat from the motor and feed the carbon dioxide to the green house. Howto, more to come....

* Compressing into gas cylinders if needed for mobile transportation and more easy handling.

* Create smaller pieces of bulky biomass before it go into the digester to make it more effective, Could be using the [[Hammer Mill|hammer mill]]

== Biodigester ==
A sealed container that carries out the anaerobic digestion process. It needs to be able to separate and remove the liquid and gas phases and have an entrance/exit for the substrate. Sometimes heated and stire the content to produce even more.
Some new digesters have a step before the liquid is exiting the digester there it is heated up to 70 degree Celsius to remove some more of possible pathogens that could have survived.
* [[CEB Vaults|Guastavino masonry]] or plain CEBs to build biogas digester and holding tank for stored biogas. One holding tank could be used for the storage of biogas and [[Compressed Fuel Gas|Compressed fuel gas]].

== Cleaning or upgrading ==
This refers to remove sulfur and carbon dioxide to make it higher energy value and make it usable in engines.
...

[[File:Construction_of_digester.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Construction of underground digester with bricks. This is common in rural India and China]]

==Simple Open Source Biogas System==
[http://www.supergas.dk/ Supergas] - In 1996-97 [http://www.superflex.net/ Superflex] collaborated with biogas engineer Jan Mallan to construct a simple, portable biogas unit that can produce sufficient gas for the cooking and lighting needs of an African family. The system has been adapted to meet the efficiency and style demands of a modern African consumer. It is intended to match the needs and economic resources that we believe exist in small-scale economies. The orange biogas plant produces biogas from organic materials, such as human and animal stools. For a modest sum, a family will be able to buy such a biogas system and achieve self-sufficiency in energy. The plant produces approx. 3-4 cubic meters of gas per day of the dung from 2-3 cattle. This is enough for a family of 8-10 members for cooking purposes and to run one gas lamp in the evening.

== External Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Biogas]]
* [[appropedia:Category:Biogas|Appropedia Category: Biogas]]
* [[appropedia:Biogas_and_liquid_biofuels|Appropedia main biogas page]]
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas Biogas]
* [http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Biofuel p2pfoundation Category:Biofuel]
* [http://diy-biogas.org/ DIY Biogas] - Germany

==See Also==
* [[Biogas start up]]
* [[Biofuel]]
* [[Gasifier]]

Biogas

2013-01-30T17:40:18Z

Jth: clean

{{Category=Biofuel}}

[[File:Cooking_with_biogas.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Cooking with biogas]]
'''A gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.'''
[[File:Gas_generator.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Electric generator from biogas]]

== Applications ==
* Used for cooking, heating, electrical generation
* Production of [[Direct Reduced Iron|Direct reduced iron]] from rust or high-grade iron ore.
* Compressed and cleaned biogas for transportation with internal combustion engines
* Liquid slurry from digester tank can be used to fertilize [[duckweed]] pond
* Solid contents coming out of digester can be composted (vermicompost, BSF compost, [[biochar]] compost)
* The CO2 contained in biogas can be used in inside a greenhouse and can provide a boost to plant growth (CO2 concentrations up to 1500ppm are beneficial). This is effect widely used by commercial growers, but unfortunately they are using mostly fossil methane.
* Various uses in [[:Category:Metalworks|metallurgy]]

== Digesters ==
* [[CEB Vaults|Guastavino masonry]] or plain CEBs to build biogas digester and holding tank for stored biogas. One holding tank could be used for the storage of biogas and [[Compressed Fuel Gas|Compressed fuel gas]].

== Challenges ==
* Biogas production may need insulation or earth sheltering when used in cold climates witch could oterwise lead to breakdown of microbial populations. With CEB-blocks and insulation and option of heating, this is a design issue.

* Biogas can contatin some sulfur (that smells like rotting eggs) and it is then not reccomended to be used in egines for a prolonged time. The sulfuric acid can accumulate in the engine oil and it will need replacing and or clening after a while. To avoid some of this do not feed the digester with ojects that generate this gas like plasterwalls.. There exists some addetive that can limit this but should not be needed in this case. When used for direct burning like with a gas-nozle for coocking it can be used directly. But some dont like that smell when cooking.

* Biogas need cleaning (upgrading) to remove as mutch as possible of the contained sulfur and carbon dioxide for use in engines for gas-car transportation or electrical generaton. It is perferable need to be upgraded first to limit corosion and wear of motors. It is also possible to recover some heat from the motor and feed the carbon dioxide to the green house. Howto, more to come....

* Compessing into gascylinders if needed for mobile transportation and more easy handeling.

* process bulky biomass before it can go into a digester, using [[Hammer Mill|hammer mill]]

[[File:Construction_of_digester.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Construction of underground digester with bricks. This is common in rural India and China]]

==Simple Open Source Biogas System==
[http://www.supergas.dk/ Supergas] - In 1996-97 [http://www.superflex.net/ Superflex] collaborated with biogas engineer Jan Mallan to construct a simple, portable biogas unit that can produce sufficient gas for the cooking and lighting needs of an African family. The system has been adapted to meet the efficiency and style demands of a modern African consumer. It is intended to match the needs and economic resources that we believe exist in small-scale economies. The orange biogas plant produces biogas from organic materials, such as human and animal stools. For a modest sum, a family will be able to buy such a biogas system and achieve self-sufficiency in energy. The plant produces approx. 3-4 cubic meters of gas per day of the dung from 2-3 cattle. This is enough for a family of 8-10 members for cooking purposes and to run one gas lamp in the evening.

== Applications and Product Ecology ==
* biogas for cooking, heating
* electrical generation and heating at the same time
* [[CEB Vaults|Guastavino masonry]] or plain CEBs to build biogas digester and holding tank for stored biogas. One holding tank could be used for the storage of biogas and [[Compressed Fuel Gas|Compressed fuel gas]].
* methane for the production of [[Direct Reduced Iron|Direct reduced iron]] from rust or high-grade iron ore.
* compressed biogas for transportation / internal combustion engine
* liquid slurry from biogas tank can be used to fertilize [[duckweed]] pond
* solid contents coming out of digester can be composted (vermicompost, BSF compost, [[biochar]] compost)
* when biogas is burned inside a greenhouse, the CO2 enrichment can provide a boost to plant growth (CO2 concentrations up to 1500ppm are beneficial). This is effect widely used by commercial growers, but unfortunately they are using mostly fossil methane.
* various uses in [[:Category:Metalworks|metallurgy]]
* process bulky biomass before it can go into a digester, using [[Hammer Mill|hammer mill]]

== External Links ==
* [[Wikipedia:Biogas]]
* [[appropedia:Category:Biogas|Appropedia Category: Biogas]]
* [[appropedia:Biogas_and_liquid_biofuels|Appropedia main biogas page]]
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas Biogas]
* [http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Biofuel p2pfoundation Category:Biofuel]
* [http://diy-biogas.org/ DIY Biogas] - Germany

==See Also==
* [[Biogas start up]]
* [[Biofuel]]
* [[Gasifier]]

User talk:Dorkmo/Ideas/WaterStorage

2013-01-30T08:54:27Z

Jth: comment sinter

Hi, I fail to see how sand sintering could be a good material for use in the walls in a watertank. I think there is better materials by now that are not so brittle. Like plastic lining for example that would save time, money and work better for this purpose i think.
Stintering look more suited for smaller object maybe to melt some and pour it in a form to make dinner plates or glasses. Or make some small stationary pots or small barrels<br>
--[[User:Jth|Jth]] ([[User talk:Jth|talk]]) 09:54, 30 January 2013 (CET)

File:Gas generator.jpg

2013-01-29T20:55:00Z

Jth:

Biogas

2013-01-29T16:28:22Z

Jth: update some

{{Category=Biofuel}}

[[File:Cooking_with_biogas.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Cooking with biogas]]

== Challenges ==
* Biogas production may need insulation or earth sheltering when used in cold climates witch could oterwise lead to breakdown of microbial populations. With CEB-blocks and insulation and option of heating, this is a design issue.

* Biogas can contatin some sulfur (that smells like rotting eggs) and it is then not reccomended to be used in egines for a prolonged time. The sulfuric acid can accumulate in the engine oil and it will need replacing and or clening after a while. To avoid some of this do not feed the digester with ojects that generate this gas like plasterwalls.. There exists some addetive that can limit this but should not be needed in this case. When used for direct burning like with a gas-nozle for coocking it can be used directly. But some dont like that smell when cooking.

* Biogas need cleaning (upgrading) to remove as mutch as possible of the contained sulfur and carbon dioxide for use in engines for gas-car transportation or electrical generaton. It is perferable need to be upgraded first to limit corosion and wear of motors. It is also possible to recover some heat from the motor and feed the carbon dioxide to the green house. Howto, more to come....

* Compessing into gascylinders if needed for mobile transportation and more easy handeling.

[[File:Construction_of_digester.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Construction of underground digester with bricks. This is common in rural India and China]]

==Simple Open Source Biogas System==
[http://www.supergas.dk/ Supergas] - In 1996-97 [http://www.superflex.net/ Superflex] collaborated with biogas engineer Jan Mallan to construct a simple, portable biogas unit that can produce sufficient gas for the cooking and lighting needs of an African family. The system has been adapted to meet the efficiency and style demands of a modern African consumer. It is intended to match the needs and economic resources that we believe exist in small-scale economies. The orange biogas plant produces biogas from organic materials, such as human and animal stools. For a modest sum, a family will be able to buy such a biogas system and achieve self-sufficiency in energy. The plant produces approx. 3-4 cubic meters of gas per day of the dung from 2-3 cattle. This is enough for a family of 8-10 members for cooking purposes and to run one gas lamp in the evening.

== Applications and Product Ecology ==
* biogas for cooking, heating
* electrical generation and heating at the same time
* [[CEB Vaults|Guastavino masonry]] or plain CEBs to build biogas digester and holding tank for stored biogas. One holding tank could be used for the storage of biogas and [[Compressed Fuel Gas|Compressed fuel gas]].
* methane for the production of [[Direct Reduced Iron|Direct reduced iron]] from rust or high-grade iron ore.
* compressed biogas for transportation / internal combustion engine
* liquid slurry from biogas tank can be used to fertilize [[duckweed]] pond
* solid contents coming out of digester can be composted (vermicompost, BSF compost, [[biochar]] compost)
* when biogas is burned inside a greenhouse, the CO2 enrichment can provide a boost to plant growth (CO2 concentrations up to 1500ppm are beneficial). This is effect widely used by commercial growers, but unfortunately they are using mostly fossil methane.
* various uses in [[:Category:Metalworks|metallurgy]]
* process bulky biomass before it can go into a digester, using [[Hammer Mill|hammer mill]]

== External Links ==
* [[appropedia:Category:Biogas|Appropedia Category: Biogas]]
* [[appropedia:Biogas_and_liquid_biofuels|Appropedia main biogas page]]
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogas Biogas]
* [http://p2pfoundation.net/Category:Biofuel p2pfoundation Category:Biofuel]
* [http://diy-biogas.org/ DIY Biogas] - Germany

==See Also==
* [[Biogas start up]]
* [[Biofuel]]
* [[Gasifier]]

Babington Burner

2012-11-11T10:20:40Z

Jth: Undo the undoing, I like the comments

=Video of Successful Burner at Factor e Farm=
http://www.youtube.com/v/uwO_ysHOJZ8&hl=en&fs=1
=Introduction=

See [[Babington Burner Project Status]].

This burner is important because it is a versatile source of heat for: space heating, metal melting, glassworks, pottery, steam engines for remote power, heat engines for mobile power in cars and tractors, and many others. We can use it with any waste oil - crankcase, vegetable, etc. - plus [[Pyrolysis_Oil]] once we develop it. It is not a far stretch to produce pyrolysis oil- see this simple experimental proposition. Do you think this would yield useful amounts of liquid fuel?

=Problem Statement=

The problem statement is to design a simple, low-cost, high performance, optimal, open source, and replicable (see [[OSE Specifications]]) Babington burner. This burner should:
*Be capable of burning any oil
*Have auto ignition and flame sensor for auto reignition
*Circulating oil pump
*Compact size
*Scalability to larger and smaller power units

There is one Babington burner that has most of these features on the market - from [http://www.yellowbiodiesel.com/ yellowbiodiesel.com] - [http://openfarmtech.org/Bab_Operation_Manual.doc turnkey Babington burner] (Broken link)

=Background Research - Design Rationale=

So what is the synthesis of available information regarding the Babington Burner? [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/wastewatts/?yguid=233802573 Wastewatts] is one Yahoo group that deals with the Babington. What is the state of the art for:

*The type of ball used - size, shape (endcap with groove, ball, doorknob). Does wall thickness matter
**Do people have trouble with debris from inside the ball clogging up the ball hole? We had trouble, so we are cleaning our brass doorknow with an overnight vinegar bath.
**What is the number of holes that people have used? I've seen 1 and 2 hole versions on the internet.
**What is the hole size range? I've seen .01-.02 being used.
**What is the pressure range used?
**What is the range of flame size possible for a clean burn?
*Did anyone measure fuel usage rate and heat output in BTU or kW?
*What is the optimal pump used for active fuel pumping?
*Is there an upper limit to the desirable air pressure for the burner ball?
*What is the best type of shroud to use?
**Pipe section - what length, diameter, wall thickness?
**Air holes - what is the number and location for these?
**Ends of pipe - the flame end is open, and burner ball end is closed?
*Does anyone use forced air for additional air input?
*Applications - has anyone field-tested:
**Shop heating? There are lots of [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoZchyQL-K8&feature=related youtube videos].
**Water heating with heat exchanger? [Yes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBlZLQcj1IU]
**Steam generation? The last video shows a heat exchanger with water, I bet [this would work the same with a Babington Burner http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQ_mBwyTaiM&feature=related].
**Steam engine operation? The previous two ideas would need to be tested first.
**Combined heat power applications?
**Metal melting furnace? [This guy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjDeGDn_fkI] melts an aluminium cylinder head Aluminium.
**Pottery kiln? Simple kiln with Babington Burner [one http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUtgDPlSbVY] and [two http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvpjeG9wYiU].
**Brickworks? See above videos.
**Glassworks applications? Aluminium has a similar melting point to glass.
**Mobile power application in steam cars and tractors?
**Flame weed killer?
**Flamethrower for parades?
*What measures need to be taken to assure the flame does not go out?
*What is the optimal temperature range for the fuel feed, and how to preheat the fuel?
*What are other issues/quirks that make the Babington unstable?
*What is the expected lifetime of a burner ball? Is this an issue?
*Is regular cleaning required, or can this system be self-cleaning in continuous burning?
*Does anyone have effective, complete system designs that we can replicate?

=Internet Research=

After searching for hours on details for the Babington burner, here is the best one:

http://www.aipengineering.com/babington/Babington_Oil_Burner_HOWTO.html

[[Image:babpix.jpg]]

[http://www.aipengineering.com/babington/Babington_Oil_Burner_HOWTO.html (source)]

Here's a video that shows the clear potential of the Babington:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78ebfypFLXI

Here is several pictures of a design

[http://pateri.com/Foundry/Burners.html]

[[Image:Completed_head_assembly.jpg]]

[[Image:Preheat.jpg]]
Preheating oil via copper loop before atomization

=Parts Sourcing=

==Turnkey system==
*http://yellowheat.com/catalog $1500 (broken link)

==Drill Bits==
*Drill bit size table - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_and_tap_size_chart]
*Drill bit set - [http://www.ares-server.com/Ares/Ares.asp?MerchantID=RET01229&Action=Catalog&Type=Product&ID=15186]
**Ordered from Drill Bit City - [[http://drillcity.stores.yahoo.net/8001351.html]]
[[Image:microbits.jpg]]

==Burner Balls==
http://homebrewpower.co.uk/html-shop-products/babington-burner-nozzles-for-sale.html

Babington Nozzles For Sale
Babington burner atomizing nozzles are used to atomize almost all combustible fuel sources. Fuels such as vegetable oil, WVO waste vegetable oil, WMO waste motor oil, waste gearbox oil, waste transmission oil, peanut oil, canola oil and paraffin oil can all be burned very cleanly.

We guarantee to send each individual Nozzle out within 3 working days of receipt of money.

Our Babington Burner Nozzles have the following specifications:

Ball Diameter 50MM
Ball Material 1MM Thick Spun Brass
Air Connection 15MM Copper Compression Gland
Brazing Metal 55% Sure Silver M25T Rods 680 Degrees Celsius Melting Point
Atomizing Hole Specification 0.0135" Diameter Hole - Pillar Drilled @ 20,000 RPM
Air Pressure Suggested Rating 15 - 80 PSI - Set To Suit Individual Application
Finish Acid Dipped, Hand Wired & Polished
Notes On Finish Oxidization will occur when exposed to air - This does not affect performance
Construction Hand Made In The United Kingdom
Babington Ball Usage Clean Atomization of combustible oils & fats - Various Heating Projects
Purchase below if you are in the UK Click below for the rest of the world

http://homebrewpower.co.uk/html-shop-products/babington-burner-nozzles-for-sale.html

= Burner Ball=

Here is a brass endcap with a channel for directing oil flow:

[[Image:babsendcapball.jpg]]

Does this work better than a ball?

=Heat Exchanger for Water Heating=

We need to coil tubing for a heat exchanger. From Northern Tool:

[[Image:coil bender.jpg]]

=Implementation at Factor e Farm=

On 9.29.08 we started to put together our Babington burner.

We drilled a 0.0135 inch hole in the face of a hollow, brass doorknob - and brazed on a fitting that supplied compressed air at a constant pressure between 20-35 psi. We were able to atomize water but when we tried motor oil we had problems. We were able to produce a bit of a flame but never sustained burning. Two possibilities: 1) the hole became clogged from debris inside the burner ball, 2) the oil was not heated sufficiently. Has anyone had success in sustaining a flame over a long period? What is a good method for automatic ignition? Best way to regulate the flow over the ball? Any feedback is welcome from experienced Babsmen.

Technique: we attached a rotary tool to a regular drill press - to utilize the up-down motion of the drill press with the rototool as the work tool for the .0135 micro drill bit.

[[Image:babsatfactore.jpg]]

Water atomization was successful, seen in the last picture. Fuel atomization was not.

Next steps: heat oil properly - for now on a stove top, and use a metal dispenser container. Clean out the inside of the burner ball.

A day later: success!

[[Image:babflame.jpg]]

[[Category:Babington Burner]]

May 2009 [ Reply from Richard Rea ]
I have experimented with the Babington system.
Ball size = 50mm single hole
Hole size = .01 in
air = 3 bar
Fuel = recycled veg
Fuel temp = 60 deg C minimum for start
Open tube
Circ pump = 12v wiper motor coupled to a sump oil pump
Speed control= pulse width modulator
Burn rate = estimate 30,000 BTU, very clean exhaust
Safety = LDR flame detector, relay drops out and stops oil pump.

Future plans
Develop automatic start with electric element pre-heat.

August 2010.
Pre heat system working using a Deep Fat fryier.
Temp 90 Degrees C
Automatic start using a modified kerosine/diesel burner.
Burner attached to Firebird 90 boiler.
Running four radiators. 78 degrees C achieved before thermostat shuts down the air.

Problems yet to solve:
[1] Un burnt oil carry over into boiler. This oil then burns in TURK mode but creates smoke at shut-down.
[2] Automat adjustment of oil flow to allow reliable start but then reduce flow to give bestclean burn.

.

Great Link to Babington Burner Nozzles:

http://homebrewpower.co.uk/Babington-Burner-Nozzles-For-Sale.html

http://www.youtube.com/v/uwO_ysHOJZ8&hl

==See Also==
*[[Gasifier Burner]]
*[[Biofuel]]

Talk:Terminal Case

2012-11-04T11:19:15Z

Jth: Comment

Comment to design. That look very impact-resistant.. Do it really need to withstand to be run over by the lifetrack? I think it could be made a bit more cheap and easy with 3mm sheet of aluminum bent and screwed together. Similar if you know how most internal PC-powersupplys is constructed. --[[User:Jth|Jth]] 12:19, 4 November 2012 (CET)

User:Jth

2012-10-21T19:46:30Z

Jth: Me

Johan in Borlänge Sweden. <br>
I work as a security consultant. Got in contact with Linux in 1993-94. Together with modem and slatach command to allow for a first internet in school and downloaded new Slackware versiions slowly from FTP. Then also created the first webpage for the gymnasium.<br>
I have about 2KW solarcells-panels and some more to put up on the roof when I get the time.<br> I use them with some NIFE that is the company that manufacture NiCd batteries.

Login and use ''E-mail this user'' in the toolbox to the left if you want to send me a message.<br>
I would like to do some of the GVCS myself but I do not think I could do it myself on my own.<br>
So if you live in Sweden and would like to help out or just chat please send me a message.

Online Storage Options

2012-08-28T20:28:34Z

Jth: Ubuntu One

*Backblaze
*[https://www.dropbox.com/ Dropbox]
*Amazon S3
*Corkboard
*Ubuntu [https://one.ubuntu.com/downloads/ One]

[[Category:Cloud Storage]]

User:Jth

2012-07-25T17:28:23Z

Jth: Me here

Johan in Borlänge Sweden

Use ''E-mail this user'' in the toolbox to the left if you want to send me a message.<br>
I would like to do some of the GVCS myself but I do not think I could do it myself on my own.<br>
So if you live in Sweden and would like to help out or just chat please send me a message.

CNC Torch Table/Research Development

2012-07-25T17:07:08Z

Jth: /* electronics */ Powersupply

{{GVCS Header}}
{{Torch Table}}
=Prototype 2=
==torch table frame and mechanical assembly==
==software==
linux pc or mac?
arduino instructions
exaple GCode
==electronics==
Arduino instructions <br>
'''Heads up''' Now there is slight cheaper [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardLeonardo Arduino Leonardo] version instead of [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno Arduino Uno]

Stepper motors info <br>

Power supply info <br>
Maybe one or two recycled computer supplies can be used drive it. If 24V is needed, connect output in serial. On some PSU it is easy to adjust output voltage a bit. --[[User:Jth|Jth]] 19:07, 25 July 2012 (CEST)

==documentation==
need fabrication instructions for replication.
need parts list
==important links==

=Prototype 1=
==lessons learned and methods used==
section reserved for those who worked on the first prototype.
==documents==
add links to any cad files pdfs or images of the first torch table here.
==other info==
add any other links to documents videos or blog entries about prototype 1 here.

Talk:Energy Group Meetings

2012-07-23T12:46:20Z

Jth: sol

Hi <br>
I think you could build a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker Solar tracker] to maximize the solar you already have.
The panels should be fastened really good since they are more exposed and in an vulnerable position for high winds.

Take good care of your batteries and maybe use a cutoff relay or alarm if they get to low or high in voltage.

''2. Installing solar panels if we get a donation.''<br>
Yes, you need some more panels, you have less watt then me. Then a solarfire and some wind turbines

--[[User:Jth|Jth]] 14:46, 23 July 2012 (CEST)

OSE Music

2012-04-11T07:52:55Z

Jth: Jamendo Discover the true value of free music

This is music inspired by Open Source Ecology. Feel free to add your music.

* [http://www.jamendo.com/ Jamendo] Discover the true value of free music. Not specific for OSE but in the same spirit. It can take a little while to find what you like depending on your taste.

[[Category:Music]]

Germany/TiVA

2012-04-06T18:58:41Z

Jth: Link CFD+FEA to CAD tools, learned about some new software today

==Introduction==
Part of the modular [[Germany/Wind_Turbine|wind turbine]] system is a downscaled VAWT called [[TiVA]] with tiny dimensions. With these inexpensive, small prototypes we can have a fast prototyping and research pace. Any successful design approaches may then be scaled up and used at larger turbines.

The '''Ti'''ny '''V'''ertical '''A'''xis Wind Turbine is a general prototype model and testing platform for a larger wind turbine, and also the prototype for the Apollo-NG Zephyr Wind-Park Construction Kit. [[TiVA]] and [[Germany/Wind_Turbine|wind turbine]] specifications started with a joint development venture between [http://www.etemu.com etemu.com] and [http://apollo.open-resource.org Apollo-NG]. All information is released open source and for free, for a better world and for the fun of open collaboration. (CC BY-SA)

==Status==
The '''[[TiVA]]''' is currently in the research phase of product development, we are focusing on the dimensions and design of it's single components right now: CAE, 2D/3D CAD, and first steps in simulating with [[CAD_tools|CFD + FEA]].

==Prototyping==
We are gathering the resources for the first prototypes, here is a rough bill of materials for a first prototype: [[Media:Tiva_bom_prototype_p1.pdf]].

Do '''you'''<ref>yes, I mean you, my dear reader. :)</ref> have something available for this project? ''Please'' add yourself to this list and describe the parts, tools or experience you have to share.

TODO: post a list with all the parts needed for one TiVA.

NICE TO HAVE and still searching for this project:
Someone with the ability to establish FEM simulations of different
rotor type models and mechanics to analyze stress points in the
mechanics and to optimize the rotors performance.

===[[Alex Shure]]===
As I work at [http://www.etemu.com etemu.com], I have access to an electronic lab and some parts which could come in handy for a TiVA prototype. --[[User:Alex Shure|Alex Shure]] 13:23, 3 April 2012 (CEST)

* 16 high power RGB common anode LEDs<ref>attached to aluminium star shaped heatsinks, each with three 350 mA rgb emitters, 3 Wcontinuos, 4,6 Wpeak. best light vs current value may be at 180-260 mA, still visible from long distances. </ref>
* 6 AA NiMH cells, 2950 mAh
* 1 battery holder for 4 AA cells
* 4 MSP430 dev kits with debugging and hardware flash emulation.
* 1 Arduino Duemilanove, Atmega168
* 1 Arduino UNO, Atmega328, Atmega8U2
* 11 NRF24L01+ 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver modules<ref>(3V3) populated on a small SMD board, PCB antenna</ref>
* 8 LM2596 DC/DC step-down buck converter modules<ref>IN: 4-40(memo:check cap ratings!), OUT: 3,2-26, populated on a small SMD board. <200khz. iirc 70-90%, could be tuned with better coils.</ref>
* 19 IRF530 n-channel MOSFETs (no logic level types)
* various SMD resistors, also some shunt-suitable values in 1206

===Apollo-NG===
FIXME: e.g. full workflow for PCB prototyping... spray etching machine...

===Detlef Schmidt===
Detlef offered to build at least one prototype for our wind turbine project.

===YOU===
Yea, YOU! Please add yourself to this list if you have anything you can supply or want to contribute. Posts may be in English or German. Link to your profile or drop [[Alex Shure|Alex]] a line with your E-Mail, so we can get back to you if we need anything. :-)

''Funding with parts or money is very welcome!''

==TiVA design outlines==

<50cm long parts can be cut out at almost every small CNC machine.

48cm wings can be made out of:

# styrofoam, Styrodur etc with a hot wire CNC cutter
# the famous 2-by-4s with a planer
# like an R/C plane wing with wooden rips and a foiled surface
# sheet metal, aluminium sheeting bent over cores [rips]
# wooden sheet material
# plastic pipes

fixed main shaft: Do = 8 mm, 608ZZ radial single race bearings
rotating turbine assembly, rotor shaft where the bearings seat: Di = 22 mm

At this size, a single I-beam design should be suitable, not a dual-bridge-H-rotor assembly.

A V rotor looks promising, too. Resource demand is further reduced with this type of rotor. two bladed or three bladed? apparently, two bladed designs have severe problems with low wind conditions and self-starting issues => three bladed.

V-rotor advantages:
* least amount of material for a given lift-type wing surface
* best wing volume vs static structural volume ratio
* only one wing-fixture-point
* no bridges, less moving parts
* less connections, less machining operations, less screws or welds
* dissassembly is easier
* uses a higher surface at a larger height, less turbulences at the ground
* (tbd) less prone to oscillations?
* snow can't set onto most of the rotor
* can be adapted to also use up-winds in urban environments, especially interesting at the top of buildings.

__ __ <-test if winglets make a difference
\ / <- place a rope here, or lower;
\----/ <- to cope with centripetal forces at high rpm
\ / <- wings in V-form
\/ <- plate with wing-fixtures and seats for the two bearings
|| <- shaft/rotor coupling with two bearings
_/\_ <- any type of stand or clamp, generator, electronics

>I was thinking that we can't have a reliable ''absolute'' measuring device, so if all devices are built the same way then we can have a ''relative'' measuring device...
>>That is right, because there is no wing-tip-speed ratio at drag rotors. Perfect no-load drag wings have a wing-tip-speed ratio of one, thus rotating as fast as the wind ;)
>we would have to have half-cups as wings to form an actual absolute wind speed measure device like those things you can buy and don't put any load at the generator.

*Build a lovely grid and show, that wind turbines can be fun - we visualize the unused wind speed and energy. Plus it would be easy to deploy and portable, system voltage of 5V would provide charging power for mobile phones etc. USB power output could be easily done, fed by a 5 V buck-boost converter and 4 AA cells.

*can serve as a measure+log device for wind speeds
*has on-board electronics: switching power supply, 3.3V or 5V system voltage for MCU and electronics+LEDs, goldcap ?, mcu recommendation: either a low power ti MSP 16bit on a launchpad or the ordinary Atmel Atmega 328(pu) with an Arduino bootloader (or derivative) -> both would be diy-friendly and cheap.
*logging shield with shunts and opamps, goldcap, hprgb shield with logic level mosfets, software pwm.
*Reliable measurement is difficult in many ways, because devices would have to be calibrated in a (diy) wind tunnel. But let's see how far we get.
*can be deployed on a field, in an urban environment etc, flexible and mobile.
*one high power RGB LED acts as a universal signal: can be an indicator for wind speed, keep-alive.. or a 3 x 8 bit digital pixel. <br />
If deployed in an array on a field or in an urban environment: in low natural light conditions, at sundawn or in the night, the wind pattern can be determined by the flash+color pattern of the small wind turbines. MCU logging onto e.g. micro-sd card or via wireless link is an optional step.<br />
It would be a very cool art piece at night if all turbines would be connected to a master (which would be easy outdoors on a field) or connected in a grid. A pattern could be generated and all turbines could flash in sync. single flashes could be emitted with full power even if the wind conditions are bad, just the off-periods may be pretty long then.
*nodes may be connected (for example a cheap NRF24L01 node-based-network) or even simpler:
*'''the hp-LED is used as a transmitter and a cheap photo transistor as a receiver.''' Think of an infra-red remote control but with visible light and with much more power.
#Use a present IrDA protocol, for example IrSimple. (check the web for existing implementations and libraries in C for the MSP or AVR platform.)
#A system similar to [[ROnja]], but without any lenses. Maybe [[clock]] can help us out?

*[[TiVA]]s can be attached to the top of a tree, especially to free-standing ones. No pole required and higher wind speeds gained: ''win-win''.

*For a rough estimation, if the VAWT is working and how the wind condition is: Stick a thick wool or thin polythene (bin liner) tell-tales onto the top of the blades. This gives an indication of the relative speed of the blades and it is quite simple to see if the turbine is just being blown around by the drag on the downwind rotor or 'actually' running.

*A tell-tale in the centre of the rotor between the blades; so one can see the airflow through the rotor. As the rotor starts this will still blow out sideways, but when the rotor is running (without any load), it will hang limp indicating very little air flowing through the turbine. A gust or putting load on the turbine/generator will cause it to blow out sideways due to the wind which gets through.

== Mechanics ==

=== Base mount ===

<m>F_{pole} = \frac{1}{2} \times \rho \times C_d \times A_{wind} \times v_{wind}^2</m>

|<m>\rho</m>|Density of air = about 1.2 Kg/m³|
|<m>C_d</m>|Coefficient of drag = 1.0 (cylinder Re > 100)|
|<m>A_{wind}</m>|Area of turbine|
|<m>v_{wind}</m>| Wind speed in m/s|

=== Rotors ===

Compared to drag-only type rotors (Savonius), the lift-only type rotors (Darrieus) haven proven to be generally less suitable for low wind environments. However, the maximum speed of drag-only type rotors is always lower than a comparable lift-only type rotor, because a lift-only type rotor can rotate faster than the wind speed at the tips but with less torque. A drag-only type rotor can develop more torque, even at early stages in low wind conditions, but that would require a very specific and resource-intensive generator to acommodate for the very low rotational speed. A typical low end for a direct driven axial flux permanent magnet alternator with many poles is about 150 revolutions per minute. Everything under 150 rpm means huge additional resource investments into rare earth magnets and loads of copper (windings).

For the very small TiVA, the main focus will be on two types:

# The C-Rotor and further development based on it, with less parts if possible.
# A lift-only type rotor because of the wing form, which is formed by one profiled element or pipes, e.g. made of half DN100-PE-tubes (standard sewer piping in Germany)

=== C-Type Rotor ===

* Is a special type of H-rotor with a combined lift-and-drag-wing.

=== H-Type Rotor ===

* may be the simplest design, very simple wing form possible.
Darrieus rotor = wings in helix-form, spiraled, lift-type
simpler H-rotor: wings straight. Lift-type or Drag-type or lift-drag-type -> C-rotor

====C-type vs simple H-type====

con C-type, pro H-type:
* C-type requires two parts to form a wing -> more material
* wing tip has to be bent into an aerodynamic shape -> more complexity, especially at the mounting points
* upper wind speed limit is lower

pro C-type, con H-type:
* C-type requires lower wind speed, creates higher torque at lower wind speeds
* usable bandwidth of wind speed is higher

==Power estimation and electronics==

All calculations are made in the metric system. Corrections and additional apporaches are always welcome.

Power in the wind:

:<m>P_{wind} = \frac{1}{2} \times \rho \times A_{wind} \times v_{wind}^3</m>

|<m>P_{wind}</m>| is the power, which is available in the wind, as kinetic energy|
|<m>\rho</m>|Density of air = about 1.2 Kg/m³ |
|<m>A_{wind}</m>|Area of turbine |
|<m>v_{wind}</m>|Wind speed in m/s |

Estimated Wind-Power conversion (mechanical):

<m>P_{mech}=P_{wind} \times \rho_{turbine} </m>

while

<m>
\rho_{simple} = 20% \\
\rho_{decent} = 30% \\
\rho_{good} = 30% \\
\rho_{superbVAWT} = 40% \\
\rho_{superbHAWT} = 50%.
</m>

A tuned VAWT may have a best-case efficiency of 40%<ref>Can the EVAwt design yield more? To be determined!</ref>, while a simple drag-based turbine with no optimization nor special aerodynamics may have an efficiency of about 20%.

h_1=0.32 m <br />
d_1=0.32 m<br />
A_1=0.1024 m^2<br />
<br />
h_2=0.48 m<br />
d_2=0.32 m<br />
A_2=0.1536 m^2<br />

{|
|
|m/s
|km/h
|P_{0.1024m^2}[W]
|P_{0.1536m^2}[W]
|----
|
|1.8
|6.5
|0.35
|0.5
|
|----
|
|4.5
|16.00
|5.5
|8.2
|
|----
|
|6.25
|22.50
|15
|22.6
|
|----
|
|8.0
|29
|32
|48
|
|----
|}

{|
|
|m/s
|P_{0.1024m^2} [W]
|P_{\rho=0.2}
|P_{\rho=0.3}
|----
|
|1.8
|0.35
|0.07
|0.1
|----
|
|4.5
|5.5
|1.1
|1.65
|----
|
|6.25
|15
|3
|4.5
|----
|
|8.0
|32
|6.4
|9.6
|----
|}

{|
|
|m/s
|P_{0.1536m^2} [W]
|P_{\rho=0.2}
|P_{\rho=0.3}
|----
|
|1.8
|0.5
|0.1
|0.15
|----
|
|4.5
|8.2
|1.65
|2.5
|----
|
|6.25
|22.6
|4.5
|6.8
|----
|
|8.0
|48
|9.6
|14.4
|----
|}

*Assuming a bad (20%) or decent (30%) turbine design \rho_{turbine}=0.26
*A rather bad permanent magnet alternator with \rho_{alternator}=0.75;
*A normal synchronous rectifier with superb-by-design perfomance of \rho_{rect}=0.98;
*A buck-boost inverter with a good performance of \rho_{rect}=0.85;

<m>\rho_{overall}=0.25*0.75*0.98*0.85=0.16</m>

Conclusion: A 0.32 x 0.32 drag-only VAWT generates about P_{mech} = 0.1...10 W and in average German wind conditions (3 - 4 m/s??) about 0.5 - 1 W. If we have a good alternator (which will be easier at this size because of the high rpm) and a synchronous rectifier (rectifier not necessary if buck/boost power supply doesn't need DC, are there suitable packages for this mode?), most of the power will be available as an input for a buck/boost converter, which can operate reasonably well at these small power ratings.

Chrono developed a PDU (power distribution unit) which contains low power buck-boost inverters - maybe a small scale version can be powered directly by this wind turbine, generating only 5 V and 3.3 V, omitting the 12 V.

[[Alex]]: ''I would go for a 0.32 x 0.48 m^2 VAWT and I guess the overall efficiency will be about '''0.08 - 0.1'''.''

Assuming a worst-case average electrical power of 1 W after rectifying and regulating, one can still charge a cheap 4-pack of NiCd/NiMH (4 x 1.3 V = 5.2 V) which provides power for the system and for high power demands, e.g. activating the LED pattern at night. Charging all of the cells with 1 W from 0 % to 100 % takes (4 * 4 Wh) / 1 W = 16 h. At a wind speed of 8 m/s = 28,8 km/h and P_{el} = 48 W * 0.16 = 7.68 W, the batteries will be fully charged in just (4 * 4 Wh) / 7.68 W = 2 h 5 min.

One AA cell contains 1.3 V x 2500 mAh = 3.25 Wh of stored energy. We don't fully discharge the batteries, thus only 3 Wh will be used. However, taking charging and internal resistance losses and a safety margin into account, we need about 4 Wh of energy to store and retrieve about 3 Wh of energy.

4 AA cells equal 4 x 3 Wh = 12 Wh of energy. Without simultaneous recharging, this is enough to provide:

* five hours of one hp-LED shining at full brightness in white color or
* ten days of one hp-LED flashing at full brightness with one color at a duty cycle of 10%, e.g. on for one second and off for nine seconds.
* in real time without battery backup, the hp-LED may be pulsed at full power and 10% duty cycle at quite low wind speeds and 100% at >6.25 m/s.

==Main Controller: ''Wilssen''==

The '''''Wi'''reless'' / '''''Wi'''nd '''L'''ogging '''S'''ystem'' for '''''S'''ourcing '''EN'''ergy'' - Controller is monitoring all parameters.
''Wilssen'' is the brain of [[TiVA]] and checks all the voltages at any time the wind turbine is generating power.

What micro controller platform should we choose for ''Wilssen''?

* one MSP430G2231IPN14 16bit micro controller could work for ''ages'', at as low as 2V, it may consume 1 mW = 1/1000 W. Typical no-load best-case values from the MSP430 datasheet:
<blockquote>
0.1 µA RAM retention <br />
0.4 µA Standby mode (VLO) <br />
0.7 µA real-time clock mode <br />
220 µA / MIPS active <br />
</blockquote>

Excellent values! An 8-bit Arduino looks pretty old school against these numbers. ;-)

<blockquote>
>[[Alex]]: I have 6 MSP430 in a DIP form factor in my lab and 3 spare ti MSP430 Launchpad proto boards with onboard hardware flash emulator and debugger. (...)<br/>
>>[[Chrono]]: (...) I'd really recommend staying on avr for bigger projects since many people can do arduino now, so they
won't have to much trouble with pure avr. Another arch always reduces the amount of people who can deal with it yet :(<br />
>[[Alex]]: (...) I don't have the tools for AVR, except an Arduino. So no debugging, HV-programming or hardware emulation. The full dev kit for an MSP430 is dirt cheap at $4.30, including two MSP430s in DIPs, a hardware emulator, spy-by-wire, debugging etc.<br />
I agree with the Arudino-publicity argument, and I would always try to incorporate an Arduino, as it is the most simple and comprehensing development tool there is for beginners. However, the ti.MSP430s are relatively new. A downside is their not-so-easy dev environment. Eclipse or IAR or propietary, free software from ti can be used. I have not yet experimented with it, but I have Arduino experience. It would be new for the both of us.
</blockquote>

pro MSP430, con AVR/Arduino:

* the price! can be bought with a programmer for $4.30 vs Arduino $25 or a third-party Arduino for maybe $18. This is a serious difference.
* even the single MCUs are cheaper, also, the AtMegas for an Arduino bootloader are hard to get.
* less external parts for operation at high speeds, Arduino/atmega168 and 328 need an external oscillator to operate at full speed (16 Mhz)
* runs stable over a wide range of input voltage down to 1.8V
* an excellent sleep mode with RAM retention at only 0.1µA and great power efficiency. 220µA in full operation mode is an excellent figure for off-grid low energy applications. Almost no load to the turbine. Can also be powered by a "Joule Thief" and a single old AA battery, or just two old AA cells in series (3V). That should last for ages, at a constant current of 0.25 mA and an old battery of 1000 mAh, the unit will still run for 180 days, and the MSP430 can be operated with a supply voltage as low as 1.8V.

con MSP430:
* less memory, but this depends on the package, (there are top-end msp430 processors which cost less than $1 vs an ever-expensive-avr)
* less libraries available, smaller community

At a small production run of 10 TIVAs and the demand for USB ISP, Arduino vs MSP430 would equal 10*$25 = $250.00 vs 10*$4.30 = 43.00 (!)

A nice solution:
=> Write clean C-code and let it be compatible with MSP430 and AVR compilers. Some Arduino projects were easily ported to the MSP430.

=== controlled parallel-serial generator switching system ===

Draft for a closed control loop:

example values:
V_out = 16V
V_sys = variable, depending on load
V_gen = variable, depending on wind input and switching and system voltage

#watchdog V_out. if V_sys less than Vout, then
#serialize the windings,
##still to little voltage? -> if generator-coil-form-1 and many points are broken out of the coil, then serialize them in a pattern to gain more voltage
##too much voltage? nevermind, either wait for a small period of time because the rotor has a mass and stores kinetic energy, which first has to be converted by the "new serial-wound-generator". the speed will drop eventually and the voltage will stabilize itself, OR
##rapidly switch between parallel and serial modes (if the load, e.g. the synchronous rectifier, can cope with the spikes (inductive..) and has appropiate switiching abilities) and thus form an sort of automatic pulse width modulated, regulated, operation mode.
#if V_sys + Vdelta,hysteresis >Vout, then
#switch to parallel mode

other cases:

*any of the voltages exceed e.g. 56V: emergency mode:
* either make the generator windings float or short them.
: '''!! shorting may not be an option. only with temperature control of the generator and the semiconductors due to the heat generated at a shortcut.!!'''

*If all batteries are loaded and the current user power consumption level is minimal, the power surplus of the turbine should be fed into high power LEDs, pointing upwards from the base, lighting the turbine. This adds to protect the system of an unbalanced situation, when more power is generated than reasonably consume- or storable and at the same time to signal, that we still have more energy to share, inviting people to join, in a friendly and beautiful manner.

*In general, LEDs should also be incorporated at the controller: the controller should have a mosfet-switched control output, one 3W RGB led should display the wind speed or the battery voltage.. (on a scale from red to green and strobe patterns)

* 'high-tech' electronic idea: dual rotor on single pole design, counterrotating, brushless royer converter, doubled rpm, less poles, switching power supply is already build in due to the royer converter, coil-in-coil, core coupling, voltage output may be quite high from the start. lower electrical efficiency? downside: needs IP67 protected circuits on both the rotor and the stator of the royer converter. upside: output voltage could be regulated on-board. also, input voltage may be very low depending on the setup.
* variation: a rotor with lift-type wings on top and a rotor with drag-type wings at the bottom. thus the lower rotor gains speed at lower wind speeds but has a top end speed of approx. lift-type/2, while the lift-type wing still accelerates in high wind speed conditions.

== Modular Rectifier Options ==

=== Controlled - 4 MOSFET Rectifier ===

active synchronous rectifier <br />
German: "gesteuerter Synchrongleichrichter" <br />
Examples, Schematics & Links to concept

=== Schotky-Rectifier ===

Examples, Schematics & Links to concept

==TiVA applications==
I would like to deploy 1-3 of these tiny turbines at a nearby off-grid mountain bike downhill track, for which I am developing a MCU equipped timekeeping system. I hope to gain the interest for renewable energy / wind turbines of any passenger who rides or cheers there at a race and of course to supply the small timekeeping nodes with 5 V @ 21 mA. --[[User:Alex Shure|Alex Shure]] 13:31, 3 April 2012 (CEST)

==Appendix==
This wiki entry evolved from a pad at apollo.open-resource.org with [[chrono]] & [[Alex]]. We try to keep Apollo's wiki and this OSE wiki entry synchronized, however, there might be variations or recent additions on either platform.

<references />

Germany/Wind Turbine

2012-04-03T15:52:34Z

Jth: A bit more efficient Savonius then standard link

{{Germany}}

==Introduction==
We are developing an open source wind turbine with an agile open collaboration.

[[TiVA]] and [[Germany/Wind_Turbine|wind turbine]] specifications started with a joint development venture between [http://www.etemu.com etemu.com] and [http://apollo.open-resource.org Apollo-NG]. All information is released open source and for free, for a better world and for the fun of open collaboration. (CC BY-SA)

==[[TiVA]]==
Research and development is currently concentrated onto [[TiVA]], a tiny wind turbine prototyping platform. With this very small turbine, we can easily change parts, try out new ideas and increase the quality of the design on a small scale in a fast and inexpensive way. Please have a look at the [[TiVA]] page for further information.

==Team==
If you want to participate add your name and how you want to participate here, also please introduce yourself in the [[Germany/Communication#Google_Group|Google Group]].

* [[Alex Shure]] – research and development
* [[chrono]] -
* [[Nikolay Georgiev]] - communication and organization

==Roadmap / Log==

* 20120211 [[Alex Shure]] Start of "Open Agile SCRUM GVCS machine development" mailing list, [[Nikolay Georgiev]] sent an E-Mail to some OSE:E members - We begin to discuss the OSE:E project of constructing a wind turbine
* 20120222 [[Alex Shure]] First online meeting on the OSE:E project "develop a wind turbine" in mumble
* 20120311 [[Alex Shure]] I had a 6 hour meeting with a German wind turbine technician who works in QS where we discussed various aspects, advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines.
* 20120324 [[Alex Shure]] Had an online conference in mumble and spoke with [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Chrono Chrono], founder of the [[Apollo-NG]][https://apollo.open-resource.org] project. Chrono has experience in electronics, especially in integrated low power switching power supplies and mobile energy supplies. He is transforming a van into a mobile hackerspace, powered by renewable energy, totally off the grid.
* 20120325 [[Alex Shure]] Phone conference with Detlef Schmitz from the solar car team Heliodet; Detlef offered to build one small wind turbine prototype. He has contacts also with engineers and technicians form the solar car project, especially students from the FH/uni in Bochum.
* 20120326 [[Alex Shure]] Added the EVA wind turbine design. We could develop a VAWT which can be optionally equipped with the EVAwt features. The biggest disadvantage is the design issue with the top cover plate: with the EVAwt design, I can't think of an easy way to span the cables from the top for now.
* 20120327 [[Alex Shure]] [[chrono]] added a pad on Apollo for collaboration
* 20120328 [[Alex Shure]] Calculations
* 20120329 [[Alex Shure]] contacted Bernd from http://www.daswindrad.de
* 20120330 [[Alex Shure]] Added the [[TiVA]] idea
* 20120331 [[Alex Shure]] [[chrono]] moved the content from the pad at Apollo-NG into the dokuwiki at Apollo-NG. I split the [[TiVA]] parts and copied them to a wiki page here at [[OSE]]

==General design outlines==

The wind turbine should be loosely designed according to the [[OSE Core Values]] except points 8 and 9, which demand high performance and equal to or higher than industrial efficiency <ref>[[OSE Core Values]] points 8 and 9 demand a high performance and equal to or higher than industrial efficiency but the efficiency of a highly sophisticated industrial, FEA designed and airflow-simulated, wind tunnel tested model can't be matched by a diy design.</ref>

In addition to the [[OSE Core Values]], the wind turbine should be safe to operate, e.g. have a suitable safety factor in all structural calculations, proper isolation to prevent an electric shock.

We want to design a rather small VAWT, resulting in the following advantages:

* + DIY! People should be able to build them! -> KISS principle
* + less moving parts
* + does not necessarily have to be elevated, can stand on the ground
* + collects wind from every direction: no need for a directional control (+less mechanics, electronics)
* + has a smaller footprint
* + easier to design
* + way more easy to build
* + does not need a variable pitch control for high wind speed/ high power designs
* + uses cheaper materials, less bearings and axles, less machining operations
* + maintenance is easier, as the generator is on the ground, no need for a lift or a breakdown of the turbine head
* + a modular design is possible in a certain range (e.g. building it higher/longer in any direction)
* + does not necessarily need moldings or 3D shapes like sophisticated VAWT turbine blades

* - lower rpm at the same rotor diameter, at the same wind surface area due to the partly reversed draft of the wings but:
* + can have a small diameter but a rather large height, thus more torque ''and'' more rpm

Main disadvantage against a horizontal axis wind turbine:

* - less power output compared to a sophisticated HAWT design if wind direction does not change often and turbulence is low

The small form factor alone yields the following advantages next to being diy-friendly:

* + easier maintenance
* + mobility, less weight
* + smaller impact on the environment/nature
* + lower system voltage and lower currents, less risky to operate
* + a smaller power rating results in a less complicated generator and inverter design
* + batteries can be charged quick&dirty with a simple charging circuit from a small wind turbine, which would not be possible with a high power wind turbine

Specialties about distributed energy sourcing with small wind turbines:

* (tbd) Multiple smaller wind turbines may have more physical weight per sourced energy (kg/kW) versus one large one.
* - requires an additional electrical infrastructure between multiple smaller wind turbines versus one large one -> more cables and balancing (electronics)
* + the grid can be laid out in such a way, that the turbines can be placed where the energy is needed the most, resulting in smaller run lengths of power cables and less power losses.
* + the small turbines can easily be moved to an area with a higher wind speed. This is interesting when it comes to structural or seasonal changes of the wind, e.g. when the trees grow leaves and form a barrier which decreases the ground wind speed or they form an alley/a tunnel which increases the wind speed, one may move the wind turbine to gain from the new environment.

Simply said, it is more flexible to use many small turbines versus one large one. If a larger energy source is required, we connect multiple wind turbines in a local grid -> distributed energy sourcing, a 'wind farm' consisting of VAWTs:

[[File:flowe.jpg|thumb|alt=A VAWT testing space|The ''Caltech Field Laboratory for Optimized Wind Energy'' where arrays of closely spaced ''vertical axis wind turbines'' were tested.]]
<blockquote>Dabiri carried out field tests in the summer of 2010 at an experimental farm known as the Field Laboratory for Optimized Wind Energy (FLOWE), which houses 24 10-meter-tall, 1.2-meter-wide VAWTs. In the field tests, which used six VAWTs, Dabiri and his colleagues measured the rotational speed and power generated by each of the turbines when placed in a number of different configurations. One turbine was kept in a fixed position for every configuration, while the others were on portable footings that allowed them to be shifted around.
They found that the aerodynamic interference between neighboring turbines was completely eliminated when all the turbines in an array were spaced four turbine diameters (roughly five meters or 16 feet) apart. In comparison, propeller-style HAWTs would need to be spaced 20 rotor diameters apart - which equates to a distance of more than one mile for the largest wind turbines currently in use - for the aerodynamic interference to be eliminated.
The six VAWTs generated from 21 to 47 watts of power per square meter of land area, while a comparably sized HAWT farm generates just two to three watts per square meter.<ref>http://www.gizmag.com/optimizing-wind-turbine-placement/19217/</ref></blockquote>

==How does the wind turbine generate energy?==

The energy is in the wind due to it's speed/local pressure differences. A wind turbine ''converts'' kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy. The VAWT yields energy as kinetic energy from the wind is absorbed by rotating wings.

{{Wide image-noborder|ETEMUcom_EVAwt6_iso.jpg|1280px|3=A sketched 3D ISO view of a simplified VAWT wind energy diagram. Full size view recommended. Note: Pictured is a drag-only rotor, but our intention is to design a lift-rotor, as it has a higher tip speed ratio and revolves faster.|4=99%|alt=A sketched 3D ISO view of a simplified VAWT wind energy diagram. Full size view recommended. Note: Pictured is a drag-only rotor, but our intention is to design a lift-rotor, as it has a higher tip speed ratio and revolves faster.}}

==EVA wind turbine==

[[File:ETEMUcom_EVAwt8_intake_top_iso.jpg|thumb|Example of an '''''EVA''' wind turbine'' design, ISO view of the top end. Note the wing at the front and the tail rudder.<ref>http://etemu.com/p/evawt/ETEMUcom_EVAwt6_iso.jpg</ref>]]
The '''''E'''nhanced '''V'''ertical '''A'''xis Wind Turbine'' idea incorporates an intake manifold at the front which is always facing the direction where the strongest wind is coming from. The main disadvantage of the VAWT against a HAWT is reduced: There is no attacking wind which will work against the natural, clockwise rotation of the VAWT. This may result in an increased overall efficiency.

* + No wind is working 'against' the turbine, contrary to a standard VAWT, where half of the turbine is exposed to wind which flows into the 'wrong' direction
* + The wind speed right at the turbine intake is increased <ref>The deflection at the front adds up two "surfaces" of wind. However, the resulting wind speed won't change drastically.</ref>
* + (tbd) less oscillating forces, the wind flow is about unidirectional at the turbine: less vibrations and less wear at the rotating parts, more static and less dynamic thrust at the bearings, less torque ripple and cyclical stress.
* - More material is used for the construction of an '''''EVA''' wt'': two bearings, arms and static wings. However, these additional parts are not difficult to create, as the surfaces are all plan

Who can help with FEA + fluid dynamics and simulate the wind flow at various EVA wind turbine designs? We want to investigate what wing form the intake should have and at which angle it should be mounted. Also:
Does it increase the efficiency if there's another, longer planar surface at the right of the intake parallel to the wind direction (The position where only a short, structural surface is shown in the sketches)

<gallery>
File:ETEMUcom_EVAwt7_top_detailed_diagramm.jpg|Normal airflow in a VAWT at the maximum torque moment. Note the non-uniform airflow with varying surfaces as the turbine blades advance.<ref>http://etemu.com/p/evawt/ETEMUcom_EVAwt7_top_detailed_diagramm.jpg</ref>
File:ETEMUcom_EVAwt8_intake.jpg|Airflow in the '''''EVA''' wt'' design. View from the top.<ref>http://etemu.com/p/evawt/ETEMUcom_EVAwt8_intake.jpg</ref>
File:ETEMUcom_EVAwt8_intake_top_iso.jpg|Example of a simple constructional integration of the '''''EVA''' wt'' design with sheet material. ISO-View from the top.<ref>http://etemu.com/p/evawt/ETEMUcom_EVAwt8_intake_top_iso.jpg</ref>
</gallery>

=Calculations and Simulations=

All calculations are made in the ''metric'' system. Corrections and additional approaches are always welcome.

Let's start with the base mount.
As the design outlines state we won't start with a turbine greater than 4 m² due to restrictions in Europe pointed out by Detlef Schmitz. A wind surface of 4 m² equals a 2 m diameter rotor with a height of 2 m.

:<m>F_{pole} = \frac{1}{2} \times \rho \times C_d \times A_{wind} \times v_{wind}^2</m>

<m>\rho</m> = Density of air = about 1.2 Kg/m³ <br />
<m>C_d</m> = Coefficient of drag = 1.0 (cylinder Re > 100) <br />
<m>A_{wind}</m> = Area of turbine = 4 m² <br />
<m>v_{wind}</m> = Wind speed in m/s

(insert proper values here and calculate the displacement of the pole at high loads. Consider serious safety factor for robustness and against oscillations.)

Maximum wind speed the turbine has to withstand:
{|
|IEC wind class
|I
|II
|III
|IV
|----
|50-year-maximum
|50 m/s
|42,5 m/s
|37,5 m/s
|30 m/s
|----
|average wind speed
|10 m/s
|8,5 m/s
|7,5 m/s
|6 m/s
|----
|}

==Estimating the power output of the VAWT==

=====Power available in the wind:=====

:<m>P_{wind} = \frac{1}{2} \times \rho \times A_{wind} \times v_{wind}^3</m>

<m>P_{wind}</m> is the power, which is available in the wind. It is available as kinetic energy due to the moving mass of the air.<br />
<m>\rho</m> = Density of air = about 1.2 Kg/m³ <br />
<m>A_{wind}</m> = Area of turbine = max 4 m² at a small scale turbine <br />
<m>v_{wind}</m> = Wind speed in m/s <br />

=====Power available from the turbine:=====

This is the estimated ''mechanical'' wind power conversion.

:<m>P_{mech}=P_{wind} \times \rho_{turbine} </m>
while <br \>
<m>
\rho_{simple} = 20% \\
\rho_{decent} = 30% \\
\rho_{good} = 30% \\
\rho_{superbVAWT} = 40% \\
\rho_{superbHAWT} = 50%
</m><br \>

A tuned VAWT may have a best-case efficiency of 40%<ref>Can the EVAwt design yield more? Tbd!</ref>, while a simple drag-based turbine with no optimization nor special aerodynamics may have an efficiency of about 20%.

==Other links==
* [http://www.rhein-zeitung.de/regionales/neuwied_artikel,-Energiemarkt-Frischer-Wind-weht-aus-Asbach-_arid,247585.html non OS example 1]
* http://www.fundamentalform.com/html/involute_wind_turbine.html
* http://www.daswindrad.de/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=21
* http://www.tinytechindia.com/windenergy.htm
* http://www.macarthurmusic.com/johnkwilson/MakingasimpleSavoniuswindturbine.htm An bit more efficient Savonius
====Daniel====
* http://www.youtube.com/user/danielturbin/videos?sort=dd&view=0 Wind is only one of many nice things he did
* http://www.maskinisten.net/viewtopic.php?t=8655 Forum with pictures and tests explained in Swedish

==Sources==
<references />

Germany/Wind Turbine

2012-03-26T20:37:17Z

Jth: Daniel you missed OSE and I miss you. Jag saknar dig.

{{Germany}}

We want to develop an open source wind turbine with an agile open collaboration.

==Team==
If you want to participate add your name and how you want to participate here, also please introduce yourself in the [[Germany/Communication#Google_Group|Google Group]].

* [[Alex Shure]] – research and development
* [[Nikolay Georgiev]] - communication and organization

==Roadmap / Log==

* 20120211 [[Alex Shure]] Start of "Open Agile SCRUM GVCS machine development" mailing list, [[Nikolay Georgiev]] sent an E-Mail to some OSE:E members - We begin to discuss the OSE:E project of constructing a wind turbine
* 20120222 [[Alex Shure]] First online meeting on the OSE:E project "develop a wind turbine" in mumble
* 20120311 [[Alex Shure]] I had a 6 hour meeting with a German wind turbine technician who works in QS where we discussed various aspects, advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines.
* 20120324 [[Alex Shure]] Had an online conference in mumble and spoke with [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Chrono Chrono], founder of the [[Apollo-NG]][https://apollo.open-resource.org] project. Chrono has experience in electronics, especially in integrated low power switching power supplies and mobile energy supplies. He is transforming a van into a mobile hackerspace, powered by renewable energy, totally off the grid.
* 20120325 [[Alex Shure]] Phone conference with Detlef Schmitz from the solar car team Heliodet; Detlef offered to build one small wind turbine prototype. He has contacts also with engineers and technicians form the solar car project, especially students from the FH/uni in Bochum.

==Requirements==
The wind turbine should be designed according to the [[OSE Core Values]] except points 8 and 9, which demand high performance and equal to or higher than industrial efficiency <ref>[[OSE Core Values]] points 8 and 9 demand a high performance and equal to or higher than industrial efficiency but the efficiency of a highly sophisticated industrial, FEA designed and airflow-simulated, wind tunnel tested model can't be matched by a diy design.</ref>

In addition to the [[OSE Core Values]], the wind turbine should be safe to operate, e.g. have a suitable safety factor in all structural calculations, proper isolation to prevent an electric shock.

==Design outlines==

We want to design a rather small VAWT, resulting in the following advantages:

* + DIY! People should be able to build them! -> KISS principle
* + less moving parts
* + does not necessarily have to be elevated, can stand on the ground
* + collects wind from every direction: no need for a directional control (+less mechanics, electronics)
* + has a smaller footprint
* + easier to design
* + way more easy to build
* + does not need a variable pitch control for high wind speed/ high power designs
* + uses cheaper materials, less bearings and axles, less machining operations
* + maintenance is easier, as the generator is on the ground, no need for a lift or a breakdown of the turbine head
* + a modular design is possible in a certain range (e.g. building it higher/longer in any direction)
* + does not necessarily need moldings or 3D shapes like sophisticated VAWT turbine blades

* - lower rpm at the same rotor diameter, at the same wind surface area due to the partly reversed draft of the wings but:
* + can have a small diameter but a rather large height, thus more torque ''and'' more rpm

Main disadvantage against a horizontal axis wind turbine:

* - less power output compared to a sophisticated HAWT design if wind direction does not change often and turbulence is low

The small form factor alone yields the following advantages next to being diy-friendly:

* + easier maintenance
* + mobility, less weight
* + smaller impact on the environment/nature
* + lower system voltage and lower currents, less risky to operate
* + a smaller power rating results in a less complicated generator and inverter design
* + batteries can be charged quick&dirty with a simple charging circuit from a small wind turbine, which would not be possible with a high power wind turbine

Specialties about distributed energy sourcing with small wind turbines:

* (tbd) Multiple smaller wind turbines may have more physical weight per sourced energy (kg/kW) versus one large one.
* - requires an additional electrical infrastructure between multiple smaller wind turbines versus one large one -> more cables and balancing (electronics)
* + the grid can be laid out in such a way, that the turbines can be placed where the energy is needed the most, resulting in smaller run lengths of power cables and less power losses.
* + the small turbines can easily be moved to an area with a higher wind speed. This is interesting when it comes to structural or seasonal changes of the wind, e.g. when the trees grow leaves and form a barrier which decreases the ground wind speed or they form an alley/a tunnel which increases the wind speed, one may move the wind turbine to gain from the new environment.

Simply said, it is more flexible to use many small turbines versus one large one. If a larger energy source is required, we connect multiple wind turbines in a local grid -> distributed energy sourcing, a 'wind farm' consisting of VAWTs:

[[File:flowe.jpg|thumb|alt=A VAWT testing space|The ''Caltech Field Laboratory for Optimized Wind Energy'' where arrays of closely spaced ''vertical axis wind turbines'' were tested.]]
Dabiri carried out field tests in the summer of 2010 at an experimental farm known as the Field Laboratory for Optimized Wind Energy (FLOWE), which houses 24 10-meter-tall, 1.2-meter-wide VAWTs. In the field tests, which used six VAWTs, Dabiri and his colleagues measured the rotational speed and power generated by each of the turbines when placed in a number of different configurations. One turbine was kept in a fixed position for every configuration, while the others were on portable footings that allowed them to be shifted around.
They found that the aerodynamic interference between neighboring turbines was completely eliminated when all the turbines in an array were spaced four turbine diameters (roughly five meters or 16 feet) apart. In comparison, propeller-style HAWTs would need to be spaced 20 rotor diameters apart - which equates to a distance of more than one mile for the largest wind turbines currently in use - for the aerodynamic interference to be eliminated.
The six VAWTs generated from 21 to 47 watts of power per square meter of land area, while a comparably sized HAWT farm generates just two to three watts per square meter.<ref>http://www.gizmag.com/optimizing-wind-turbine-placement/19217/</ref>

==Other links==
* [http://www.rhein-zeitung.de/regionales/neuwied_artikel,-Energiemarkt-Frischer-Wind-weht-aus-Asbach-_arid,247585.html non OS example 1]
* http://www.fundamentalform.com/html/involute_wind_turbine.html
* http://www.daswindrad.de/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=21
* http://www.tinytechindia.com/windenergy.htm
====Daniel====
* http://www.youtube.com/user/danielturbin/videos?sort=dd&view=0 Wind is only one of many nice things he did
* http://www.maskinisten.net/viewtopic.php?t=8655 Forum with pictures and tests explained in Swedish

==Sources==
<references />

Talk:Germany/Wind Turbine

2012-03-26T07:19:30Z

Jth: answer questionable claims

Several issues withn small size VAWT haven't been mentioned yet:

The power output per square meter wind farm may be higher for small VAWTs, but the disadvantage is, they use the area exclusively. With large HAWTs spaced 400ft apart, the area can be used for farming with a minimum area lost for wind power, VAWT spaced at 20 ft don't allow any use.

Higher weight per power (kg/kW) means also higher costs per kW as materials don't come for free.

In the OSE wiki I found some requirements for wind turbines:
<<<Low-cost - must cost less than $1 per installed watt and $0.05/kWh produced on a medium speed site (6m/s average speed [13.4mph, 21.6km/h])
>>>
I am very curious if its possible to achieve this goal with small turbines.

Bastelmike 25/03/2012

Both VAWT & HAWT are on poles or towers that you have to avoid running into with the tractor. But that is more of a secondary question where you put them and not the construction the thing we are trying to do here first. Just make room for a tractor to pass between them and you are done. It is dependent on where you are so I wonder if you have this problem or if you try hard to think of problems that do not exist yet. In that case take a look at the tasks that need help and do something more constructive instead.
Regarding cost it will be interesting to see what we come up with. If we don't reach the goal we can hopefully improve. That is what this is about./Johan