Aluminum Extraction From Clays - Revision history

KhalidH at 20:16, 29 June 2012

2012-06-29T20:16:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 29 June 2012
Line 41:		Line 41:
	At temperatures below 2000°C, I assume aluminum metal may be separated from silicon carbide (SiC).		At temperatures below 2000°C, I assume aluminum metal may be separated from silicon carbide (SiC).

	=~~Collaboration=~~		==See also==
	~~==Review of Project Status==~~
	~~==Aluminum - Current Work==~~

	~~[[Metal_Refining]]~~
	~~== Aluminum - Developments Needed==~~
	~~=== Aluminum - General~~===

			* [[Aluminum Extractor]]
			* [[Metal Refining]]
	==links==		==links==

KhalidH: /* links */ some wiki editing

2012-06-29T15:34:56Z

links: some wiki editing

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:34, 29 June 2012
Line 51:		Line 51:
	==links==		==links==

	~~all about aluminium:~~		*[http://sam.davyson.com/as/physics/aluminium/siteus/index.html All about aluminium]
	http://sam.davyson.com/as/physics/aluminium/siteus/index.html		*How aluminum is made
			**http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5205/is_1997/ai_n19124810/
	~~how~~ aluminum is made		**http://www.rocksandminerals.com/aluminum/process.htm
	http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5205/is_1997/ai_n19124810/		**http://science.howstuffworks.com/aluminum3.htm
	&		*[http://books.google.at/books?id=t-Jg-i0XlpcC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=intitle:aluminum+production+clays+-patent&source=bl&ots=dyGaESjSJu&sig=uhSUFo2Bc9UYzCGMKFII7OmpqF8&hl=de&ei=Cr9hSt79O5qOnAONxKz4Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 Aluminum recycling and processing for sustainability]
	http://www.rocksandminerals.com/aluminum/process.htm		*[http://books.google.at/books?id=lNxltQeVP9UC&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=intitle:aluminum+production+clays+-patent&source=bl&ots=7Akaax7fNZ&sig=Q6v9n37jOf_FEDAjaN4aaqpSJZY&hl=de&ei=Cr9hSt79O5qOnAONxKz4Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6 Environmental chemistry of aluminum]
	&		*[http://www.miga.org/documents/AluminumManufacturing.pdf Environmental guidelines for aluminum manufactoring]
	http://science.howstuffworks.com/aluminum3.htm		*[http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_alummfg_WB/$FILE/alum_PPAH.pdf World bank and investment guarantee agency]
			*[http://www.p2pays.org/ref/21/20400.htm Pollution prevention in manufactoring aluminunm]
	~~aluminum recycling and processing for sustainability~~		*[http://planet.wwu.edu/archives/2006/articles/fall/popping-the-top.php Why aluminum smelting is not good]
	http://books.google.at/books?id=t-Jg-i0XlpcC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=intitle:aluminum+production+clays+-patent&source=bl&ots=dyGaESjSJu&sig=uhSUFo2Bc9UYzCGMKFII7OmpqF8&hl=de&ei=Cr9hSt79O5qOnAONxKz4Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3		*[http://enhealth.nphp.gov.au/council/pubs/pdf/alumin.pdf National environmental health report on aluminium]
			*[http://www.tms.org/pubs/Books/4062.chapter2.pdf Extraction of aluminum]
	~~environmental chemistry of aluminum~~		*[http://books.google.at/books?hl=de&lr=&id=1NS2ja36QckC&oi=fnd&pg=PA39&dq=aluminum+production+from+clays&ots=dQn5uYR_vZ&sig=Afp24-4CYgPIkWPhM0UjSF-4iXw The evolution of the world aluminum industry]
	http://books.google.at/books?id=lNxltQeVP9UC&pg=PA253&lpg=PA253&dq=intitle:aluminum+production+clays+-patent&source=bl&ots=7Akaax7fNZ&sig=Q6v9n37jOf_FEDAjaN4aaqpSJZY&hl=de&ei=Cr9hSt79O5qOnAONxKz4Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6		*[http://books.google.at/books?id=JM0u1vwrS5UC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=intitle:aluminum+production+clays+-patent&source=bl&ots=VwQAbCkL-o&sig=vMXAQovuSJOIYroY8VfQJYFfKE4&hl=de&ei=Cr9hSt79O5qOnAONxKz4Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9 Aluminum alloy castings]
			*[http://scholar.google.at/scholar?q=info:VxZNUwsol1IJ:scholar.google.com/&output=viewport&pg=1&hl=de Article: hydrolysis products of solution and exchangeable aluminum in acidic soil]
	~~environmental guidelines for~~ aluminum ~~manufactoring~~
	http://www.miga.org/documents/AluminumManufacturing.pdf
	&
	http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_alummfg_WB/$FILE/alum_PPAH.pdf
	~~(world~~ bank and investment guarantee agency)

	~~pollution prevention in manufactoring aluminunm~~
	http://www.p2pays.org/ref/21/20400.htm

	~~why aluminum smelting is not good~~
	http://planet.wwu.edu/archives/2006/articles/fall/popping-the-top.php

	~~national environmental health report on aluminium~~
	http://enhealth.nphp.gov.au/council/pubs/pdf/alumin.pdf

	~~Handbook of corrosion engeneering~~
	~~http://www.scribd.com/doc/9402306/Handbook-of-Corrosion-Engineering-~~

	~~extraction of aluminum~~
	http://www.tms.org/pubs/Books/4062.chapter2.pdf

	~~the evolution~~ of ~~the world~~ aluminum ~~industry~~
	http://books.google.at/books?hl=de&lr=&id=1NS2ja36QckC&oi=fnd&pg=PA39&dq=aluminum+production+from+clays&ots=dQn5uYR_vZ&sig=Afp24-4CYgPIkWPhM0UjSF-4iXw

	aluminum ~~alloy castings~~
	http://books.google.at/books?id=JM0u1vwrS5UC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=intitle:aluminum+production+clays+-patent&source=bl&ots=VwQAbCkL-o&sig=vMXAQovuSJOIYroY8VfQJYFfKE4&hl=de&ei=Cr9hSt79O5qOnAONxKz4Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9

	~~article: hydrolysis products of solution and exchangeable aluminum in acidic soil~~
	http://scholar.google.at/scholar?q=info:VxZNUwsol1IJ:scholar.google.com/&output=viewport&pg=1&hl=de

KhalidH: /* Carbon dioxide process from feldspar */

2012-06-29T15:23:41Z

Carbon dioxide process from feldspar

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:23, 29 June 2012
Line 24:		Line 24:

	=== Carbon dioxide process from feldspar ===		=== Carbon dioxide process from feldspar ===
	- Feldspar mineral (sand) and high pressure carbon dioxide can be used to produce alumina. CaAl_2Si_2O_8 + 2CO_2 +4H_2O -> CaCO_3 + 2SiO_2 + 2Al(OH)_3		Feldspar mineral (sand) and high pressure carbon dioxide can be used to produce alumina. CaAl_2Si_2O_8 + 2CO_2 +4H_2O -> CaCO_3 + 2SiO_2 + 2Al(OH)_3


	== High temperature proceses ==		== High temperature proceses ==

KhalidH: /* Alkali process from clay */

2012-06-29T15:22:59Z

Alkali process from clay

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 29 June 2012
Line 19:		Line 19:

	=== Alkali process from clay===		=== Alkali process from clay===
	~~- bayer~~ process (very limited, high viscosity if SiO2 present)		*Bayer process (very limited, high viscosity if SiO2 present)
	- Soda sintering process		*Soda sintering process
	- Lime sintering process		*Lime sintering process


	=== Carbon dioxide process from feldspar ===		=== Carbon dioxide process from feldspar ===

KhalidH: /* Acid process from clay */

2012-06-29T15:22:30Z

Acid process from clay

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 29 June 2012
Line 15:		Line 15:
	Alumina (alumium ore) extraction from clay. Bauxite are rare minera, clay are common so chemical process based on clay- not bauxite. Aluminumcloride are leached out with hydrochloric acid: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4388280.html.		Alumina (alumium ore) extraction from clay. Bauxite are rare minera, clay are common so chemical process based on clay- not bauxite. Aluminumcloride are leached out with hydrochloric acid: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4388280.html.

	~~- sulphurous~~ acid process		*Sulphurous acid process
	~~- nitric~~ acid process		*Nitric acid process

	=== Alkali process from clay===		=== Alkali process from clay===

ERos: /* Aluminum making */

2012-06-13T20:03:35Z

Aluminum making

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:03, 13 June 2012
Line 8:		Line 8:
	Key material to aluminum is ultra pure alumina and cheap energy. There are many process to make pure alumina, we should select some best fit to small scale production. Clays are posible start material or feldspar mineral (weather to clay). Bauxite are rare.		Key material to aluminum is ultra pure alumina and cheap energy. There are many process to make pure alumina, we should select some best fit to small scale production. Clays are posible start material or feldspar mineral (weather to clay). Bauxite are rare.

			There are some Hall process modifications, like titaniumborate bed help reduce electrode distance (normal 4.5cm = ~4.5vol). Graphite electrodes can maybe changed to hematite electrodes to overcome graphite consumption. There are also method to electrolyse aluminum chloride (no CO2 exhaust but Cl, maybe recycleable to clay extraction)

	== Diffrent Alumina extraction processes ==		== Diffrent Alumina extraction processes ==

ERos: /* Acid process from clay */

2012-06-13T19:54:13Z

Acid process from clay

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:54, 13 June 2012
Line 12:		Line 12:

	=== Acid process from clay ===		=== Acid process from clay ===
	Alumina (alumium ore) extraction from clay. Bauxite are rare minera, clay are common so chemical process based on clay- not bauxite. ~~Alumina~~ are leached out with hydrochloric acid: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4388280.html.		Alumina (alumium ore) extraction from clay. Bauxite are rare minera, clay are common so chemical process based on clay- not bauxite. Aluminumcloride are leached out with hydrochloric acid: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4388280.html.

	- sulphurous acid process		- sulphurous acid process
	- nitric acid process		- nitric acid process


	=== Alkali process from clay===		=== Alkali process from clay===

ERos: /* High temperature proceses */

2012-06-13T12:49:44Z

High temperature proceses

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 13 June 2012
Line 39:		Line 39:
	----		----

	Page 66 in this online book talks about a plant in the Ukraine that smelts kaolin into an aluminum/silicon alloy: [http://books.google.com/books?id=XlmAKOjvnrgC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=reduction+kaolin+aluminum&source=web&ots=2vF1okG5iX&sig=oh_J4JdI6XQDxZ68-j2i-b767Tw&hl=en#PPA65,M1 The Handbook of Aluminum] by George E Totten, D Scott MacKenzie		Page 66 in this online book talks about a plant in the Ukraine that smelts kaolin into an aluminum/silicon alloy: [http://books.google.com/books?id=XlmAKOjvnrgC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=reduction+kaolin+aluminum&source=web&ots=2vF1okG5iX&sig=oh_J4JdI6XQDxZ68-j2i-b767Tw&hl=en#PPA65,M1 The Handbook of Aluminum] by George E Totten, D Scott MacKenzie. (are you sure, it is well know that soviet used kaoline/clays + lime smelt to produce alumina, feeded to normal Hall cells. I don't have such book to check.)

	At temperatures below 2000°C, I assume aluminum metal may be separated from silicon carbide (SiC).		At temperatures below 2000°C, I assume aluminum metal may be separated from silicon carbide (SiC).

ERos: /* High temperature proceses */

2012-06-13T12:44:11Z

High temperature proceses

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 13 June 2012
Line 29:		Line 29:

	== High temperature proceses ==		== High temperature proceses ==
	Kaolin clay is composed of aluminum and silicon (Si2Al2O5(OH)4). Reduction of Kaolin would then result in an aluminum/silicon alloy. In practice, carbides (usually SiC) resist further reduction except at very high temperatures (2050°C). Thus, the smelted product is likely some aluminum-rich alloy with various highly refractory simple and complex carbides.		Kaolin clay is composed of aluminum and silicon (Si2Al2O5(OH)4). Reduction of Kaolin would then result in an aluminum/silicon alloy. In practice, carbides (usually SiC) resist further reduction except at very high temperatures (2050°C). Thus, the smelted product is likely some aluminum-rich alloy with various highly refractory simple and complex carbides. (Halman tests suggest that product are aluminum and silicon carbides, not pure metal/alloy)

	Parent material is reduced ''carbothermically'', that is, it is reduced in the presence of carbon and the absence of oxygen at high temperatures. The carbon is oxidized to produce carbon mon- and di-oxide and the metal oxides are reduced.		Parent material is reduced ''carbothermically'', that is, it is reduced in the presence of carbon and the absence of oxygen at high temperatures. The carbon is oxidized to produce carbon mon- and di-oxide and the metal oxides are reduced (but converted to carbides).

	The paper [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2S-4PF0X6V-1&_user=521384&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059563&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=521384&md5=beeacd8e14dee1a7cb0059b6bb739790 carbothermal reduction of alumina] by m.halmann (at) weizmann.ac.il describes the carbothermic reduction of alumina rich material in an atmosphere of methane gas at high temperatures. Internal copy of this paper: [[File:halman.pdf]]		The paper [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2S-4PF0X6V-1&_user=521384&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059563&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=521384&md5=beeacd8e14dee1a7cb0059b6bb739790 carbothermal reduction of alumina] by m.halmann (at) weizmann.ac.il describes the carbothermic reduction of alumina rich material in an atmosphere of methane gas at high temperatures. Internal copy of this paper: [[File:halman.pdf]] (laboratory test at 2200C produced AlC, no test with methane atmosphere calculation show aluminum at 2800K)

	Such temperatures could be produced with a point focusing solar collector (see [[Metal Refining]] for more)		Such temperatures could be produced with a point focusing solar collector (see [[Metal Refining]] for more)
Line 42:		Line 42:

	At temperatures below 2000°C, I assume aluminum metal may be separated from silicon carbide (SiC).		At temperatures below 2000°C, I assume aluminum metal may be separated from silicon carbide (SiC).


	=Collaboration=		=Collaboration=

ERos at 21:07, 12 June 2012

2012-06-12T21:07:23Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Category=Materials}}
 [[Category:Chemical_engineering_for_OSE_use]]
 Kaolin clay is composed of aluminum and silicon (Si2Al2O5(OH)4). Reduction of Kaolin would then result in an aluminum/silicon alloy.  In practice, carbides (usually SiC) resist further reduction except at very high temperatures (2050°C). Thus, the smelted product is likely some aluminum-rich alloy with various highly refractory simple and complex carbides.