OSE Proposal Product Selection Metric - Revision history

Javipk: categ

2011-02-22T19:52:57Z

categ

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:52, 22 February 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Category=OSE}}
	=III. PRODUCT SELECTION METRIC=		=III. PRODUCT SELECTION METRIC=

Atman: /* THE METRIC */ on a campaign against antisinestrous sentiment :-D

2009-11-19T22:06:07Z

THE METRIC: on a campaign against antisinestrous sentiment :-D

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:06, 19 November 2009
Line 45:		Line 45:
	## Labor value - Marketable value contained in labor of production, indicating earning potential in a local economy. This value also includes efficiency - if production takes too long, then the item in question becomes too expensive, and a product becomes unmarketable. Thus, only efficient production, such as utilization of manufacturing automation, has a high labor value. Score: 0 for unskilled labor, or <$10/hour; and 1 for >$10/hour, and 2, $50 and up per hour.		## Labor value - Marketable value contained in labor of production, indicating earning potential in a local economy. This value also includes efficiency - if production takes too long, then the item in question becomes too expensive, and a product becomes unmarketable. Thus, only efficient production, such as utilization of manufacturing automation, has a high labor value. Score: 0 for unskilled labor, or <$10/hour; and 1 for >$10/hour, and 2, $50 and up per hour.
	## Material costs - Product cost embodied in materials and wearable supplies involved in the production process. The lower the material costs, the higher is the potential for small enterprise to succeed by virtue of minimizing capital risks of supply chain management. Score: 0 for >$10k material costs, 1 for <$5k material costs, and 2 for <$1k material costs.		## Material costs - Product cost embodied in materials and wearable supplies involved in the production process. The lower the material costs, the higher is the potential for small enterprise to succeed by virtue of minimizing capital risks of supply chain management. Score: 0 for >$10k material costs, 1 for <$5k material costs, and 2 for <$1k material costs.
	## Technological complexity - The number of distinct components or parts that are required for a product. The lower the complexity, the more durable and serviceable the product. Design optimization is based on reducing the complexity to the absolute minimum without sacrificing performance. Low complexity means that the enterprise may be learned readily by producers. Score: 0 for high complexity - requires a year or more of full time training to acquire the skill. 1 for medium complexity - requires months. 2 is for low complexity, such that only a 1-4 weeks are required to learn the enterprise. Note that all products chosen carry the highest score, by design. For example, we choose a Boundary Layer Turbine as the product of choice for power conversion - as opposed to solar cells- which are much more complex to manufacture from scratch in a one or few person operation. We are assuming the training of skilled workers, not ~~people with two left hands~~.		## Technological complexity - The number of distinct components or parts that are required for a product. The lower the complexity, the more durable and serviceable the product. Design optimization is based on reducing the complexity to the absolute minimum without sacrificing performance. Low complexity means that the enterprise may be learned readily by producers. Score: 0 for high complexity - requires a year or more of full time training to acquire the skill. 1 for medium complexity - requires months. 2 is for low complexity, such that only a 1-4 weeks are required to learn the enterprise. Note that all products chosen carry the highest score, by design. For example, we choose a Boundary Layer Turbine as the product of choice for power conversion - as opposed to solar cells- which are much more complex to manufacture from scratch in a one or few person operation. We are assuming the training of skilled workers, not naive, clumsy or mobility-impaired individuals.
	## Sourcing localization - Local feedstocks reduce cost and enable a secure supply. This is critical for robust supply chain management strategies. At best, feedstocks are to be found on-site - such as solar energy, earth, wood, metal, etc. If they are found within a land-based facility, then they are essentially free. Score: 0 for remote feedstocks, 1 for mixed feedstocks, and 2 for predominantly local feedstocks. Note that in our product list, all products display the lowest score at present - simply because there are no local metal, semiconductor, or other materials producers - as these are procured via global supply chains. Note that this localization may exist in the future - as small scale metal extraction (aluminum from clay), semiconductor purification, biplastics production - may occur on the bioregional or local scale.		## Sourcing localization - Local feedstocks reduce cost and enable a secure supply. This is critical for robust supply chain management strategies. At best, feedstocks are to be found on-site - such as solar energy, earth, wood, metal, etc. If they are found within a land-based facility, then they are essentially free. Score: 0 for remote feedstocks, 1 for mixed feedstocks, and 2 for predominantly local feedstocks. Note that in our product list, all products display the lowest score at present - simply because there are no local metal, semiconductor, or other materials producers - as these are procured via global supply chains. Note that this localization may exist in the future - as small scale metal extraction (aluminum from clay), semiconductor purification, biplastics production - may occur on the bioregional or local scale.
	## Ecological design - integration of a particular production system with nature (as in a land-based Global Village) and other enterprises in the set of 16 technologies. This ecology is covered in its own section below, IV, Product Ecology. Score: 0 for limited integration, 1 for good integration, 2 for excellent integration.		## Ecological design - integration of a particular production system with nature (as in a land-based Global Village) and other enterprises in the set of 16 technologies. This ecology is covered in its own section below, IV, Product Ecology. Score: 0 for limited integration, 1 for good integration, 2 for excellent integration.

Jeremy: /* COMPONENTS */

2009-05-10T18:56:12Z

COMPONENTS

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:56, 10 May 2009
Line 84:		Line 84:

	12. CNC Multimachine<ref> http://opensourcemachine.org/ </ref> - mill, drill, lathe, metal forming, other grinding/cutting		12. CNC Multimachine<ref> http://opensourcemachine.org/ </ref> - mill, drill, lathe, metal forming, other grinding/cutting

	13. XYZ-controlled torch and router table - can accommodate an acetylene torch, plasma cutter, router, and possibly CO2 laser cutter diodes		13. XYZ-controlled torch and router table - can accommodate an acetylene torch, plasma cutter, router, and possibly CO2 laser cutter diodes

	14. Metal casting equipment - various metal parts		14. Metal casting equipment - various metal parts

	15. Plastic extruder<ref> See Extruder_doc.pdf at http://www.fastonline.org/CD3WD_40/CD3WD/INDEX.HTM </ref> - plastic glazing and other applications		15. Plastic extruder<ref> See Extruder_doc.pdf at http://www.fastonline.org/CD3WD_40/CD3WD/INDEX.HTM </ref> - plastic glazing and other applications

	16. Electronics fabrication - oscilloscope, multimeter, circuit fabrication; specific power electronics products include battery chargers, inverters, converters, transformers, solar charge controllers, PWM DC motor controllers, multipole motor controllers		16. Electronics fabrication - oscilloscope, multimeter, circuit fabrication; specific power electronics products include battery chargers, inverters, converters, transformers, solar charge controllers, PWM DC motor controllers, multipole motor controllers

Jeremy: /* COMPONENTS */

2009-05-10T18:55:51Z

COMPONENTS

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:55, 10 May 2009
Line 83:		Line 83:
	Means of fabrication:		Means of fabrication:

	# CNC Multimachine<ref> http://opensourcemachine.org/ </ref> - mill, drill, lathe, metal forming, other grinding/cutting		12. CNC Multimachine<ref> http://opensourcemachine.org/ </ref> - mill, drill, lathe, metal forming, other grinding/cutting
	# XYZ-controlled torch and router table - can accommodate an acetylene torch, plasma cutter, router, and possibly CO2 laser cutter diodes		13. XYZ-controlled torch and router table - can accommodate an acetylene torch, plasma cutter, router, and possibly CO2 laser cutter diodes
	# Metal casting equipment - various metal parts		14. Metal casting equipment - various metal parts
	# Plastic extruder<ref> See Extruder_doc.pdf at http://www.fastonline.org/CD3WD_40/CD3WD/INDEX.HTM </ref> - plastic glazing and other applications		15. Plastic extruder<ref> See Extruder_doc.pdf at http://www.fastonline.org/CD3WD_40/CD3WD/INDEX.HTM </ref> - plastic glazing and other applications
	# Electronics fabrication - oscilloscope, multimeter, circuit fabrication; specific power electronics products include battery chargers, inverters, converters, transformers, solar charge controllers, PWM DC motor controllers, multipole motor controllers		16. Electronics fabrication - oscilloscope, multimeter, circuit fabrication; specific power electronics products include battery chargers, inverters, converters, transformers, solar charge controllers, PWM DC motor controllers, multipole motor controllers

	It is useful to consider Figure 1, which lists Hardware for Living components, and the Resulting Capacities, or uses, for those components - to show the broad economic range of application for the given components.		It is useful to consider Figure 1, which lists Hardware for Living components, and the Resulting Capacities, or uses, for those components - to show the broad economic range of application for the given components.

Jeremy: /* PRODUCT RATING FOR COMPONENTS */

2009-04-07T05:42:54Z

PRODUCT RATING FOR COMPONENTS

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:42, 7 April 2009
Line 410:		Line 410:
	\|}		\|}

	Figure 2. Localization metric scores for prioritized technologies, on a scale of 0 to 60.		Figure 2. Localization metric scores for prioritized technologies, on a scale of 0 to 60. Key: BLT = Boundary Layer Turbine; Solar Conc = Solar Concentrators; Bab = Babington Burner; Flash = Flash Steam Generator; Motor = Wheel Motor; Gen = Generator; Elect = Electronics fabrication; Alcohol = Fuel Alcohol; Gas = Compressed Gas; CEB = Compressed Earth Block press; Extruder = Plastic Extruder; Al = Aluminum Extraction from Clays; CNC = Computer Numerical Control Multimachine; XYZ = XYZ Table; Casting = Metal Casting

	All scores are 54 or higher of 60. Note that a perfect score does not occur in Fig. 2 because material sourcing is generally global. Perfect scores may obtain if key industries, such as aluminum production or semiconductor purification, may be performed on a local basis.		All scores are 54 or higher of 60. Note that a perfect score does not occur in Fig. 2 because material sourcing is generally global. Perfect scores may obtain if key industries, such as aluminum production or semiconductor purification, may be performed on a local basis.
Line 416:		Line 416:
	To clarify the meaning of the metric as in the table, it is instructive to compare the metric score for a product from the mainstream economy. A good example is cars produced by the modern automobile industry. This is a clear example of a large industry, but its score according to the metric is low. The score for the type of centralized production looks like this:		To clarify the meaning of the metric as in the table, it is instructive to compare the metric score for a product from the mainstream economy. A good example is cars produced by the modern automobile industry. This is a clear example of a large industry, but its score according to the metric is low. The score for the type of centralized production looks like this:

	Automobile Industry - Cars
	1. Market size		{\| BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=7 CELLSPACING=0
	10		\| 3 \|
	2. Livelihood creation		\| Automobile Industry - Cars
	~~626~~		\|-
	3. Liberatory potential		\| 3 \| 1. Market size
	0		\| 10
	4. Population affected		\|-
	10		\| 3 \| 2.Livelihood creation
	5.a. Fabrication cost		\| 6<ref> http://www.caw.ca/whoweare/ourhistory/cawhistory/ch1/p1c1_1.html states that there are 1/2 M car jobs in the USA</ref>
	0		\|-
	b. Labor value		\| 3 \| 3.Liberatory potential
	0		\| 0
	c. Material costs		\|-
	1		\| 3 \| 4.Population affected
	d. Complexity		\| 10
	0		\|-
	e. Sourcing		\| 3 \| 5. a.Fabrication cost
	0		\| 0
	f. Eco-Design		\|-
	0		\| 3 \| b. Labor value
	g. DfD & lifetime		\| 0
	0		\|-
	h. Scaleability		\| 3 \| c. Material costs
	0		\| 1
	i. IP and overhead		\|-
	0		\| 3 \| d. Complexity
	j. Feedstocks		\| 0
	0		\|-
	TOTAL		\| 3 \| e. Sourcing
			\| 0
			\|-
			\| 3 \| f. Eco-Design
			\| 0
			\|-
			\| 3 \| g.DfD & lifetime
			\| 0
			\|-
			\| 3 \| h.Scaleability
			\| 0
			\|-
			\| 3 \| i. IP and overhead
			\| 0
			\|-
			\| 3 \| j. Feedstocks
			\| 0
			\|-
			\| 3 \|
			TOTAL:
			\| \|
	27		27
			\|}

	The total score is 27 of 60. In this example, we observe that the auto ~~industry27~~ scores well on market size and population affected, but relatively poorly elsewhere. Its existing livelihood creation is one job per 500 people. Its liberatory potential is nil, as car costs are a liability designed into a planned obsolescence pattern. Fabrication costs involve multi-billion dollar facilities, labor is largely automated, complexity is very high, sourcing is global, eco-design features small or nonexistent, scaleability is largely nonexistent, fuel feedstocks are a strategic resource, and the industry is largely proprietary. The material costs are approximately $5k per car, which is comparable to the open source variant. All in all, the localization metric score is 27, compared to the 50+ range of the 16 items in Fig. 1. Note that a car is not one of the technologies in Fig. 1, but it is a derivative of several of these technologies.		The total score is 27 of 60. In this example, we observe that the auto industry<ref> Figures are extrapolated from the existing USA value.
			</ref> scores well on market size and population affected, but relatively poorly elsewhere. Its existing livelihood creation is one job per 500 people. Its liberatory potential is nil, as car costs are a liability designed into a planned obsolescence pattern. Fabrication costs involve multi-billion dollar facilities, labor is largely automated, complexity is very high, sourcing is global, eco-design features small or nonexistent, scaleability is largely nonexistent, fuel feedstocks are a strategic resource, and the industry is largely proprietary. The material costs are approximately $5k per car, which is comparable to the open source variant. All in all, the localization metric score is 27, compared to the 50+ range of the 16 items in Fig. 1. Note that a car is not one of the technologies in Fig. 1, but it is a derivative of several of these technologies.

Jeremy: /* PRODUCT RATING FOR COMPONENTS */

2009-04-07T05:16:22Z

PRODUCT RATING FOR COMPONENTS

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:16, 7 April 2009
Line 127:		Line 127:
	\| 10		\| 10
	\| 10		\| 10
	\| 10		\| 10<ref>A $1T market exists for diesel fuel in the united States alone, p.25, of Biodiesel Handbook, by G. Knothe et al.
			</ref>
	\| 6		\| 6
	\| 10		\| 10
Line 389:		Line 390:
	\| 54		\| 54
	\|-		\|-
	\|~~Key25~~:-----------		\|Key<ref>Key: BLT = Boundary Layer Turbine; Solar Conc = Solar Concentrators; Bab = Babington Burner; Flash = Flash Steam Generator; Motor = Wheel Motor; Gen = Generator; Elect = Electronics fabrication; Alcohol = Fuel Alcohol; Gas = Compressed Gas; CEB = Compressed Earth Block press; Extruder = Plastic Extruder; Al = Aluminum Extraction from Clays; CNC = Computer Numerical Control Multimachine; XYZ = XYZ Table; Casting = Metal Casting
			</ref>:-----------
	\| BLT		\| BLT
	\| Solar Conc		\| Solar Conc

Jeremy: /* PRODUCT RATING FOR COMPONENTS */

2009-04-07T05:14:33Z

PRODUCT RATING FOR COMPONENTS

Show changes

Jeremy: /* COMPONENTS */

2009-04-07T04:47:34Z

COMPONENTS

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:47, 7 April 2009
Line 90:		Line 90:

	It is useful to consider Figure 1, which lists Hardware for Living components, and the Resulting Capacities, or uses, for those components - to show the broad economic range of application for the given components.		It is useful to consider Figure 1, which lists Hardware for Living components, and the Resulting Capacities, or uses, for those components - to show the broad economic range of application for the given components.

			[[image:Proposal_fig1.jpg]]

	Figure 1. The 16 technologies and their resulting capacities are shown to describe the range of productivity that a small set of 16 elements can produce. All but Aluminum from Clay are proven localization technologies.		Figure 1. The 16 technologies and their resulting capacities are shown to describe the range of productivity that a small set of 16 elements can produce. All but Aluminum from Clay are proven localization technologies.

Jeremy: /* COMPONENTS */

2009-04-07T04:43:48Z

COMPONENTS

Jeremy: /* THE METRIC */

2009-04-07T04:41:48Z

THE METRIC

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:41, 7 April 2009
Line 50:		Line 50:
	## Design for Disassembly (DfD) & lifetime design - Durable products are favored for purposes of localization, in so far as they contain maximum value. If true cost accounting is considered, then lifetime products add value based on product lifetime increase. For example, a lifetime car may have the value equivalent to 5-10 disposable (planned obsolescence) cars. Score: 0 for planned or perceived obsolescence, 1 for significant DfD and lifetime features, and 2 for nearly complete DfD and lifetime design.		## Design for Disassembly (DfD) & lifetime design - Durable products are favored for purposes of localization, in so far as they contain maximum value. If true cost accounting is considered, then lifetime products add value based on product lifetime increase. For example, a lifetime car may have the value equivalent to 5-10 disposable (planned obsolescence) cars. Score: 0 for planned or perceived obsolescence, 1 for significant DfD and lifetime features, and 2 for nearly complete DfD and lifetime design.
	## Scaleability - The facility with which larger (or smaller) products or yields may be produced, without major design changes, via modularity, and with proportional (as opposed to nonlinear) increase (or decrease) in price. If a flex fab device is highly scaleable by design, then it has a wider range of applicability, and can capture a wider market. Score: 0 for non-scaleability, as in the whole system must be redesigned; 1 for scaleability with nonlinear price increase; 2 for full scaleability and linear price increase.		## Scaleability - The facility with which larger (or smaller) products or yields may be produced, without major design changes, via modularity, and with proportional (as opposed to nonlinear) increase (or decrease) in price. If a flex fab device is highly scaleable by design, then it has a wider range of applicability, and can capture a wider market. Score: 0 for non-scaleability, as in the whole system must be redesigned; 1 for scaleability with nonlinear price increase; 2 for full scaleability and linear price increase.
	## Cost of Waste - The fraction of competing product cost embodied in waste, such as intellectual property (IP) and competitive waste. IP spans product, process, and organizational design - which is deemed as waste here because it is generated redundantly by each market player, while costs are passed on to the consumer. The lack of access to product blueprints and design rationales is the most common reason why many producers hold a competitive advantage. This is also the reason for high entry barriers to new economic players - thus fostering centralization. Flexible fabrication is favored when a large fraction of competing product cost is embodied in waste- simply because there is a great business opportunity in reducing this waste. Open source products have the advantage of eliminating the entire cost of said waste, and land-based flexible fabrication facilities owned or co-funded by stakeholders may reduce costs even further. This score is measured qualitatively as: 0 for little or no waste in the mainstream product, 1 for about 25% of the price in waste, and 2 for =50% waste.18 In our list of products, the only ones that score low here are alcohol production and metal ~~casting19~~ - for which IP is available in the form of widely available or purchased plans.		## Cost of Waste - The fraction of competing product cost embodied in waste, such as intellectual property (IP) and competitive waste. IP spans product, process, and organizational design - which is deemed as waste here because it is generated redundantly by each market player, while costs are passed on to the consumer. The lack of access to product blueprints and design rationales is the most common reason why many producers hold a competitive advantage. This is also the reason for high entry barriers to new economic players - thus fostering centralization. Flexible fabrication is favored when a large fraction of competing product cost is embodied in waste- simply because there is a great business opportunity in reducing this waste. Open source products have the advantage of eliminating the entire cost of said waste, and land-based flexible fabrication facilities owned or co-funded by stakeholders may reduce costs even further. This score is measured qualitatively as: 0 for little or no waste in the mainstream product, 1 for about 25% of the price in waste, and 2 for =>50% waste.<ref> A particular example of waste, one with which the authors are familiar – is the CEB, where it is being demonstrated that a comparable machine may be fabricated at $1k in parts and $3k in total – whereas the competition charges $25k for their product. That represents about $22k of waste that constitutes a business opportunity for agents of the open source production method.</ref> In our list of products, the only ones that score low here are alcohol production and metal casting<ref> Band sawmill fabrication would be on this list, but we have switched our technology choice to a swing-blade sawmill, for which designs are not available. See Sawmill Concept under Enterprise Models in this paper.
			</ref> - for which IP is available in the form of widely available or purchased plans.
	## Feedstock abundance - The worldwide distribution and supply of feedstocks involved in using particular products- such as abundance of clayey soil worldwide for compressed earth block production. The greater the distribution, the more wealth can be distributed to various communities. Score: 0 for centralized availability, 1 for bioregional availability, and 2 for local availability.		## Feedstock abundance - The worldwide distribution and supply of feedstocks involved in using particular products- such as abundance of clayey soil worldwide for compressed earth block production. The greater the distribution, the more wealth can be distributed to various communities. Score: 0 for centralized availability, 1 for bioregional availability, and 2 for local availability.

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:43, 7 April 2009
Line 66:		Line 66:
	===COMPONENTS===		===COMPONENTS===

	Here we present a list of products and ratings, where the products considered are primarily components. These components have many uses, as the building blocks for many other products. It is instructive to consider such building blocks as the generating set for a much larger economic process. In particular, special attention should go to products 12-16, which constitute the Fab Lab. The Fab Lab is used to produce all the other technologies, including the Fab Lab itself. These technologies are described at openfarmtech.org,20 and here a summary is given:		Here we present a list of products and ratings, where the products considered are primarily components. These components have many uses, as the building blocks for many other products. It is instructive to consider such building blocks as the generating set for a much larger economic process. In particular, special attention should go to products 12-16, which constitute the Fab Lab. The Fab Lab is used to produce all the other technologies, including the Fab Lab itself. These technologies are described at openfarmtech.org,<ref> See list of 16 technologies at http://openfarmtech.org/
			</ref> and here a summary is given:

	# Boundary layer turbine - simpler and more efficient alternative to most external and internal combustion engines and turbines, such as gasoline and diesel engines, Stirling engines, and air engines. The only more efficient energy conversion devices are bladed turbines and fuel cells.		# Boundary layer turbine - simpler and more efficient alternative to most external and internal combustion engines and turbines, such as gasoline and diesel engines, Stirling engines, and air engines. The only more efficient energy conversion devices are bladed turbines and fuel cells.
	# Solar concentrators - alternative heat collector to various types of heat generators, such as petrochemical fuel combustion, nuclear power, and geothermal sources		# Solar concentrators - alternative heat collector to various types of heat generators, such as petrochemical fuel combustion, nuclear power, and geothermal sources
	# ~~Babington21~~ and other fluid burners - alternative heat source to solar energy, internal combustion engines, or nuclear power		# Babington<ref> http://www.aipengineering.com/babington/Babington_Oil_Burner_HOWTO.html </ref> and other fluid burners - alternative heat source to solar energy, internal combustion engines, or nuclear power
	# Flash steam generators - basis of steam power		# Flash steam generators - basis of steam power
	# Wheel motors - low-speed, high-torque electric motors		# Wheel motors - low-speed, high-torque electric motors
Line 82:		Line 83:
	Means of fabrication:		Means of fabrication:

	# CNC ~~Multimachine22~~ - mill, drill, lathe, metal forming, other grinding/cutting		# CNC Multimachine<ref> http://opensourcemachine.org/ </ref> - mill, drill, lathe, metal forming, other grinding/cutting
	# XYZ-controlled torch and router table - can accommodate an acetylene torch, plasma cutter, router, and possibly CO2 laser cutter diodes		# XYZ-controlled torch and router table - can accommodate an acetylene torch, plasma cutter, router, and possibly CO2 laser cutter diodes
	# Metal casting equipment - various metal parts		# Metal casting equipment - various metal parts
	# Plastic ~~extruder23~~ - plastic glazing and other applications		# Plastic extruder<ref> See Extruder_doc.pdf at http://www.fastonline.org/CD3WD_40/CD3WD/INDEX.HTM </ref> - plastic glazing and other applications
	# Electronics fabrication - oscilloscope, multimeter, circuit fabrication; specific power electronics products include battery chargers, inverters, converters, transformers, solar charge controllers, PWM DC motor controllers, multipole motor controllers		# Electronics fabrication - oscilloscope, multimeter, circuit fabrication; specific power electronics products include battery chargers, inverters, converters, transformers, solar charge controllers, PWM DC motor controllers, multipole motor controllers