Metal Refining - Revision history

ChuckH: /* Low-Temperature Electrolysis */

2018-09-04T05:13:36Z

Low-Temperature Electrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:13, 4 September 2018
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	=== Low-Temperature Electrolysis ===		=== Low-Temperature Electrolysis ===

	US DOE project: [~~http~~://~~www1~~.~~eere.energy~~.gov/~~industry~~/~~aluminum~~/~~pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf~~]		US DOE project: [https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/926179]

	Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]], related [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Venkat_Kamavaram3/publication/279901773_Aluminum_electrowinning_in_ionic_liquids_at_low_temperature/links/59d3d7ceaca2721f436ce17c/Aluminum-electrowinning-in-ionic-liquids-at-low-temperature.pdf article][[Image:Zhang_Reddy.png\|thumb\|Zhang-Reddy process]]		Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]], related [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Venkat_Kamavaram3/publication/279901773_Aluminum_electrowinning_in_ionic_liquids_at_low_temperature/links/59d3d7ceaca2721f436ce17c/Aluminum-electrowinning-in-ionic-liquids-at-low-temperature.pdf article][[Image:Zhang_Reddy.png\|thumb\|Zhang-Reddy process]]

ChuckH: /* Low-Temperature Electrolysis */

2018-09-04T05:09:58Z

Low-Temperature Electrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:09, 4 September 2018
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	US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]		US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]

	Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]][[Image:Zhang_Reddy.png\|thumb\|Zhang-Reddy process]]		Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]], related [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Venkat_Kamavaram3/publication/279901773_Aluminum_electrowinning_in_ionic_liquids_at_low_temperature/links/59d3d7ceaca2721f436ce17c/Aluminum-electrowinning-in-ionic-liquids-at-low-temperature.pdf article][[Image:Zhang_Reddy.png\|thumb\|Zhang-Reddy process]]

	Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl<sub>3</sub>, which can be extracted from clay as AlCl<sub>3</sub>*6H<sub>2</sub>O by hydrochloric acid leaching; the HCl can possibly be regenerated from the chlorine gas evolved in electrolysis. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]		Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl<sub>3</sub>, which can be extracted from clay as AlCl<sub>3</sub>*6H<sub>2</sub>O by hydrochloric acid leaching; the HCl can possibly be regenerated from the chlorine gas evolved in electrolysis. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]

Rasmus: /* WikiLinks */

2016-02-26T21:59:49Z

WikiLinks

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:59, 26 February 2016
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	==WikiLinks==		==WikiLinks==
	[[Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)]], [[Metal]], [[Metal Refining]], [[Induction furnace]], [[Kiln]], [[Biomining]], [[Heliostat]],		[[Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)]], [[Metal]], [[Metal Refining]], [[Induction furnace]], [[Foundry]], [[Metal Evaporation]], [[Kiln]], [[Biomining]], [[Heliostat]],

	==External Links==		==External Links==

Rasmus: /* WikiLinks */ added internal links

2016-02-26T21:55:56Z

WikiLinks: added internal links

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:55, 26 February 2016
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	==WikiLinks==		==WikiLinks==
	[[Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)]], [[~~Biomining~~]], [[Induction furnace]], [[Heliostat]],		[[Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)]], [[Metal]], [[Metal Refining]], [[Induction furnace]], [[Kiln]], [[Biomining]], [[Heliostat]],

	==External Links==		==External Links==

Rasmus: /* Comments */

2012-04-06T17:19:21Z

Comments

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:19, 6 April 2012
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	* (Rasmus:) A ''vertical'' system could be designed for solar carbothermal reduction (I can provide a drawing if needed). The pure iron powder would be loaded into a hopper at the top. Through a funnel it falls into a chamber with flame (waste methane, CO, H2), pre-heating the iron powder. From there it falls into funnel, then into a methane-filled chamber where the reduction to metallic iron takes place. This requires temperatures of 800°C or higher, which could be achieved with solar concentrators focused here. At the bottom is a refractory (of the induction furnace), catching the metallic iron, for subsequent casting. The risk of this design is that it may simply '''explode''', if too much oxygen gets into the methane chamber. In an alternative design, the methane could be pre-heated with solar concentrators and then piped into the aforementioned column. Any of these designs are fairly rough on the hardware but may be worth checking out. Heat from burning can be regenerated to pre-heat new methane.		* (Rasmus:) A ''vertical'' system could be designed for solar carbothermal reduction (I can provide a drawing if needed). The pure iron powder would be loaded into a hopper at the top. Through a funnel it falls into a chamber with flame (waste methane, CO, H2), pre-heating the iron powder. From there it falls into funnel, then into a methane-filled chamber where the reduction to metallic iron takes place. This requires temperatures of 800°C or higher, which could be achieved with solar concentrators focused here. At the bottom is a refractory (of the induction furnace), catching the metallic iron, for subsequent casting. The risk of this design is that it may simply '''explode''', if too much oxygen gets into the methane chamber. In an alternative design, the methane could be pre-heated with solar concentrators and then piped into the aforementioned column. Any of these designs are fairly rough on the hardware but may be worth checking out. Heat from burning can be regenerated to pre-heat new methane.
	* (Rasmus:) I gather from these two items (video, abstract) that iron reduction under methane using a solar concentrator should be done as a two-step process. The first one would take place at around ca. 800°C to first achieve complete iron reduction. When nearly all of the oxide has been reduced to metallic iron, the solar concentrator can switch into ''melting mode'', i.e. providing much higher temperatures at or above 1350°C.		* (Rasmus:) I gather from these two items (video, abstract) that iron reduction under methane using a solar concentrator should be done as a two-step process. The first one would take place at around ca. 800°C to first achieve complete iron reduction. When nearly all of the oxide has been reduced to metallic iron, the solar concentrator can switch into ''melting mode'', i.e. providing much higher temperatures at or above 1350°C.
	* (Rasmus:) an idea - it may be possible to melt the iron powder into specific shapes. ~~Formwor~~ made of refractory material would be needed. The advantage is that the new iron object would not have to be cast, which has certain advantages. It would still be hot enough so that it could be hand-forged on an anvil.		* (Rasmus:) an idea - it may be possible to melt the iron powder into specific shapes. Formwork made of refractory material would be needed. The advantage is that the new iron object would not have to be cast, which has certain advantages. It would still be hot enough so that it could be hand-forged on an anvil. In general I have my doubts about the stability of such products though.

	==Vacuum Distillation==		==Vacuum Distillation==

ChuckH: /* Low-Temperature Electrolysis */

2011-10-05T04:33:56Z

Low-Temperature Electrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:33, 5 October 2011
Line 126:		Line 126:
	Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]][[Image:Zhang_Reddy.png\|thumb\|Zhang-Reddy process]]		Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]][[Image:Zhang_Reddy.png\|thumb\|Zhang-Reddy process]]

	Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain ~~AlCl3~~, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]		Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl<sub>3</sub>, which can be extracted from clay as AlCl<sub>3</sub>*6H<sub>2</sub>O by hydrochloric acid leaching; the HCl can possibly be regenerated from the chlorine gas evolved in electrolysis. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]

	==WikiLinks==		==WikiLinks==

ChuckH: /* Low-Temperature Electrolysis */

2011-10-05T04:21:15Z

Low-Temperature Electrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:21, 5 October 2011
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	US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]		US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]

	Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]]		Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]][[Image:Zhang_Reddy.png\|thumb\|Zhang-Reddy process]]

	Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]		Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]

ChuckH at 04:05, 5 October 2011

2011-10-05T04:05:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 5 October 2011
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	US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]		US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]
	[[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]]
			Poster paper: [[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]]

	Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]		Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]

ChuckH at 03:55, 5 October 2011

2011-10-05T03:55:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:55, 5 October 2011
Line 123:		Line 123:

	US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]		US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]
	[~~http~~:~~//opensourceecology.org/w/images/0/02/~~Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]		[[File:Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]]

	Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]		Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]

ChuckH: /* Low-Temperature Electrolysis */

2011-10-05T03:51:37Z

Low-Temperature Electrolysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:51, 5 October 2011
Line 122:		Line 122:
	=== Low-Temperature Electrolysis ===		=== Low-Temperature Electrolysis ===

	US DOE ~~projects~~: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]		US DOE project: [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/aluminum/pdfs/ionicliquids.pdf]
	[http://~~eelndom1~~.~~ee.doe.gov~~/~~OIT/oitpdf.nsf~~/~~bc35ab3d7ddf100385256d3f004685cd~~/~~c1f494227e10536e85256d40004bb769~~/~~$FILE~~/~~aluminareduction~~.pdf]		[http://opensourceecology.org/w/images/0/02/Zhang_Reddy_Poster-03-12-05.pdf]

	Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]		Low-temperature electrolytic refining ''(speculative)'': Conventional aluminum refining is a lot like electroplating; but water can't be used as an electrolyte and high temperature molten salts are used instead. Recently low-temperature aluminum electroplating has been demonstrated ([http://www.ionmet.eu/fileadmin/ionmet/training/20090324_Munich/2_Ryder_Al.pdf Ionmet], [http://www.jproeng.com/qikan/manage/wenzhang/208139.pdf Yue et al]) using "ionic liquids". These electroplating solutions contain AlCl3, which can be extracted from clay by hydrochloric acid leaching. Several metal oxides are also soluble in recently-developed Deep Eutectic Solvents ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_eutectic_solvent DES]), which might be the basis of electrolytic refining. [[Image:Oxides.png]] [http://www.rsc.org/Education/EiC/issues/2005_Jan/salty.asp source article here]