Ferrocement - Revision history

Eric: Added a Category to the Page

2022-01-09T01:36:35Z

Added a Category to the Page

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:36, 9 January 2022
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	* Bo Atkinson: [http://harmoniouspalette.com/ "Harmonious Palette"] - many innovations, incl. "ringforcement"		* Bo Atkinson: [http://harmoniouspalette.com/ "Harmonious Palette"] - many innovations, incl. "ringforcement"

	[[Category:Materials]]		[[Category: Concrete]] [[Category: Materials]]

Rasmus: inserted categorization

2016-07-23T20:13:50Z

inserted categorization

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:13, 23 July 2016
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	* [http://www.flyingconcrete.com/index.htm "Flying Concrete"] - light weight concrete structural & sculptural forms (Mexico)		* [http://www.flyingconcrete.com/index.htm "Flying Concrete"] - light weight concrete structural & sculptural forms (Mexico)
	* Bo Atkinson: [http://harmoniouspalette.com/ "Harmonious Palette"] - many innovations, incl. "ringforcement"		* Bo Atkinson: [http://harmoniouspalette.com/ "Harmonious Palette"] - many innovations, incl. "ringforcement"

			[[Category:Materials]]

Rasmus: fixed typos

2016-03-01T16:26:43Z

fixed typos

Rasmus at 12:46, 8 December 2013

2013-12-08T12:46:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:46, 8 December 2013
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	Not only was FC used extensively for shipbuilding as a cheap replacement for steel. It was, in fact, the '''very first''' application of FC back in 1848 when Frenchman Joesph Louis Lambot built a small boat. According to [http://www.ferroboats.com/ Ferroboats.com], ferrocement is ''"the cheapest and easiest form of construction for boats over 25 ft. And apart from strip-plank composite construction, it is the only viable material for large round-bilge boats within the amateur capability, without the requirements of special tools or a weather-proof building."'' Sounds like a good technology for low cost, open source shipbuilding. [[Basalt_Fibers\|Basalt fibers]] could lead to a resurgence of FC ships – there is no rusting, and therefore the hulls could be made thinner. Technically, this is no longer "ferro-", but the constrution techniques are otherwise very similar. The boats could have a double hull as a safety feature.		Not only was FC used extensively for shipbuilding as a cheap replacement for steel. It was, in fact, the '''very first''' application of FC back in 1848 when Frenchman Joesph Louis Lambot built a small boat. According to [http://www.ferroboats.com/ Ferroboats.com], ferrocement is ''"the cheapest and easiest form of construction for boats over 25 ft. And apart from strip-plank composite construction, it is the only viable material for large round-bilge boats within the amateur capability, without the requirements of special tools or a weather-proof building."'' Sounds like a good technology for low cost, open source shipbuilding. [[Basalt_Fibers\|Basalt fibers]] could lead to a resurgence of FC ships – there is no rusting, and therefore the hulls could be made thinner. Technically, this is no longer "ferro-", but the constrution techniques are otherwise very similar. The boats could have a double hull as a safety feature.

	==Interesting patents (please add more if you find ~~some~~)==		==Interesting patents (please add more if you find any)==
	* [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=M4o4AAAAEBAJ METHOD OF PRODUCING FERRO-CEMENT PIPES], Michal Sandowicz et al. (issued 1972)		* [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=M4o4AAAAEBAJ METHOD OF PRODUCING FERRO-CEMENT PIPES], Michal Sandowicz et al. (issued 1972)
	* [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=XcM1AAAAEBAJ Laminated ferro-cement structures and method of fabrication] Bruce Belousofsky (issued 1979)		* [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=XcM1AAAAEBAJ Laminated ferro-cement structures and method of fabrication] Bruce Belousofsky (issued 1979)
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	Because of the cost and environmental impact of steel, there is great interest in replacements. For example, Garrett Connelly from [http://www.Ferrocement.com Ferrocement.com] has experimented extensively with organic fibers such as bamboo and burlap. See his very detailed pages [http://ferrocement.com/Shelter-2009/6-26-09-shelter.html "Shelter 2009"] and [http://www.ferrocement.com/Shelter-2010/post-1_5-2010.html "Shelter 2010"] for more information.		Because of the cost and environmental impact of steel, there is great interest in replacements. For example, Garrett Connelly from [http://www.Ferrocement.com Ferrocement.com] has experimented extensively with organic fibers such as bamboo and burlap. See his very detailed pages [http://ferrocement.com/Shelter-2009/6-26-09-shelter.html "Shelter 2009"] and [http://www.ferrocement.com/Shelter-2010/post-1_5-2010.html "Shelter 2010"] for more information.

	As already mentioned in the ship/boatbuilding section, [[Basalt_Fibers\|basalt fibers]] are also an area of discusssion in the FC community ~~since they first came out~~. In a personal communication, Paul Sarnstrom (Director, [http://www.ferrocement.net/ Ferrocement Educational Network]) states: ''"To the best of my knowledge they have not yet been tested in pure FC applications. Other fibers that have been tested in FC applications include aramid, carbon, kevlar, etc. The main issues in testing relatively exotic materials is their lack of availability in small quantities. This is especially relevant given the costs of some of these materials and the smallest sizes being rolls of 100's of feet.'' <br>		As already mentioned in the ship/boatbuilding section, [[Basalt_Fibers\|basalt fibers]] are also an area of discusssion in the FC community. In a personal communication (RK), Paul Sarnstrom (Director, [http://www.ferrocement.net/ Ferrocement Educational Network]) states: ''"To the best of my knowledge they have not yet been tested in pure FC applications. Other fibers that have been tested in FC applications include aramid, carbon, kevlar, etc. The main issues in testing relatively exotic materials is their lack of availability in small quantities. This is especially relevant given the costs of some of these materials and the smallest sizes being rolls of 100's of feet.'' <br>
	''When compared to steel reinforcements, fibers in general fall short in the area of pullout strength. So far the best bonds seem to be with steel. In addition the Youngs modulus of fibers in general allow for too much movement before the fiber is fully loaded. Given these two factors fibers are generally relegated to crack control, rather than structural purposes. Fibers do offer some interesting and potentially useful possibilities if used in combination with steel mesh reinforcements."''		''When compared to steel reinforcements, fibers in general fall short in the area of pullout strength. So far the best bonds seem to be with steel. In addition the Youngs modulus of fibers in general allow for too much movement before the fiber is fully loaded. Given these two factors fibers are generally relegated to crack control, rather than structural purposes. Fibers do offer some interesting and potentially useful possibilities if used in combination with steel mesh reinforcements."''

Rasmus at 14:43, 13 March 2012

2012-03-13T14:43:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:43, 13 March 2012
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	[[File:Ferrocement_channels.pdf]]		[[File:Ferrocement_channels.pdf]]

	[[File:Ferrocement05.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Sailing boat made of FC - much easier to ~~handle~~ for individuals or small communities than steel.]]		[[File:Ferrocement05.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Sailing boat made of FC - much easier to build for individuals or small communities than with steel.]]
	== Use in shipbuilding==		== Use in shipbuilding==
	Not only was FC used extensively for shipbuilding as a cheap replacement for steel. It was, in fact, the '''very first''' application of FC back in 1848 when Frenchman Joesph Louis Lambot built a small boat. According to [http://www.ferroboats.com/ Ferroboats.com], ferrocement is ''"the cheapest and easiest form of construction for boats over 25 ft. And apart from strip-plank composite construction, it is the only viable material for large round-bilge boats within the amateur capability, without the requirements of special tools or a weather-proof building."'' Sounds like a good technology for low cost, open source shipbuilding. [[Basalt_Fibers\|Basalt fibers]] could lead to a resurgence of FC ships – there is no rusting, and therefore the hulls could be made thinner. Technically, this is no longer "ferro-", but the constrution techniques are otherwise very similar. The boats could have a double hull as a safety feature.		Not only was FC used extensively for shipbuilding as a cheap replacement for steel. It was, in fact, the '''very first''' application of FC back in 1848 when Frenchman Joesph Louis Lambot built a small boat. According to [http://www.ferroboats.com/ Ferroboats.com], ferrocement is ''"the cheapest and easiest form of construction for boats over 25 ft. And apart from strip-plank composite construction, it is the only viable material for large round-bilge boats within the amateur capability, without the requirements of special tools or a weather-proof building."'' Sounds like a good technology for low cost, open source shipbuilding. [[Basalt_Fibers\|Basalt fibers]] could lead to a resurgence of FC ships – there is no rusting, and therefore the hulls could be made thinner. Technically, this is no longer "ferro-", but the constrution techniques are otherwise very similar. The boats could have a double hull as a safety feature.

Rasmus: fixed typo

2012-03-13T14:40:35Z

fixed typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 13 March 2012
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	==Laminated Ferrocement==		==Laminated Ferrocement==
	(source: [http://ferrocement.net/ferro/classes.php?pg=dx103 Ferrocement Educational Network]) There is ongoing interest in Laminated Ferrocement (LFC), the discovery and patented invention of the late Martin Iorns. In LFC, a thin layer of mortar is applied to a flat surface or to the inside of a mold and wire mesh (in this case expanded metal mesh is primarily used) is pressed into the mortar. The process is repeated with more layers of mortar and more wire mesh until the desired number of layers of reinforcement is achieved. This method leads to virtually complete encapsulation of the mesh, eliminates almost all hand tying of mesh layers and yields a thinner, stronger and more reliable FC structure. The LFC method is very suited to accurate reproduction of ~~mutiple~~ units from a mold. [http://ferrocement.net/ferro/files/lfcdefinition.pdf Click here to read a short paper on LFC.]		(source: [http://ferrocement.net/ferro/classes.php?pg=dx103 Ferrocement Educational Network]) There is ongoing interest in Laminated Ferrocement (LFC), the discovery and patented invention of the late Martin Iorns. In LFC, a thin layer of mortar is applied to a flat surface or to the inside of a mold and wire mesh (in this case expanded metal mesh is primarily used) is pressed into the mortar. The process is repeated with more layers of mortar and more wire mesh until the desired number of layers of reinforcement is achieved. This method leads to virtually complete encapsulation of the mesh, eliminates almost all hand tying of mesh layers and yields a thinner, stronger and more reliable FC structure. The LFC method is very suited to accurate reproduction of multiple units from a mold. [http://ferrocement.net/ferro/files/lfcdefinition.pdf Click here to read a short paper on LFC.]

	Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.		Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.

DavidIAm: /* Laminated Ferrocement */

2011-07-18T17:24:09Z

Laminated Ferrocement

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 18 July 2011
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	Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.		Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.

	Recipe and more details on page [[High ~~Density Ferrocement~~]].		Recipe and more details on page [[High density ferrocement]].

	==Many uses (please help expand this section)==		==Many uses (please help expand this section)==

DavidIAm: /* Laminated Ferrocement */

2011-07-18T17:23:10Z

Laminated Ferrocement

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:23, 18 July 2011
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	Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.		Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.

	Recipe and more details on page [[~~High_Density_Ferrocement~~]].		Recipe and more details on page [[High Density Ferrocement]].

	==Many uses (please help expand this section)==		==Many uses (please help expand this section)==

DavidIAm at 17:22, 18 July 2011

2011-07-18T17:22:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:22, 18 July 2011
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	Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.		Because LFC was developed under the protection of United States patents (see below), knowledge of this procedure is not widespread. Iorns' and Watson's patent applied to marine related structures only. The United States patent office noted that prior art eliminated the patenting of terrestrial uses of LFC. In any case, that patent has now expired and should no longer serve as a deterrent to using the lamination technique.

			Recipe and more details on page [[High_Density_Ferrocement]].

	==Many uses (please help expand this section)==		==Many uses (please help expand this section)==

Dorkmo at 04:40, 6 June 2011

2011-06-06T04:40:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:40, 6 June 2011
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	==FC prefab building systems==		==FC prefab building systems==
	Precast, prefabricated building elements (roofing channels, walling panels, beams, etc.) can easily be produced with FC. A lot of work on this has been done in India (example: [http://www.ferrocement.com/chitradeep/chitradeep_01zh.html Chitradeep Sengupta], architect). This system is very good for lightweight, moderate strength projects.		Precast, prefabricated building elements (roofing channels, walling panels, beams, etc.) can easily be produced with FC. A lot of work on this has been done in India (example: [http://www.ferrocement.com/chitradeep/chitradeep_01zh.html Chitradeep Sengupta], architect). This system is very good for lightweight, moderate strength projects.

			[[File:Ferrocement_channels.pdf]]

	[[File:Ferrocement05.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Sailing boat made of FC - much easier to handle for individuals or small communities than steel.]]		[[File:Ferrocement05.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Sailing boat made of FC - much easier to handle for individuals or small communities than steel.]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 1 March 2016
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	[[File:Ferrocement01.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|A thick mixture of Portland cement and sand is applied to layers of woven steel mesh and closely-spaced small-diameter steel rods to make a thin shell roof.]]		[[File:Ferrocement01.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|A thick mixture of Portland cement and sand is applied to layers of woven steel mesh and closely-spaced small-diameter steel rods to make a thin shell roof.]]

	[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocement Ferrocement] (FC) is a form of thin-shell construction that uses standard Portland cement, usually mixed with plaster sand. Compared to traditional construction, the cement is reinforced with more steel or fiber at a closer spacing. Reduced spacing yields uniform force dispersion and increases strength. The well-distributed and aligned reinforcement can make the FC behave like steel plates. FC was first discovered in 1848 in France by Joseph Lambot and patented by him in 1852. In other words, this predates reinforced concrete by 25-30 years. It is offers possibilities for producing very thin and light-weight structures. The dependency on skilled labor is reduced, since FC application is very simple and easy. FC construction complements [[Compressed_Earth_Blocks\|compressed earth bricks]] in many ways.		[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocement Ferrocement] (FC) is a form of thin-shell construction that uses standard Portland cement, usually mixed with plaster sand. Compared to traditional construction, the cement is reinforced with more steel or fiber at a closer spacing. Reduced spacing yields uniform force dispersion and increases strength. The well-distributed and aligned reinforcement can make the FC behave like steel plates. FC was first discovered in 1848 in France by Joseph Lambot and patented by him in 1852. In other words, this predates reinforced concrete by 25-30 years. It offers possibilities for producing very thin and light-weight structures. The dependency on skilled labor is reduced, since FC application is very simple and easy. FC construction complements [[Compressed_Earth_Blocks\|compressed earth bricks]] in many ways.

	[[File:Ferrocement02.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Ferrocement for [[Organoponic_Raised_Bed_Gardening\|raised bed gardening]]]]		[[File:Ferrocement02.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Ferrocement for [[Organoponic_Raised_Bed_Gardening\|raised bed gardening]]]]
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	[[File:Ferrocement05.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Sailing boat made of FC - much easier to build for individuals or small communities than with steel.]]		[[File:Ferrocement05.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Sailing boat made of FC - much easier to build for individuals or small communities than with steel.]]
	== Use in shipbuilding==		== Use in shipbuilding==
	Not only was FC used extensively for shipbuilding as a cheap replacement for steel. It was, in fact, the '''very first''' application of FC back in 1848 when Frenchman ~~Joesph~~ Louis Lambot built a small boat. According to [http://www.ferroboats.com/ Ferroboats.com], ferrocement is ''"the cheapest and easiest form of construction for boats over 25 ft. And apart from strip-plank composite construction, it is the only viable material for large round-bilge boats within the amateur capability, without the requirements of special tools or a weather-proof building."'' Sounds like a good technology for low cost, open source shipbuilding. [[Basalt_Fibers\|Basalt fibers]] could lead to a resurgence of FC ships – there is no rusting, and therefore the hulls could be made thinner. Technically, this is no longer "ferro-", but the ~~constrution~~ techniques are otherwise very similar. The boats could have a double hull as a safety feature.		Not only was FC used extensively for shipbuilding as a cheap replacement for steel. It was, in fact, the '''very first''' application of FC back in 1848 when Frenchman Joseph Louis Lambot built a small boat. According to [http://www.ferroboats.com/ Ferroboats.com], ferrocement is ''"the cheapest and easiest form of construction for boats over 25 ft. And apart from strip-plank composite construction, it is the only viable material for large round-bilge boats within the amateur capability, without the requirements of special tools or a weather-proof building."'' Sounds like a good technology for low cost, open source shipbuilding. [[Basalt_Fibers\|Basalt fibers]] could lead to a resurgence of FC ships – there is no rusting, and therefore the hulls could be made thinner. Technically, this is no longer "ferro-", but the construction techniques are otherwise very similar. The boats could have a double hull as a safety feature.

	==Interesting patents (please add more if you find any)==		==Interesting patents (please add more if you find any)==
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	[[File:ferrocement6.jpg\|500px\|thumb\|right\|Easy patching (photo kindly provided by Garrett Connelly from [http://www.Ferrocement.com Ferrocement.com])]]		[[File:ferrocement6.jpg\|500px\|thumb\|right\|Easy patching (photo kindly provided by Garrett Connelly from [http://www.Ferrocement.com Ferrocement.com])]]

	==Use of alternative cements other than Portland==		==Use of alternative cements other than Portland cement==
	Please see the section on magnesium-based cements on the [[cement]] page as well as this [http://greenhomebuilding.com/articles/ceramicrete.htm article].		Please see the section on magnesium-based cements on the [[cement]] page as well as this [http://greenhomebuilding.com/articles/ceramicrete.htm article]. Also, the

	==Book: ''"Ferrocement Applications in Developing Countries"''==		==Book: ''"Ferrocement Applications in Developing Countries"''==