Saturated Water - Revision history

Marcin: /* Useful Links */

2020-11-29T23:04:21Z

Useful Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 29 November 2020
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	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_accumulator Wikipedia Page On Steam Accumulators]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_accumulator Wikipedia Page On Steam Accumulators]
	*Presentation on saturated water - [http://www.unipamplona.edu.co/unipamplona/portalIG/home_34/recursos/01general/17012012/unidad_iii_termo_i.pdf]		*Presentation on saturated water - [http://www.unipamplona.edu.co/unipamplona/portalIG/home_34/recursos/01general/17012012/unidad_iii_termo_i.pdf]
			*Get seminal book from the library - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/steam-storage-installations-construction-design-and-operation-of-industrial-heat-accumulators/oclc/473362265]

Marcin: /* Research */

2020-11-29T23:02:15Z

Research

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 29 November 2020
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	**Thus, a 250 gallon tank (about 1 cu m) produces about 15kWhr of usable energy. However, there is a 20% factor here somewhere because the water is used up - and pressure drops. What is that reduction factor? Huh?		**Thus, a 250 gallon tank (about 1 cu m) produces about 15kWhr of usable energy. However, there is a 20% factor here somewhere because the water is used up - and pressure drops. What is that reduction factor? Huh?
	**Let's go back. Heat pumped in is 460 kJ/kg, or 460 MJ/cu m. About 150 kWhr. It makes not a lot of sense to use solar to generate this heat - about 25kW array or $8k of PV would be needed. However, if this is extracted at 10% - for 15kWhr of usable energy - $8k for electrical autonomy would be great. If that figure drops to only 25% by other? losses - then it's back to biogas or charcoal. However, if solar thermal could do it at a cheaper cost than PV, that would be workable.		**Let's go back. Heat pumped in is 460 kJ/kg, or 460 MJ/cu m. About 150 kWhr. It makes not a lot of sense to use solar to generate this heat - about 25kW array or $8k of PV would be needed. However, if this is extracted at 10% - for 15kWhr of usable energy - $8k for electrical autonomy would be great. If that figure drops to only 25% by other? losses - then it's back to biogas or charcoal. However, if solar thermal could do it at a cheaper cost than PV, that would be workable.
			**'''Question:''' Why is the thermal storage only 20kWhr/m3 if we pumped in about 150kWhr? Where did all the energy go?
	Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg		Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg
	Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.		Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.

Marcin: /* Research */

2020-11-29T22:44:13Z

Research

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 29 November 2020
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	**If this steam engine is 10% efficient - then we have 0.015kWhr/kg usable motion energy, convertible to electrical power		**If this steam engine is 10% efficient - then we have 0.015kWhr/kg usable motion energy, convertible to electrical power
	**Thus, a 250 gallon tank (about 1 cu m) produces about 15kWhr of usable energy. However, there is a 20% factor here somewhere because the water is used up - and pressure drops. What is that reduction factor? Huh?		**Thus, a 250 gallon tank (about 1 cu m) produces about 15kWhr of usable energy. However, there is a 20% factor here somewhere because the water is used up - and pressure drops. What is that reduction factor? Huh?
	**Let's go back. Heat pumped in is 460 kJ/kg, or 460 MJ/cu m. About 150 kWhr. It makes not a lot of sense to use solar to generate this heat - about 25kW array or $8k of PV would be needed. However, if this is extracted at 10% - for 15kWhr of usable energy - $8k for electrical autonomy would be great. If that figure drops to only 25% by other? losses - then it's back to biogas or charcoal.		**Let's go back. Heat pumped in is 460 kJ/kg, or 460 MJ/cu m. About 150 kWhr. It makes not a lot of sense to use solar to generate this heat - about 25kW array or $8k of PV would be needed. However, if this is extracted at 10% - for 15kWhr of usable energy - $8k for electrical autonomy would be great. If that figure drops to only 25% by other? losses - then it's back to biogas or charcoal. However, if solar thermal could do it at a cheaper cost than PV, that would be workable.
	Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg		Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg
	Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.		Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.

Marcin: /* Research */

2020-11-29T22:43:04Z

Research

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:43, 29 November 2020
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	**Thus, on a kilogram basis - one kg of saturated water contains about 0.15 kWhr of usable energy that can be extracted by a steam engine - as this water can release steam readily.		**Thus, on a kilogram basis - one kg of saturated water contains about 0.15 kWhr of usable energy that can be extracted by a steam engine - as this water can release steam readily.
	**If this steam engine is 10% efficient - then we have 0.015kWhr/kg usable motion energy, convertible to electrical power		**If this steam engine is 10% efficient - then we have 0.015kWhr/kg usable motion energy, convertible to electrical power
	**Thus, a 250 gallon tank (about 1 cu m) produces about 15kWhr of usable energy. However, there is a 20% factor here somewhere because the water is used up - and pressure drops. What is that reduction factor?		**Thus, a 250 gallon tank (about 1 cu m) produces about 15kWhr of usable energy. However, there is a 20% factor here somewhere because the water is used up - and pressure drops. What is that reduction factor? Huh?
			**Let's go back. Heat pumped in is 460 kJ/kg, or 460 MJ/cu m. About 150 kWhr. It makes not a lot of sense to use solar to generate this heat - about 25kW array or $8k of PV would be needed. However, if this is extracted at 10% - for 15kWhr of usable energy - $8k for electrical autonomy would be great. If that figure drops to only 25% by other? losses - then it's back to biogas or charcoal.
	Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg		Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg
	Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.		Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.

Marcin: /* Research */

2020-11-29T22:21:49Z

Research

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:21, 29 November 2020
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	*'''The difference beween the two is 460 kJ/kg''' that can be released as steam energy. This appears to be the stored energy that can be extracted by a steam engine		*'''The difference beween the two is 460 kJ/kg''' that can be released as steam energy. This appears to be the stored energy that can be extracted by a steam engine
	**Note: 1 MJ ~ 0.3 kWhr. ]		**Note: 1 MJ ~ 0.3 kWhr. ]
	**Thus, on a kilogram basis - one kg of		**Thus, on a kilogram basis - one kg of saturated water contains about 0.15 kWhr of usable energy that can be extracted by a steam engine - as this water can release steam readily.
			**If this steam engine is 10% efficient - then we have 0.015kWhr/kg usable motion energy, convertible to electrical power
			**Thus, a 250 gallon tank (about 1 cu m) produces about 15kWhr of usable energy. However, there is a 20% factor here somewhere because the water is used up - and pressure drops. What is that reduction factor?
	Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg		Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg
	Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.		Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.

Marcin: /* Sample System Design */

2020-11-29T22:17:00Z

Sample System Design

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:17, 29 November 2020
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	*1000 gallon propane tank - [https://www.kleen-ritecorp.com/p-37890-1000-gallon-underground-propane-tank.aspx] - $4k		*1000 gallon propane tank - [https://www.kleen-ritecorp.com/p-37890-1000-gallon-underground-propane-tank.aspx] - $4k
	*Volume - 3.8 cu m. Should yield ample storage, 8 kWhr for a night		*Volume - 3.8 cu m. Should yield ample storage, 8 kWhr for a night
	*

	=See Also=		=See Also=

Marcin: /* Useful Links */

2020-11-29T22:15:23Z

Useful Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:15, 29 November 2020
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	=Useful Links=		=Useful Links=
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_accumulator Wikipedia Page On Steam Accumulators]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_accumulator Wikipedia Page On Steam Accumulators]
			*Presentation on saturated water - [http://www.unipamplona.edu.co/unipamplona/portalIG/home_34/recursos/01general/17012012/unidad_iii_termo_i.pdf]

Marcin: /* Research */

2020-11-29T22:14:32Z

Research

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:14, 29 November 2020
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	*Calculator - give it pressure - and it tells you what temperature water boils at and its energy content at that temperature - [http://www2.spiraxsarco.com/esc/SW_Properties.aspx]		*Calculator - give it pressure - and it tells you what temperature water boils at and its energy content at that temperature - [http://www2.spiraxsarco.com/esc/SW_Properties.aspx]
	*18 bar water is at 209C and 900kJ/kg, at 1 bar it is 100C and 420kJ/kg. At 18 bar, density is 860 kg/m3		*18 bar water is at 209C and 900kJ/kg, at 1 bar it is 100C and 420kJ/kg. At 18 bar, density is 860 kg/m3
	*The difference beween the two is 460 kJ/kg that can be released as steam energy. This appears to be the stored energy that can be extracted by a steam engine		*'''The difference beween the two is 460 kJ/kg''' that can be released as steam energy. This appears to be the stored energy that can be extracted by a steam engine
			**Note: 1 MJ ~ 0.3 kWhr. ]
			**Thus, on a kilogram basis - one kg of
	Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg		Thus, a 10,000 gallon (38 cubic meter) tank at 18 bar contains 38860 kg or 33,000 kg
	Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.		Energy releasable from this is 33,000480kJ = 16 GJ.
	*1 GJ = 280 kWhr		*1 GJ = 280 kWhr
	*Thus 4400 kWhr.		*Thus 4400 kWhr.

	*Extracted at 15% efficiency via a steam engine, that is 590 kWhr. But 1/4 the value for '''effective extraction due to pressure loss''' through discharge - and have 150 kWhr. '''Examine this for a system under OSE conditions of 1000 gallon tank + 1/4 HP steam engine.'''		*Extracted at 15% efficiency via a steam engine, that is 590 kWhr. But 1/4 the value for '''effective extraction due to pressure loss''' through discharge - and have 150 kWhr. '''Examine this for a system under OSE conditions of 1000 gallon tank + 1/4 HP steam engine.'''
	*Acceptable.		*Acceptable.

Marcin: /* Basic Numbers */

2020-11-29T21:47:58Z

Basic Numbers

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:47, 29 November 2020
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	*It is liquid water at above its boiling point by being compressed under low pressure, providing heat storage that appears to be superior to any known thermal or electrochemical energy storage method, outside of chemical storage (fuels like Gasoline or Hydrogen)		*It is liquid water at above its boiling point by being compressed under low pressure, providing heat storage that appears to be superior to any known thermal or electrochemical energy storage method, outside of chemical storage (fuels like Gasoline or Hydrogen)

	~~=Basic Numbers=~~		*This paper [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.525.3795&rep=rep1&type=pdf] '''shows 20-30 kWhr/m3 (about 1000 kWhr for 38 cubic meters) storage capacity''' which considers the pressure drop or about 1/4 of the theoretical value. '''Use this with a [[Variable Cutoff Steam Engine]]. '''Point: take 20 kWhr/m3, extract at 10% efficiency - and you have 2 kWhr from a cubic meter storage vessel!''' This is very attractive. For example, using a 18" steel pipe, 6 meters long - gets you this storage volume, and can be used for combined heat and power.'''
	This paper [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.525.3795&rep=rep1&type=pdf] '''shows 20-30 kWhr/m3 (about 1000 kWhr for 38 cubic meters) storage capacity''' which considers the pressure drop or about 1/4 of the theoretical value. '''Use this with a [[Variable Cutoff Steam Engine]]. '''Point: take 20 kWhr/m3, extract at 10% efficiency - and you have 2 kWhr from a cubic meter storage vessel!''' This is very attractive. For example, using a 18" steel pipe, 6 meters long - gets you this storage volume, and can be used for combined heat and power.'''

	=Research=		=Research=

Marcin: /* Basics */

2020-11-29T21:47:51Z

Basics

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:47, 29 November 2020
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	{{Hint\|Summary: saturatated water at 18 bar provides 20 kWhr per cubic meter of energy storage. Extracted at 10% by a [[Variable Cutoff Steam Engine]], and this a practical way to store electrical energy}}.		{{Hint\|Summary: saturatated water at 18 bar provides 20 kWhr per cubic meter of energy storage. Extracted at 10% by a [[Variable Cutoff Steam Engine]], and this a practical way to store electrical energy}}.

	=~~Basics~~=		=Basic Numbers=
	*This page explores the concept of Saturated Water, as well as its various applications towards OSE's goals		*This page explores the concept of Saturated Water, as well as its various applications towards OSE's goals
	*It is liquid water at above its boiling point by being compressed under low pressure, providing heat storage that appears to be superior to any known thermal or electrochemical energy storage method, outside of chemical storage (fuels like Gasoline or Hydrogen)		*It is liquid water at above its boiling point by being compressed under low pressure, providing heat storage that appears to be superior to any known thermal or electrochemical energy storage method, outside of chemical storage (fuels like Gasoline or Hydrogen)