Polyethylene from Ethanol/Research Development - Revision history

Poli: /* Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis */

2012-06-02T13:35:40Z

Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 2 June 2012
Line 87:		Line 87:
	Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition of C3-C8 terminal alkene comonomers and for the current invention are kept under 2% of mixture. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.		Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition of C3-C8 terminal alkene comonomers and for the current invention are kept under 2% of mixture. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.

	Novel High Performance Ziegler-Natta Catalyst for Ethylene Slurry Polymerization by Zifang et al describes an improved method for homogenizing catalyst particle size catalyst of MgCl/TiCl2 using tetrabutyloxsilicane as an electron donor. Heterogeneous catalyst particle size contributes to dispersion of the polymers molecular weight. This is undesirable because the characteristics of the product can vary unpredictably, as well as fouling machinery. The catalyst is prepared by combining 100 ml of toluene epoxy chloropropane 12.0 ml of tributyl phosphate in a reactor. The mixture was heated to 80°C with agitation, and after dissolving to form a homogeneous solution the reaction was cooled to -25°C. Then 3 ml tetrabutyloxsilicane and 60 ml of TiCl4 were added dropwise and the temperature was slowly raised to 80°C. The reaction was held for 2 hours before the supernatant was removed and residue was washed with toluene and with hexane. The catalyst was dried under pure N2 to give a solid catalyst component with narrow particle size distribution. The polyethene polymerization reaction was conducted in an autoclave reactor under N2. The solvent was 1 l of hexane, 1 mmol of TEA, and 0.25 mg were added and the heated to 75 C. Hydrogen was added up the pressure reached 0.28 MPa and ethylene was added until the pressure reached 0.73 Mpa. The reaction was heated to 80 C and held for 2 hr. A control was prepared with a commercial catalyst and the products compared with 13C NMR, gel filtration, strength tests, and comonomerization with 1-butylene. A number of improved characteristics are attributed high branching in larger molecules and lower branch in the smaller molecules including a higher strength and denser product.		Novel High Performance Ziegler-Natta Catalyst for Ethylene Slurry Polymerization by Zifang et al describes an improved method for homogenizing catalyst particle size catalyst of MgCl/TiCl2 using tetrabutyloxsilicane as an electron donor. Heterogeneous catalyst particle size contributes to dispersion of the polymers molecular weight. This is undesirable because the characteristics of the product can vary unpredictably, as well as fouling machinery. The catalyst is prepared by combining 100 ml of toluene, 6 ml epoxy chloropropane, and 12.0 ml of tributyl phosphate in a reactor. The mixture was heated to 80°C with agitation, and after dissolving to form a homogeneous solution the reaction was cooled to -25°C. Then 3 ml tetrabutyloxsilicane and 60 ml of TiCl4 were added dropwise and the temperature was slowly raised to 80°C. The reaction was held for 2 hours before the supernatant was removed and residue was washed with toluene and with hexane. The catalyst was dried under pure N2 to give a solid catalyst component with narrow particle size distribution. The polyethene polymerization reaction was conducted in an autoclave reactor under N2. The solvent was 1 l of hexane, 1 mmol of TEA, and 0.25 mg were added and the heated to 75 C. Hydrogen was added until the pressure reached 0.28 MPa and ethylene was added until the pressure reached 0.73 Mpa. The reaction was heated to 80 C and held for 2 hr. A control was prepared with a commercial catalyst and the products compared with 13C NMR, gel filtration, strength tests, and comonomerization with 1-butylene. A number of improved characteristics are attributed high branching in larger molecules and lower branch in the smaller molecules including a higher strength and denser product.

	http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf		http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf

Poli: /* Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis */

2012-06-02T12:51:00Z

Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:51, 2 June 2012
Line 86:		Line 86:
	ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)		ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)
	Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition of C3-C8 terminal alkene comonomers and for the current invention are kept under 2% of mixture. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.		Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition of C3-C8 terminal alkene comonomers and for the current invention are kept under 2% of mixture. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.

			Novel High Performance Ziegler-Natta Catalyst for Ethylene Slurry Polymerization by Zifang et al describes an improved method for homogenizing catalyst particle size catalyst of MgCl/TiCl2 using tetrabutyloxsilicane as an electron donor. Heterogeneous catalyst particle size contributes to dispersion of the polymers molecular weight. This is undesirable because the characteristics of the product can vary unpredictably, as well as fouling machinery. The catalyst is prepared by combining 100 ml of toluene epoxy chloropropane 12.0 ml of tributyl phosphate in a reactor. The mixture was heated to 80°C with agitation, and after dissolving to form a homogeneous solution the reaction was cooled to -25°C. Then 3 ml tetrabutyloxsilicane and 60 ml of TiCl4 were added dropwise and the temperature was slowly raised to 80°C. The reaction was held for 2 hours before the supernatant was removed and residue was washed with toluene and with hexane. The catalyst was dried under pure N2 to give a solid catalyst component with narrow particle size distribution. The polyethene polymerization reaction was conducted in an autoclave reactor under N2. The solvent was 1 l of hexane, 1 mmol of TEA, and 0.25 mg were added and the heated to 75 C. Hydrogen was added up the pressure reached 0.28 MPa and ethylene was added until the pressure reached 0.73 Mpa. The reaction was heated to 80 C and held for 2 hr. A control was prepared with a commercial catalyst and the products compared with 13C NMR, gel filtration, strength tests, and comonomerization with 1-butylene. A number of improved characteristics are attributed high branching in larger molecules and lower branch in the smaller molecules including a higher strength and denser product.

	http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf		http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf

Poli: /* Value adding */

2012-05-26T15:32:34Z

Value adding

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 26 May 2012
Line 121:		Line 121:

	http://moritz.botany.ut.ee/~olli/b/Adam05.pdf		http://moritz.botany.ut.ee/~olli/b/Adam05.pdf

			http://www.ginegar.com/htmls/article.aspx?c0=12258&bsp=12255

	Nanocomposites of organic polymers and certain minerals have better mechanical, thermal, barrier characteristics are currently under development to utilize the right catalysts and substrates under the optimal conditions.		Nanocomposites of organic polymers and certain minerals have better mechanical, thermal, barrier characteristics are currently under development to utilize the right catalysts and substrates under the optimal conditions.

Poli: /* Value adding */

2012-05-26T14:40:47Z

Value adding

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 26 May 2012
Line 119:		Line 119:

	Production of advanced materials, such as greenhouse glazing, from local feedstocks and catalysts could yield dramatic cost reductions. Fulfilling a necessary product ecology and lowering costs is a multiplicative gain.		Production of advanced materials, such as greenhouse glazing, from local feedstocks and catalysts could yield dramatic cost reductions. Fulfilling a necessary product ecology and lowering costs is a multiplicative gain.

			http://moritz.botany.ut.ee/~olli/b/Adam05.pdf

	Nanocomposites of organic polymers and certain minerals have better mechanical, thermal, barrier characteristics are currently under development to utilize the right catalysts and substrates under the optimal conditions.		Nanocomposites of organic polymers and certain minerals have better mechanical, thermal, barrier characteristics are currently under development to utilize the right catalysts and substrates under the optimal conditions.

Poli at 14:29, 23 May 2012

2012-05-23T14:29:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:29, 23 May 2012
Line 122:		Line 122:
	Nanocomposites of organic polymers and certain minerals have better mechanical, thermal, barrier characteristics are currently under development to utilize the right catalysts and substrates under the optimal conditions.		Nanocomposites of organic polymers and certain minerals have better mechanical, thermal, barrier characteristics are currently under development to utilize the right catalysts and substrates under the optimal conditions.

	Polyethylene/clay nanocomposites in-situ exfoliation of montmorillonite during Ziegler-Natta polymerization of ethylene by Jin et details a method to prepare a pretreated clay composite for improved polymerization using AlR3/TiCl2. The pretreatment of the montmorillonite involves attachment of the catalyst TiCl4 to hydroxyl groups and activation with triethylaluminium, this was immediately followed by polymerization.		[http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf Polyethylene/clay nanocomposites in-situ exfoliation of montmorillonite during Ziegler-Natta polymerization of ethylene] by Jin et details a method to prepare a pretreated clay composite for improved polymerization using AlR3/TiCl2. The pretreatment of the montmorillonite involves attachment of the catalyst TiCl4 to hydroxyl groups and activation with triethylaluminium, this was immediately followed by polymerization. MMT was dried under vacuum for 24 hr and ethylene was sieved through 3 A and deoxygenated. A 1 l glass high pressure reactor was charged with 200 ml toluene and 5 g MMT at 30 C, and 0.9 mm TiCl4 catalyst for fixation. TEA 36 mm was used to activate the catalyst. Polymerization was initiated with the addition of ethylene at 30-50 C at 4 bars.

	=== Polyethylene recycling ===		=== Polyethylene recycling ===

Poli: /* Value adding */

2012-05-23T13:00:49Z

Value adding

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 23 May 2012
Line 119:		Line 119:

	Production of advanced materials, such as greenhouse glazing, from local feedstocks and catalysts could yield dramatic cost reductions. Fulfilling a necessary product ecology and lowering costs is a multiplicative gain.		Production of advanced materials, such as greenhouse glazing, from local feedstocks and catalysts could yield dramatic cost reductions. Fulfilling a necessary product ecology and lowering costs is a multiplicative gain.

			Nanocomposites of organic polymers and certain minerals have better mechanical, thermal, barrier characteristics are currently under development to utilize the right catalysts and substrates under the optimal conditions.

			Polyethylene/clay nanocomposites in-situ exfoliation of montmorillonite during Ziegler-Natta polymerization of ethylene by Jin et details a method to prepare a pretreated clay composite for improved polymerization using AlR3/TiCl2. The pretreatment of the montmorillonite involves attachment of the catalyst TiCl4 to hydroxyl groups and activation with triethylaluminium, this was immediately followed by polymerization.

	=== Polyethylene recycling ===		=== Polyethylene recycling ===

Poli: /* Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis */

2012-05-23T00:20:15Z

Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:20, 23 May 2012
Line 88:		Line 88:

	http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf		http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf

			http://144.206.159.178/ft/862/183977/4700705.pdf

			http://stratingh.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/root/1999/JAmChemSocRingelberg/1999JAmChemSocRingelberg.PDF

			http://carbon.imr.ac.cn/file/Journal/2004/04_JAPS_92_3697-TongX.pdf

			http://144.206.159.178/FT/632/52016/912929.pdf

			http://www.chemie.uni-konstanz.de/agmeck/PUBLICATIONS/2006_MACROMOLECULES_39_2056_NANOCOMPOSI.PDF

			http://www.kyu.edu.tw/93/epaperv7/083.pdf

			http://kops.ub.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/handle/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-73554/2008_JACS_130_13204_Yu_Mecking_narrow_dispersity_PE.pdf?sequence=1

	A simple version of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst seems feasible for OSE and can utilize the same elements (Al and Ti) as the dehydration step. Triethylaluminium (TEA) is an organoaluminium activator cocatalyst that is available in commodity form and has a relatively straight forward synthesis. Purchased cocatalyst combined with titanium and/or magnesium, possibly on a silicate matrix could be prepared on a small scale and used in an polyethylene polymerization.		A simple version of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst seems feasible for OSE and can utilize the same elements (Al and Ti) as the dehydration step. Triethylaluminium (TEA) is an organoaluminium activator cocatalyst that is available in commodity form and has a relatively straight forward synthesis. Purchased cocatalyst combined with titanium and/or magnesium, possibly on a silicate matrix could be prepared on a small scale and used in an polyethylene polymerization.

Poli: /* Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis */

2012-05-22T23:11:40Z

Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:11, 22 May 2012
Line 86:		Line 86:
	ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)		ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)
	Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition of C3-C8 terminal alkene comonomers and for the current invention are kept under 2% of mixture. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.		Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition of C3-C8 terminal alkene comonomers and for the current invention are kept under 2% of mixture. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.

			http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~eco/file/32.pdf

	A simple version of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst seems feasible for OSE and can utilize the same elements (Al and Ti) as the dehydration step. Triethylaluminium (TEA) is an organoaluminium activator cocatalyst that is available in commodity form and has a relatively straight forward synthesis. Purchased cocatalyst combined with titanium and/or magnesium, possibly on a silicate matrix could be prepared on a small scale and used in an polyethylene polymerization.		A simple version of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst seems feasible for OSE and can utilize the same elements (Al and Ti) as the dehydration step. Triethylaluminium (TEA) is an organoaluminium activator cocatalyst that is available in commodity form and has a relatively straight forward synthesis. Purchased cocatalyst combined with titanium and/or magnesium, possibly on a silicate matrix could be prepared on a small scale and used in an polyethylene polymerization.

Poli: /* Value adding */

2012-05-18T18:46:36Z

Value adding

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:46, 18 May 2012
Line 94:		Line 94:

	=== Value adding ===		=== Value adding ===

			http://www.google.com/patents/US5156789
	Demonstrating particular uses such as 3D printer resin with raw material can be considered a value added process.		Demonstrating particular uses such as 3D printer resin with raw material can be considered a value added process.

Poli: /* Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis */

2012-05-18T14:38:07Z

Ethylene to polyethylene polymerization catalysis

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 18 May 2012
Line 73:		Line 73:
	q = 1.5m + 2		q = 1.5m + 2
	ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)		ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)
			The patent describes a polymer with good good film properties that is produced by polymerizing with a minor comonomer (<10%) of C3-C8 without branching within 4C of the polymerization end. The comonomer is in the form of the terminal alkenes and controls the density of the resulting polymer.

	[http://www.google.com/patents/US4383095 US patent 4,383,095] issued to Goeke et al on May 10 1983 details a catalyst made of magnesium and titanium which is capable of polymerizing high density polyethylene polymers in a fluid bed reactor that display many favorable characteristics for casting and injection molding. They build on the catalyst detailed in US patent 4,132,532 containing titanium compound with a hydrocarbon free radical and halogen. The catalyst is supported on a bed of inert porous material such as silica.The formula of the catalyst is Mgm Ti1 (OR)n Xp (ED)q
			[http://www.google.com/patents/US4383095 US patent 4,383,095] issued to Goeke et al on May 10 1983 details a catalyst made of magnesium and titanium which is capable of polymerizing high density polyethylene polymers in a fluid bed reactor that display many favorable characteristics for casting and injection molding. They build on the catalyst detailed in US patent 4,132,532 and 4,302,565 containing titanium compound with a hydrocarbon free radical and halogen. The catalyst is supported on a bed of inert porous material such as silica. The formula of the catalyst is Mgm Ti1 (OR)n Xp (ED)q
	Mg = magnesium		Mg = magnesium
	m = 0.5-56		m = 0.5-56
Line 83:		Line 85:
	q = 1.5m + 2		q = 1.5m + 2
	ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)		ED = electron donor (suitable solvent)
	Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition ~~of aluminium paired radical hydrocarbon olefins electron donors~~ of C3-C8 for ~~copolymerization~~. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.		Magnesium halogen salts are preferred with anhydrous MgCl2 being favored. A process for the preparation of a precursor of the magnesium titanium catalyst involves dissolving the magnesium and titanium compounds in a suitable electron donor solvent at a temperature >20 C but not above the boiling point of the solvent. The catalyst precursor is purified with a C5-c8 hydrocarbon and crystallization or precipitation. The patent details procedure to impregnate the support material with the titanium and magnesium catalyst. The Mg/Ti precursor is dissolved in ED solvent again and the support material is added in a weight ratio or 0.0333 to 1.0, preferably with a molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.43. The solvent is removed by drying at a temperature of under 70 C. Preferably, the original purification of the Mg/Ti catalyst precursor may be skipped and the support matrix added directly to the precursor in the ED solvation. Drying must be carefully controlled to maintain the ED stoichiometry defined by q. Activator may be added to dried silica support in the range of 1-10% by weight before impregnation with catalyst precursor. Density of the resulting polymer is controlled by the addition of C3-C8 terminal alkene comonomers and for the current invention are kept under 2% of mixture. Activator (5-30%) in a hydrocarbon solution is added directly to the reactor through a separate port so as to maintain an activator:Ti ratio of 10-400:1, and preferably 15-60:1. A gas input of 1.5 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 Gmf (velocity required to maintain fluidization) is suggested and gas recycle to make-up of 50:1 is usual. Charging of the reactor bed with prepolymer is conducted before the addition of catalyst and substrate. Discussion of the fluid bed reactor operation can be found in the [[Fluidized bed reactor \| fluid bed reactor]] for plastic synthesis literature review.

	A simple version of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst seems feasible for OSE and can utilize the same elements (Al and Ti) as the dehydration step. Triethylaluminium (TEA) is an organoaluminium activator cocatalyst that is available in commodity form and has a relatively straight forward synthesis. Purchased cocatalyst combined with titanium and/or magnesium, possibly on a silicate matrix could be prepared on a small scale and used in an polyethylene polymerization.		A simple version of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst seems feasible for OSE and can utilize the same elements (Al and Ti) as the dehydration step. Triethylaluminium (TEA) is an organoaluminium activator cocatalyst that is available in commodity form and has a relatively straight forward synthesis. Purchased cocatalyst combined with titanium and/or magnesium, possibly on a silicate matrix could be prepared on a small scale and used in an polyethylene polymerization.