Open Source Ecology - User contributions [en]

Inverter Circuits

2011-11-19T12:52:46Z

Saxin: Removing dead links

==Overview==
A list of various circuits that may be helpful in design of the [[Inverter]].

==Links==
*http://www.rlocman.com.ru/en/ RadioLocman. A very large archive of electronic circuits. You can find almost any type of circuit here, many with discriptions and explanations.
*http://www.chipcenter.com/ ChipCenter. Research electronic IC chips and view their datasheets.
*http://www.sm0vpo.8m.com/ Harry's Homebrew Homepage. A very interesting site with basic electrical theory, conversion and calculation programs, radio information, amplifier information, and a lot of circuits.
* http://www.romanblack.com/micro_gt.htm Micro Grid-Tie: A possible system to feed micro solar power back to the mains grid
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/grid_tie_inverter
* http://www.tinaja.com/magsn01.asp Don Lancaster's Guru's Lair Magic Sinewaves Library
* http://solar.smps.us/grid-tied.html a typical grid tie solar power system

==See Also==
*[[Electronics]]
*[[Inverter]]

[[Category: Links]]
[[Category: Energy]]
[[Category: Electronics]]

Universal Power Supply/Use Cases

2011-10-20T15:25:30Z

Saxin:

=Overview=
Likely usage scenarios of a [[Universal Power Supply]] with regard to environment, in- and output voltage, in- and output current or power, user interaction and adjustment, typical west world market price for equivalent solutions, etc.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|+ Universal Power Supply Use Cases, typical values
|-
! <nowiki><nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki></nowiki>scope="col" class="unsortable"| Use case
! scope="col" | Input (V)
! scope="col" | Output (V)
! scope="col" | Input (A)
! scope="col" | Output (A)
! scope="col" | Output (W)
! scope="col" | Market price (USD)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Interaction
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Environment
|-
| Solar Panel Inverter || 12? || 240 || ? || || || ? || Configured on installation || A safe, stable and dry place
|-
| Welding || || ? || || ? || ? || || ? || Dusty, possibly wet places
|-
| Induction furnaces || || || || || || || ||
|-
| Plasma cutters || || ? || || ? || ? || || ? || ?
|-
| Welding || || ? || || ? || ? || || ? || ?
|-
|}

Universal Power Supply/Use Cases

2011-10-20T10:37:56Z

Saxin: Please fill out

Universal Power Supply/Proposal 1

2011-10-20T10:19:41Z

Saxin: Adding graph

=Overview=
Proposal 1 is outlined in [[File:UPS CAN proposal blockdiagram.pdf]]. The concept is to use a controller card that continuously monitors the three majors stages of electrical conversion; rectification, buck-boost conversion and inversion (see below). The controller also communicates with other devices over a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus CAN bus] in order to sync wave forms or report device status (temperature e.g.).

=Technical outline=
Below are brief descriptions on how each part is intended to work.

==Controller==
The controller card is based on an Atmel AT90CAN MCU, an 8-bit processor running at 16MHz maximum. The MCU features a CAN interface, UART, eight 10-bit ADC channels for measuring and -40°C(-40°F) to +85°C(+185°F) operating temperature.

The idea is to use smaller specialized controller circuits for the different conversion stages, e.g. a PFC circuit for the DC-DC stage and an inverter circuit for the inverter stage, and then intercept their feedback with the MCU, process the value and feed it back to the controller by DA-conversion of a PWM signal. In this way the controller may change the desired output voltage or frequency at any time.

Possibly the controller can be used to completely replace one or more specialized circuits, significantly decreasing cost.

The MCU will require very complex software, especially if used for grid-tie inversion, which will later make a large chapter all on its own.

==Rectifyer==
[[Image:FET_Diode_Comparison_Chart.JPG|400px|thumb|Rectifyer power dissipation as a function of current]]
The rectification stage could be a simple diode bridge, which is cheap and good at very high currents, or a more advanced MOSFET bridge with a controller. The latter has the advantages of handling very inductive sources such as alternators in windmills, and could possibly also be used for solar MPP tracking. Also MOSFETs are less impedant at lower and medium currents.

==Buck-boost Converter==

==Inverter==

Talk:Universal Power Supply/Proposal 1

2011-10-20T10:10:40Z

Saxin: Created page with "=Open questions= * Assuming the device as a whole is rated to deliver 2000W, what is the lowest probable AC voltage to be supplied? 100VAC? Would a turbine generate less? Assumin..."

=Open questions=
* Assuming the device as a whole is rated to deliver 2000W, what is the lowest probable AC voltage to be supplied? 100VAC? Would a turbine generate less? Assuming worst case is 12VAC, then that is 2000/12=166A. That means 25W heat dissipation in the best case - not feasible. There need to be a minimum input AC voltage. What is the lowest AC input voltage that would likely see use?

Universal Power Supply/Proposal 1

2011-10-20T07:43:39Z

Saxin: Beginning to outline a proposal

=Overview=
Proposal 1 is outlined in [[File:UPS CAN proposal blockdiagram.pdf]]. The concept is to use a controller card that continuously monitors the three majors stages of electrical conversion; rectification, buck-boost conversion and inversion (see below). The controller also communicates with other devices over a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus CAN bus] in order to sync wave forms or report device status (temperature e.g.).

=Technical outline=
Below are brief descriptions on how each part is intended to work.

==Controller==
The controller card is based on an Atmel AT90CAN MCU, an 8-bit processor running at 16MHz maximum. The MCU features a CAN interface, UART, eight 10-bit ADC channels for measuring and -40°C(-40°F) to +85°C(+185°F) operating temperature.

The idea is to use smaller specialized controller circuits for the different conversion stages, e.g. a PFC circuit for the DC-DC stage and an inverter circuit for the inverter stage, and then intercept their feedback with the MCU, process the value and feed it back to the controller by DA-conversion of a PWM signal. In this way the controller may change the desired output voltage or frequency at any time.

Possibly the controller can be used to completely replace one or more specialized circuits, significantly decreasing cost.

The MCU will require very complex software, especially if used for grid-tie inversion, which will later make a large chapter all on its own.

==Rectifyer==
The rectification stage could be a simple diode bridge, which is cheap and good at very high currents, or a more advanced MOSFET bridge with a controller. The latter has the advantages of handling very inductive sources such as alternators in windmills, and could possibly also be used for solar MPP tracking. Also MOSFETs are less impedant at lower and medium currents.

==Buck-boost Converter==

==Inverter==

OSE Europe

2011-10-18T13:00:52Z

Saxin: /* First OSE community in Europe */ Adding myself.

This page will contain the information on people and projects connected to Open Source Ecology from Europe.
=OSE Europe Foundation Charter=

Open Source Ecology Europe is chartered for the purpose of furthering the goals of Open Source Ecology, based in Missouri, US. It will adhere to the goals as determined by OSE International. Its aim is to provide a regional structure that will work towards the completion of the GVCS 50 by January 2013. It is a European group in which local chapters and individuals can come together to raise monies for the GVSC 50 prototyping. It is a networking organisation that allows people to meet like-minded OSEEr’s. OSE Europe is considered a branch of the central OSE organization. After January 2013 assuming the deliverables have been met, It will co-ordinate the efforts of
European local chapter and Village activities to promote OSE concepts including the GVCS technologies, abundance based economies, sustainable agriculture, and cooperative living. This will be achieved through educating and informing people on the topic of open source technology and lifestyle. Any funding generated will go to the development of the Global Village Construction Set at Factor e Farm until the January 2013. After which the OSEE governance rules will apply.

=First OSE community in Europe=

If you are interested in creating the first Open Source Ecology community in Europe, please add your name and contacts to the list:

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|+ First OSE community in Europe
|-
! <nowiki><nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki></nowiki>scope="col" | User page
! scope="col" width="100" | Email
! scope="col" | Skype
! scope="col" | Origin (country)
! scope="col" | Living in (country)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Comments
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Vision
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Time available: h/week
|-
| [[Nikolay Georgiev]] || nikolay (at) opensourceecology.org || nikolay.h.georgiev || Bulgaria || Germany || x || [[OSE_Europe/Nikolay_Georgiev|My Vision]] || 8-10h/day, since 13. July
|-
| [[Stefan Raabe]] || raabe.stefan (at) googlemail.com || || Germany || Germany || http://kombinatg.org|| ||
|-
| [[Sasha Mrkailo]] || mrkflux (at) gmail.com || || Serbia || Serbia || Love to see this materialise in Europe! http://www.sashamrkailo.com/blog|| ||
|-
| [[Alvaro Bahls]] || alvarobahls (at) googlemail.com || || Brazil || Czech Republic || x|| ||
|-
| [[Andreas Gmeiner]] || GmeinerAndreas (at) gmx.de || || Germany || Germany || [http://www.uharc.net/wiki/planraum:ose planraum->ose] || [[OSE_Europe/Andreas_Gmeiner|My Vision]]||
|-
| [http://www.youtube.com/user/Willcleaver?feature=mhee Will Cleaver] || willcleaver (at) gmail.com || williamcleaver || England || England || x|| ||
|-
| [[Alex Ford]] || alex665321 (at) hotmail.com || || United Kingdom || Bulgaria || x|| ||
|-
| [[Robin Bäckman]] || robinbackman (at) gmail.com || || Finland || Finland || x|| ||
|-
| [[Robert Anteau]] || anteau (at) hushmail (dot) com || || Netherlands || Netherlands || x|| ||
|-
| [[Alvaro F Boirac]] || alphydan (at) gmail (dot) com || || Europe || United Kingdom || x|| [[Open_Source_Ecology_Europe/AlvaroFBoirac|test]]||2-3 h/week. More after Dec. 11
|-
| [[Ino D. Fleischmann]] || ino.fleischmann (at) gmail (dot) com || || Germany || Germany, Berlin || x|| ||
|-
| [[Miquel Torres]] || tobami (at) gmail (dot) com || || Spain || Germany || x|| ||
|-
| [[Alexander F. Lieders]] || cicnos (at) gmail.com || || Brazil || Czech Republic || x|| ||
|-
| [[Evgeni Pandurski]] || epandurski (at) gmail (dot) com || || Bulgaria || Bulgaria || x|| ||
|-
| [[Eerik Wissenz]] || wissenz (at) gmail (dot) com || || Finland || Finland || x|| ||
|-
| [[Angel Imaz]] || angel (at) hiruki (dot) eu || angel.imaz || Spain || Spain || True Fan, OSE Evangelist|| ||
|-
| [[User:javipk|Javier Rivera]] || javipk (at) gmail (dot) com || || Spain || Spain || already true fan|| ||
|-
| [http://www.jeremyblum.com Jeremy Blum] || jeremy (at) jeremyblum (dot) com || || USA || USA || happy to provide advice remotely!|| ||
|-
| [[Johan van der Hoek]] || jvanderhoek (at) gmail (dot) com || || Netherlands || Netherlands || x|| ||
|-
| [[Arthur Kulik]] || arthur (dot) kulik (at) gmail (dot) com || arthur_kulik || Ukraine || Ukraine || x|| ||
|-
| [[Denis Mongin]] || denis (dot) mongin (at) gmail (dot) com || || France || France || x|| ||
|-
| [[Nicol Andre Berdelle]] || info (at) prototype-creation (dot) de || || Germany || Germany || http://www.prototype-creation.de || ||
|-
| [[Joe Hudson]] || joe (dot) hudson (at) gmail (dot) com || || United Kingdom || United Kingdom || x|| ||
|-
| [[Denis Durmishi]] || zdenman (at) gmail (dot) com || denis.durmisi || Macedonia || Germany || x|| ||
|-
| [[Florin Birgu]] || florin.birgu (at) cyburg (dot) eu || cyburg.eu || Romania || Romania || http://www.cyburg.eu|| ||
|-
| [[Edward Hines]] || Edward (at) tmafrance (dot) com|| edwardhai || England|| France|| http://www.tmafrance.com|| ||
|-
| Andres G. Aragoneses || knocte [at] gmail [dot] com || knocte || Spain || United Kingdom || Awesome idea!!!|| ||
|-
| Claudia Bosch || claudiabosch [at] daad-alumni [dot] de || claudia.bosch || Germany || United Kingdom || || ||
|-
| Samuel Rodrigues || samuel (dot) gros (at) gmail (dot) com || samuel.gros.rodrigues || Portugal || Portugal || http://www.sitiocoop.com/|| ||
|-
| Eduardo Riesco || eduardo (dot) riesco (at)gmail (dot) com || eduardo.riesco || Spain || Spain || eduardoriesco.org|| ||
|-
| Tomaž Žlender || tomaz (dot) zlender (at) gmail.com || tomazzlender || Slovenia || Slovenia || x|| ||
|-
| Josef Davies-Coates || josef (at) uniteddiversity.com || jdaviescoates || London, UK || London, UK || I've got 5 acres of land in Spain to contribute to this project! See http://buildingman.org|| ||
|-
| [[User:Matt | Matthieu Laneuville]] || mlaneuville _at_ gmail _dot _ com || mlaneuville || France || France || -|| ||
|-
| Ivan Garcia || capiscuas _at_ gmail _dot _ com || ivangarcia1982 || Spain || VietNam || already true fan|| ||
|-
| Pedro Correia || pcorreia at development-association dot org || || Portugal || Germany || OSE Evangelist and Biz Developer|| ||
|-
| Jose Bravo || monoverso (at) hotmail (dot) com || || Spain || France || metal worker and welder || ||
|-
| [[Luke Devlin]] || mail (at) lukedevl.in || luke-devlin || Scotland || Scotland || http://lukedevl.in Human Ecologist|| ||
|-
| [[Mike Lowther]] || mlowther11 _at_ gmail _dot_ com || spannamike || UK || UK || x|| ||
|-
| [[Juris Kudiņš]] || juris_dott_kudins __aat_ gmail _doot_ com || || Latvia || Latvia || x|| ||
|-
| [[Dirk Janssen]] || Dirk (dot) janssen1980 (at) gmail (dot) com || || Netherlands || Netherlands || x|| ||
|-
| [[Mark J Norton]] || markjnorton (at) earthlink (dot) net || nolaria || Northeast USA || Upstate New York|| Figured I was already involved, so why not commit fully?|| ||
|-
| [[Anu M]] || anu (at) fabfolk (dot) com || || Finland || Netherlands || Been following OSEcology for a while with interest & currently working with Fablabs || ||
|-
| [[Yoonseo Kang]] || msn149 (at) hotmail (dot) com || yoonseo (dot) kang1 || South Korea || Canada || Interested in continuing OSE development with full commitment|| ||
|-
| [[Branislav Misovic(Branko) ]] || braniti (at) gmail.com || branko_nl || Croatia || Netherlands || OSE Live long and prosperous _\\// |||| 4h/week (From Sept.2011)
|-
| Eugene Kazlou || eugene __aat_ ostech-electronics.co.uk || li-eugene || Belarus || UK || || [[OSE_Europe/Eugene_Kazlou|My Vision]] ||||
|-
| Franz Nahrada || f.nahrada (at) reflex.at || globalvillagesinfo || Austria || Austria || networking||||not yet cklear
|-
| Jalil Wahdatehagh || j.wahdatehagh (at) googlemail.com || j.wahdatehagh || Germany || Austria || studying information design || || 1-2h/week; 2-3weeks/year
|-
| Christopher Fraser || chrisf (at) goop dot org || || Australia || UK || |||| Up to 20h/w?
|-
| Oscar Calvo || natheshi (at) gmail dot com || Natheshi || Spain || Spain || |||| Completly
|-
| Jan Skoda || jenda.skoda (at) seznam.cz || x || Czech Republic || Czech Republic || x |||| at beggining 10 h/week, later more
|-
| dode || gpeattie (at) gmail.com || georgepeattie || UK || Hungary || |||| Around 8 h/week
|-
|- Jamie Clarke || jamieclarke333 (at) gmail.com || pseudo judo || UK || UK || 10h/wk
|-
| Joakim Saxin || my surname at unithorpe dot org || N/A || Sweden || Sweden || Electronics, automation||||Unspecified
|-
| zAdd yourself as a copy of this entry || zWith your email || zSkype || zOrigin || zLiving || zComments (leave "z" for nicer sorted display)||||Z-months a year & z-h/week
|}

Join the [https://www.facebook.com/OpenSourceEcologyEurope Facebook Page].

=Communication=
Please subscribe to the [https://groups.google.com/group/ose-europe/ OSE Europe Google Group] and join our [[OSE_Europe/Online_Meetings|Conference call]].

==Google Group==
Join our mailing list at [https://groups.google.com/group/ose-europe OSE Europe Google Group].

==Mailing List==
If you want to receive news about OSE Europe, please subscribe to our [http://oseeurope.org/newsletter newsletter]

= Share your Vision =

Share your Vision with us! We are all coming from different backgrounds with different ideas and different feelings what should be done next in Europe. As there are many people interested in the project give us your Vision what OSE in Europe should be about.

Create a subpage like [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology_Europe/Firstname_Lastname this] or put it on another place in the web you like and add the link to the column above.

Don't read Vision Papers of other people before you write your own, so you will be unbiased. You also can put your Vision below your Team Culturing you personal wiki page, as the Vision is somehow an extension of the Team Culturing with more bias on the emotional and motivational stuff.

Put in the vision paper what you expect of OSE Europe. What you want to happen, how you see it in three years, and how you contributed to this process. Put in everything what you can think of, but don't get (too) unrealistic. This will help us all to get a common foundation and what to do next.

Your Vision can of course be in every format you like. Audio, Video or Written or what you can think of. Feel free to do choose your media. More about the idead behind sharing your vision you can find [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology_Europe/Vision here]

==Goals==

OSE Europe will be an [[OSE Regional Charter|OSE Regional Group]]. The main goals will be defined soon.

What will be the goals of OSE Europe? There are several possibilities, not mutually exclusive:

* OSE Advocacy and "Publicity" in Europe
* An open business, where people can work for a living building and selling products using OSE technology
* A FactoreFarm for Europe: Means developing tools in parallel with the current Factor e Farm.
* A community: creating a self sustaining village using the GVCS

=Subpages=

Some of the work we're doing is in subpages:

* [http://opensourceecology.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3APrefixIndex&prefix=OSE+Europe&namespace=0|Subpages related to OSE Europe]
* [http://opensourceecology.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3APrefixIndex&prefix=OSE+Regional+Charter&namespace=0|Subpages related to OSE Regional Charter]

[[Category:People]]

User:Saxin

2011-10-17T17:32:45Z

Saxin: Taking the Team Culturing Survey

==Team Culturing Information==

==='''WHO''' are you?===
* Joakim Lennart Saxin
* Gothenburg, Sweden
* my username at unithorpe dot org
* Digital electronics guy, dad, automotive industry serf.

==='''WHY''' are you motivated to support/develop this work?===
*''Do you endorse open source culture?'' Yes, very much.

*''Why are you interested in collaborating with us?'' You are competent people.

*''How do you think that the GVCS can address pressing world issues?'' By providing food, shelter, independence, and ultimately freedom.

*''What should happen so that you become more involved with the project?'' I should work less.

*''What is missing in the project?'' There is a time for everything i guess, but nothing urgent springs to mind.

*''What are your suggestions for improvement of the project?''

==='''WHAT''' are your skills?===

*'''Skills: Communications - Organizational - Design - Electronics - Automation - Engineering - Energy - PR/Marketing - Industry - Product Design - '''

*''How have you already contributed to the project?'' I intend to cultivate my power supply project from here.

===HOW can you help?===

*''How are you interested in contributing to the work of GVCS development?'' By designing a power supply.

*''Can you volunteer to work with us, and if so, how many hours per week?'' I can not make that kind of promise right now, I don't even have time for beer drinking.

*''Are you interested in working with us for pay? If so, what services can you offer, and what is your hourly or per-project rate?'' No.

*''Are you interested in a [[Dedicated Project Visit]]? No.

*''Are you interested in purchasing equipment from us to help bootstrap development?'' No, I'm on the other side of the Atlantic.

*''Are you interested in bidding for consulting/design/prototyping work?'' Possibly.

*''Are you a [[True Fans|True Fan]]? If not, why not?'' I used to be. I will be again soon. Promise.

*''Would you like to see yourself working with us on a full-time basis?'' The thought has not occurred to me before but it sounds nice.

*''Are you interested in being part of the world's first, open source, resilient community? The GVCS is the preparatory step for the OSE Village Experiment – a 2 year, immersion experiment (2013-2014) for testing whether a real, thriving, modern-day prototype community of 200 people can be built on 200 acres using local resources and open access to information? We are looking for approximately 200 people to fill a diverse array of roles, according to the Social Contract that is being developed. This may be the boldest social experiment on earth - a pioneering community whose goal is to extend the index of possibilities regarding harmonious existence of humans, ecology, and technology.'' I really like it here in Scandinavia.

[[Category: Team Culturing]]

File:UPS CAN proposal blockdiagram.pdf

2011-10-16T10:09:09Z

Saxin: Block diagram of a proposed Universal Power Supply with CAN interface.

Block diagram of a proposed Universal Power Supply with CAN interface.

Universal Power Supply/Specification

2011-10-16T08:52:22Z

Saxin: List order correction

=Overview=
* Input voltage range:
* Output voltage range:
* Maximum power output at lowest voltage:
* Maximum power output at highest voltage:

=Features=

==Controller==
* Controllable over CAN
* Power and temperature logging
* Status reporting

==Input/Output==
* AC or DC input and output
* Grid-Tied AC output mode
* Solar MPP tracking mode
* UL 1741 and IEEE 1547 compatible
* Parallel operation for multiple phase output

==Maintainability==
* Inverter card can be removed for DC output only
* Controller card can be replaced by simple circuitry for DC output only

Universal Power Supply/Specification

2011-10-16T08:51:06Z

Saxin: /* Overview */ Should be a list.

=Overview=
* Input voltage range:
* Output voltage range:
* Maximum power output at lowest voltage:
* Maximum power output at highest voltage:

=Features=
* AC or DC input and output

==Controller==
* Controllable over CAN
* Power and temperature logging
* Status reporting

==Input/Output==
* Grid-Tied AC output mode
* Solar MPP tracking mode
* UL 1741 and IEEE 1547 compatible
* Parallel operation for multiple phase output

==Maintainability==
* Inverter card can be removed for DC output only
* Controller card can be replaced by simple circuitry for DC output only

Universal Power Supply/Specification

2011-10-16T08:50:31Z

Saxin: Posting a proposal here, please let me know if I am overstepping name space wise.

=Overview=
Input voltage range:
Output voltage range:
Maximum power output at lowest voltage:
Maximum power output at highest voltage:

=Features=
* AC or DC input and output

==Controller==
* Controllable over CAN
* Power and temperature logging
* Status reporting

==Input/Output==
* Grid-Tied AC output mode
* Solar MPP tracking mode
* UL 1741 and IEEE 1547 compatible
* Parallel operation for multiple phase output

==Maintainability==
* Inverter card can be removed for DC output only
* Controller card can be replaced by simple circuitry for DC output only

Universal Power Supply

2011-10-16T08:02:06Z

Saxin: Adding Rectifyer and Voltage Converters sections

{{GVCS Header}}

[[Image:UPS.png|400px|thumb|Universal Power Supply]]
{{Category=Power quality}}

=Overview=
A Universal Power Supply forms the backbone of an off-grid electrical system.

{{Video}}

=Definition/Concept=
This is a combination inverter, converter, pulse-width modulation current controller, and high frequency power supply for applications from off-grid power, charge controllers, to power supplies for [[welders]], [[induction furnaces]], and [[plasma cutters]].

A large range of power electronic devices is desirable within the infrastructure of communities. Having an individual power supply for each is redundant and expensive. A modular UPS construction kit is desirable as an analogue to the 'industrial-strength Lego' that we have already demonstrated for heavy mechanical hardware infrastructures.

===Rectifyers===
[[Image:FET_Diode_Comparison_Chart.JPG|400px|thumb|Rectifyer power dissipation as a function of current]]
Rectification is the conversion of AC to DC. A universal power supply would require one or two rectifying stages: one at the AC input to provide DC for the voltage converter, and another if the voltage converter is a proper Active PFC converter, which produces PWM shaped output.

Rectifyers can be either passive schottky diode bridges, or active (IC-controlled) MOSFET H-bridges. Passive ones are cheaper, and ultimately more efficient for very high currents, while active ones are superior for low-medium-and-maybe-high currents yet more expensive. This design choice affects price, producability and simplicity.

In either case a rectifyer stage requires power packaged components and a heat sink. The size of the heat sink is a function of the current, which is higher at low voltages for a given output power. Questions for the specification is how much power the device should be able to deliver from a 12V source (first rectifyer in the case of voltage up-conversion) and to a load at 12V DC output (second rectifyer if present).

===Voltage Converters===

===Inverters===
An [[inverter]] is an electrical device that converts DC voltage from batteries to AC voltage for off-shelf electrical tools and appliances.

Off-the-shelf inverters have about a 2 year lifetime, and 5-10 year lifetime for higher quality models. Lifetime design inverters with plug-in replacement components are required for sustainable communities which use battery storage as a component of their electricity infrastructure. One of the few other feasible, non-battery, non-fuel energy storage may be via heat storage coupled to thermoelectric generators, or possibly thermal storage via phase-change salts and heat engines.

=Product Ecology=
[[Image:Electricalpowereco.png|thumb|600px|[[Product Ecology]]]]

{{Product Ecology

|Product={{UPS}}

|From=
*{{Circuit Mill}}
*{{3D Printer}}
*{{Wire Mill}}

|Uses=
*{{Battery}}
*{{Power Cube}}

|Creates=
*[[Electricity]]

|Enables=
*{{Electric Motor}}
*{{Welders}}
*{{Induction Furnace}}
*{{Plasma Cutter}}
*{{Industrial Robot}}

|Components=
*[[Wires]]
*[[Casing]]
*[[Circuits]]

}}

=Status=
OSE is recruiting [[subject matter experts]] with experience in [[inverter]] design. Those with relevant experience are encouraged to [[Contact Us]]

=See Also=
*[[Uninterrupted Power Supply Concept|Concept]]
*[[Inverter]]
*[[Electricity]]
*[[Charge Controller]]
*[[Problem Statement for a Universal Power Supply|Problem Statement]]
*[[Power Electronics Construction Set]]

[[Category: Electronics]]

{{GVCS Footer}}

File:FET Diode Comparison Chart.JPG

2011-10-16T07:17:46Z

Saxin: The graph shows power, not voltage.

A graph showing power dissipation of different rectifying stage types as a function of current. The file was found on Wikipedia.

File:FET Diode Comparison Chart.JPG

2011-10-16T07:15:54Z

Saxin: A graph showing the forward voltage of different rectifying stage types as a function of current. The file was found on Wikipedia.

A graph showing the forward voltage of different rectifying stage types as a function of current. The file was found on Wikipedia.