Biorefinery - Revision history

Eric: Wrote down some ideas i had, for later work, before i forget them

2020-12-29T03:32:31Z

Wrote down some ideas i had, for later work, before i forget them

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:32, 29 December 2020
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	==Product ecology==		==Product ecology==
			===Major Componets===
			====Anerobic Digester====
			*[[Anerobic Digestion]]
			*Produces [[Biogas]] , [[Digestate]] , and [[Leachate]] / [[Wastewater]]

			====Bio-crude Refinery=====
			*[[Biocrude Refinery]] handles the [[Bio-Crude]] , as well as the [[Pyrolysis Oil]] (potentially? supposedly VERY bad with [[Catalyst Poisoning]] ?)
			*Would produce wastewater, gasses, and [[Petcoke]] which would feed to other units
			*Also the majority of the [[Petrochemicals]] (short of maybe [[Plastics]] and other chemicals which would have dedicated plants in the [[Eco-Industrial Park]] )

			====Fermenters====
			*Can use biomass, or intermediaries like [[Syngas]] or [[Hydrogen]]
			*See
			**[[Bio-Methanation]]
			*Produces [[Butanol]] , [[Ethanol]] , and?

			====Gas Processing====
			*Mix the "Light Ends Unit", [[Biogas Upgrader]] , and any sort of [[Gaseous Hydrocarbon Reforming]] setup into a "sector"
			*Also maybe non [[G2L]] syngas processes? (So [[Water Gas Shift Reaction]] and [[Syngas to Methane]] ?)
			*Produces [[Hydrogen]] , [[LPG]] , [[Methane]] , [[Syngas]] , and [[Carbon Dioxide]]

			====HTL Unit====
			*Uses Wet Biomass
			*Produces [[Bio-Crude]]

			====Pyrolysis + Gasification Unit====
			*[[Pyrolysis]] then [[Gasification]]
			*Pyrolysis will most likely by dry biomass, and could co-process [[RDF]]
			*The resulting [[Slag]] / [[Bottom Ash]] / [[Pyrolysis Oil]] / [[Coke]] would need processing
			*The gasifier would use [[Charcoal]] , [[Coke]] , [[Petcoke]] , and any other form of near-pure carbon
			*Producing [[Syngas]]

	===Components===		===Components===

Eric: Added a Category to the Page

2020-12-19T07:32:19Z

Added a Category to the Page

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:32, 19 December 2020
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	[[Bio-Petrochemistry]] [[Category:Biochar]] [[Category:Biofuel]] [[Category:Energy]] [[Category:Materials]]		[[Bio-Petrochemistry]] [[Category:Biochar]] [[Category:Biofuel]] [[Category:Energy]] [[Category: Incomplete Pages]] [[Category:Materials]]

Eric: Moved some stuff around

2020-12-19T07:31:57Z

Moved some stuff around

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:31, 19 December 2020
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	[[Category:~~Energy~~]]		[[Bio-Petrochemistry]] [[Category:Biochar]] [[Category:Biofuel]] [[Category:Energy]] [[Category:Materials]]
	[[Category:Biofuel]]
	[[Category:~~Materials~~]]
	[[Category:~~Biochar~~]]

Eric: Updated the page to the more recent formatting style + Added some More Information

2020-05-21T14:38:50Z

Updated the page to the more recent formatting style + Added some More Information

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 21 May 2020
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			=Basics=

	[[File:474S012a-i2.0.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|right\|“From the field to the pump: Most waste plant matter is wood or straw-like material, which contains sugars that are hard to access. Many strategies to free these sugars are being investigated so that these energy-dense molecules can be converted into the fuels of the future.”]]		[[File:474S012a-i2.0.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|right\|“From the field to the pump: Most waste plant matter is wood or straw-like material, which contains sugars that are hard to access. Many strategies to free these sugars are being investigated so that these energy-dense molecules can be converted into the fuels of the future.”]]

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	*[[5-Hydroxymethylfurfural]]		*[[5-Hydroxymethylfurfural]]

	==External links==		=Internal Links=
			*[[Chemical Swadeshi]]

			=External links=
	*paper [http://www.mpri.lsu.edu/Integrating_Biomass_Feedstocks_into_Chemical_Production_Complexes_-_a_White_Paper.pdf "Integrating Biomass Feedstocks into Chemical Production Complexes using New and Existing Processes"] (Louisiana State University)		*paper [http://www.mpri.lsu.edu/Integrating_Biomass_Feedstocks_into_Chemical_Production_Complexes_-_a_White_Paper.pdf "Integrating Biomass Feedstocks into Chemical Production Complexes using New and Existing Processes"] (Louisiana State University)
	*paper: [http://bpe.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/lasen/files/users/166329/public/Techno-economic%20environmental%20evaluation%20of%20biorefineries%20LASEN_BPE%20version%202008.pdf Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of lignocellulosic biochemical refineries: need for a modular platform for integrated assessment (MPIA)]		*paper: [http://bpe.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/lasen/files/users/166329/public/Techno-economic%20environmental%20evaluation%20of%20biorefineries%20LASEN_BPE%20version%202008.pdf Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of lignocellulosic biochemical refineries: need for a modular platform for integrated assessment (MPIA)]

Rasmus: fixed category

2016-08-25T14:06:28Z

fixed category

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 25 August 2016
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	[[Category:Energy]]		[[Category:Energy]]
	[[Category:~~Biofuels~~]]		[[Category:Biofuel]]
	[[Category:Materials]]		[[Category:Materials]]
	[[Category:Biochar]]		[[Category:Biochar]]

Rasmus: inserted categorization

2016-08-21T17:11:24Z

inserted categorization

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:11, 21 August 2016
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	[[Category:Biofuels]]		[[Category:Biofuels]]
	[[Category:Materials]]		[[Category:Materials]]
			[[Category:Biochar]]

Rasmus: +image

2016-08-15T22:44:23Z

+image

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 15 August 2016
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			[[File:474S012a-i2.0.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|right\|“From the field to the pump: Most waste plant matter is wood or straw-like material, which contains sugars that are hard to access. Many strategies to free these sugars are being investigated so that these energy-dense molecules can be converted into the fuels of the future.”]]

	A biorefinery is capable of producing and isolating refined materials from organic (agricultural) feedstocks. Biorefineries follow a series of steps that can be generalized to be pretreatment, treatment, and purification. Pretreatment breaks apart and fractionates the biomass to make recalcitrant components available for treatments and to direct the component streams to the desired treatment process. A biorefinery utilizes single or multi-step pretreatment to initially separate fractions of different biomass components (sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Treatment involves breaking apart the feedstock to desirable components or conversion of substrate components to desirable products, an example of the former is dealkylating aromatics in lignin, and an example of the latter is to direct sugars to fermentation for the production of ethanol, lactic acid, etc. Purification is necessary to form fractions of pure desired products.		A biorefinery is capable of producing and isolating refined materials from organic (agricultural) feedstocks. Biorefineries follow a series of steps that can be generalized to be pretreatment, treatment, and purification. Pretreatment breaks apart and fractionates the biomass to make recalcitrant components available for treatments and to direct the component streams to the desired treatment process. A biorefinery utilizes single or multi-step pretreatment to initially separate fractions of different biomass components (sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin). Treatment involves breaking apart the feedstock to desirable components or conversion of substrate components to desirable products, an example of the former is dealkylating aromatics in lignin, and an example of the latter is to direct sugars to fermentation for the production of ethanol, lactic acid, etc. Purification is necessary to form fractions of pure desired products.

Rasmus: inserted existing image: flow diagram

2016-07-20T23:59:55Z

inserted existing image: flow diagram

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:59, 20 July 2016
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	=OSE development=		=OSE development=
	*Research and development of an OSE biorefinement process that begins with a sugar and hemicellulose saccharification process, extraction of cellulose, followed by decomposition of [[Lignin \| lignin to aromatic compounds]] is proposed as the basis for import substitution.

	*Membrane technology is key to many refinement steps and [[~~Cellulose acetate~~]] ~~membrane development will focus on biorefinement (in addition to water purification) applications.~~		[[File:LA production SEBD.png\|650px\|thumb\|right\|System Engineering Breakdown Diagram for lactic acid production in the OSE biorefinery.]]

	*~~[[Fermentation]] products~~ of ~~different microorganisms include [[Ethanol]]~~, ~~[[Polylactic acid \|Lactic acid]]~~, ~~and~~ [[~~Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation~~ \|~~acetone-butanol-ethanol~~]]		* Research and development of an OSE biorefinement process that begins with a sugar and hemicellulose saccharification process, extraction of cellulose, followed by decomposition of [[Lignin \| lignin to aromatic compounds]] is proposed as the basis for import substitution.

	* [[~~Silage~~]] ~~is a method of storing animal feed utilizing lactic acid fermenting bacteria. High value lactic acid and amino acids may be recovered from the feed before giving~~ to ~~animals. A demonstration plant has been successfully tested in Austria, see below~~.		* Membrane technology is key to many refinement steps and [[Cellulose acetate]] membrane development will focus on biorefinement (in addition to water purification) applications.

	*[[Pyrolysis]] utilizes anaerobic distillation to breakdown organic feedstocks to "components". The tar component is primarily the lignin fraction which contains high concentrations of aromatics and could be a source of benzene and phenol.		* [[Fermentation]] products of different microorganisms include [[Ethanol]], [[Polylactic acid \|Lactic acid]], and [[Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation \|acetone-butanol-ethanol]]

			* [[Silage]] is a method of storing animal feed utilizing lactic acid fermenting bacteria. High value lactic acid and amino acids may be recovered from a press juice before the feed is given to animals. A demonstration plant has been successfully tested in Austria, see below.

			* [[Pyrolysis]] utilizes anaerobic distillation to breakdown organic feedstocks to "components". The tar component is primarily the lignin fraction which contains high concentrations of aromatics and could be a source of benzene and phenol.

	===Preliminary outline of process===		===Preliminary outline of process===

Rasmus: various minor link edits

2016-07-06T21:12:34Z

various minor link edits

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:12, 6 July 2016
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	[[Gasifier Burner]]		[[Gasifier Burner]]

			===Possible Products===
			*[[Biochemicals from Pyrolysis]]
			*[[Pyrolysis Oil]]
			*[[Biochar]]
			*[[Syngas]]
			*[[5-Hydroxymethylfurfural]]

	==External links==		==External links==
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	*paper: [http://bpe.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/lasen/files/users/166329/public/Techno-economic%20environmental%20evaluation%20of%20biorefineries%20LASEN_BPE%20version%202008.pdf Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of lignocellulosic biochemical refineries: need for a modular platform for integrated assessment (MPIA)]		*paper: [http://bpe.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/lasen/files/users/166329/public/Techno-economic%20environmental%20evaluation%20of%20biorefineries%20LASEN_BPE%20version%202008.pdf Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of lignocellulosic biochemical refineries: need for a modular platform for integrated assessment (MPIA)]
	*paper: [http://www.nipeunicamp.org.br/site/adm/modulos/publicador/documentos/arquivos/File/Publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es/Production%20of%20bioethanol%20and%20other%20bio-based%20materials.pdf Production of bioethanol and other bio-based materials from sugarcane bagasse: Integration to conventional bioethanol production process]		*paper: [http://www.nipeunicamp.org.br/site/adm/modulos/publicador/documentos/arquivos/File/Publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es/Production%20of%20bioethanol%20and%20other%20bio-based%20materials.pdf Production of bioethanol and other bio-based materials from sugarcane bagasse: Integration to conventional bioethanol production process]
	*NREL: [http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/biorefinery.html What Is a Biorefinery?]		*NREL: [http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/biorefinery.html "What Is a Biorefinery?"]
			*US DOE: [http://energy.gov/articles/biorefinery-goes-mod-and-small "A Biorefinery Goes 'Mod' and Small"], mentions company: [http://easyenergysystems.com/ Easy Energy Systems]
	http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/56/04700580/0470058056.pdf		*Book chapter (.pdf) [http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/56/04700580/0470058056.pdf "The Biorefinery Concept–An Integrated Approach"] (from book: ''Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass'', Edited by James Clark and Fabien Deswarte, 2008)

	Under review		Under review

Rasmus: added details: Upper Austria biorefinery

2016-07-06T12:54:13Z

added details: Upper Austria biorefinery

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:54, 6 July 2016
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	4. separation of valuable substances from grass silage juice		4. separation of valuable substances from grass silage juice
	5. Primary Processing and Utilization of Fibres from Green Biomass		5. Primary Processing and Utilization of Fibres from Green Biomass

			Some of the major findings of the project were:
			* not too difficult to separate lactic acid and crude protein
			* the press juice appears to be a suitable raw material for further processing, to separate lactic acid from amino acids
			* about 85-95% of total lactic acid in the silage can be transferred to the press juice
			* amount of crude protein recovered varies by silage used (alfalfa vs. grass)

	==Product ecology==		==Product ecology==