Silage - Revision history

Rasmus: /* Applications and Product Ecology */ added link biofilter

2017-03-08T22:26:51Z

Applications and Product Ecology: added link biofilter

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:26, 8 March 2017
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	* silage contains abundant '''lactic acid''' - a major platform chemical for organic chemistry		* silage contains abundant '''lactic acid''' - a major platform chemical for organic chemistry
	* lactic acid is the basic feedstock for many biodegradable '''[[:Category:Bioplastics\|bioplastics such as PLA]]'''. In a process [[Upper_Austria_Green_Biorefinery\| described here]], silage is pressed and the liquid harvested for its amino acids and lactic acid. The remaining fibrous cake can still be used as fodder for livestock or as biomass for other uses (combustion, pyrolysis, biochar, perhaps as mulch ...).		* lactic acid is the basic feedstock for many biodegradable '''[[:Category:Bioplastics\|bioplastics such as PLA]]'''. In a process [[Upper_Austria_Green_Biorefinery\| described here]], silage is pressed and the liquid harvested for its amino acids and lactic acid. The remaining fibrous cake can still be used as fodder for livestock or as biomass for other uses (combustion, pyrolysis, biochar, perhaps as mulch ...).
	* '''[[bioplastics]]''' are ~~also~~ needed to make silage bales or silage tubes		* '''[[bioplastics]]''' are needed to make silage bales or silage tubes
	* '''compressed earth bricks''' to build a permanent vertical silo		* '''compressed earth bricks''' to build a permanent vertical silo
	* a nitrogen-rich, often highly acidic liquid often drains from larger silos (effluent). It can be used as '''liquid fertilizer''' ([http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00352.x/abstract example here]), for growing [[duckweed]] and possibly [[azolla]], or in hydroponics (although it may have to be buffered with [[lime]] or ash first).		* a nitrogen-rich, often highly acidic liquid often drains from larger silos (effluent). It can be used as '''liquid fertilizer''' ([http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00352.x/abstract example here]), for growing [[duckweed]] and possibly [[azolla]], or in hydroponics (although it may have to be buffered with [[lime]] or ash first).
	* effluent can be used to clean up soils which are contaminated with heavy metals; see [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/004565359490135X]		* effluent can be used to clean up soils which are contaminated with heavy metals; see [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/004565359490135X]
	* effluent may be suitable for "charging" [[biochar]] with nutrients ~~(untested idea, but high likelihood of working)~~		* effluent may be suitable for "charging" [[biochar]] with nutrients
	* ~~filter any vented air~~ through a ~~charcoal filter (char later becomes~~ [[~~biochar~~]]) or soil ~~filter, to reduce smell~~		* to reduce odors, ventilation through a [[biofilter]] or soil [[biofilter]] should be considered
	* large scale carbon sequestration: carbon in silage is stable for ~~some~~ time~~, does not return to the atmosphere until it is exposed to oxygen~~		* large scale carbon sequestration: carbon in silage is can be stable for a long time
	* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]		* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]. Still low yield but may improve in the future with special strains.

	* see also: [[Metal Roller]], [[CEB Press]], [[3D Printer]]

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Rasmus at 00:20, 2 March 2016

2016-03-02T00:20:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:20, 2 March 2016
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	==Suitable feedstocks==		==Suitable feedstocks==
	grass crops, corn (maize), sorghum, cereals (wheat, oats), hemp, [[duckweed]], beans, clover, sunflowers, ...		grass crops, corn (maize), sorghum, cereals (wheat, oats), [[hemp]], [[duckweed]], [[azolla]], beans, clover, sunflowers, ...

	==Managing Leachate==		==Managing Leachate==
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	* diversion trenches, roovs, covers over silo.		* diversion trenches, roovs, covers over silo.
	* when mixed with manure, leachate produces hydrogen sulfide and other hazardous gases that can kill animals and humans		* when mixed with manure, leachate produces hydrogen sulfide and other hazardous gases that can kill animals and humans
			* leachate can potentially be used in diluted form to fertilize [[duckweed]] and [[azolla]] but due to its low (acidic) pH, it may have to be buffered with something alkaline, such as ash
			* [[duckweed]] depends on external nitrogen inputs (provided at high levels by the leachate) while [[azolla]] makes its own. So perhaps [[duckweed]] is the better choice

	==Applications and Product Ecology==		==Applications and Product Ecology==

Rasmus: /* Applications and Product Ecology */ small edits

2016-03-01T18:02:15Z

Applications and Product Ecology: small edits

Zdwiel: /* Applications and Product Ecology */ change link from ceb to ceb press

2012-07-03T00:22:09Z

Applications and Product Ecology: change link from ceb to ceb press

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:22, 3 July 2012
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	* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]		* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]
	* (speculative, unproven:) is it possible to grow '''[[Black_Soldier_Fly\|maggots]]''' on silage ? (use for aquaculture and as chicken/duck food)		* (speculative, unproven:) is it possible to grow '''[[Black_Soldier_Fly\|maggots]]''' on silage ? (use for aquaculture and as chicken/duck food)
	* see also: [[Metal Roller]], [[CEB]], [[3D Printer]]		* see also: [[Metal Roller]], [[CEB Press]], [[3D Printer]]

	==See Also==		==See Also==

Rasmus: minor rearrangements

2012-06-04T13:59:41Z

minor rearrangements

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 4 June 2012
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	* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]		* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]
	* (speculative, unproven:) is it possible to grow '''[[Black_Soldier_Fly\|maggots]]''' on silage ? (use for aquaculture and as chicken/duck food)		* (speculative, unproven:) is it possible to grow '''[[Black_Soldier_Fly\|maggots]]''' on silage ? (use for aquaculture and as chicken/duck food)
			* see also: [[Metal Roller]], [[CEB]], [[3D Printer]]

	==See Also==		==See Also==
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	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.
	* article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]		* article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]


	*[[Metal Roller]]
	*[[CEB]]
	*[[3D Printer]]

	[[File:silage03.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Bioplastics for silage bales]]		[[File:silage03.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Bioplastics for silage bales]]
	[[File:silage04.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Brick silo, but made of fired bricks, not CEBs]]		[[File:silage04.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Brick silo, but made of fired bricks, not CEBs]]

Rasmus at 14:34, 3 June 2012

2012-06-03T14:34:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 3 June 2012
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	==See Also==		==See Also==
	* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage Silage],		* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage Silage], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation lactic acid fermentation],
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid Polylactic acid]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid Polylactic acid]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.

Rasmus: added article link: ethanol production from silage - very significant yet low tech

2012-06-02T22:55:39Z

added article link: ethanol production from silage - very significant yet low tech

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:55, 2 June 2012
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	* filter any vented air through a charcoal filter (char later becomes [[biochar]]), to reduce smell		* filter any vented air through a charcoal filter (char later becomes [[biochar]]), to reduce smell
	* large scale carbon sequestration: carbon in silage is stable for a long time, does not go back to atmosphere until exposed to oxygen		* large scale carbon sequestration: carbon in silage is stable for a long time, does not go back to atmosphere until exposed to oxygen
			* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]
	* (speculative, unproven:) is it possible to grow '''[[Black_Soldier_Fly\|maggots]]''' on silage ? (use for aquaculture and as chicken/duck food)		* (speculative, unproven:) is it possible to grow '''[[Black_Soldier_Fly\|maggots]]''' on silage ? (use for aquaculture and as chicken/duck food)

Rasmus: /* See Also */

2012-06-02T22:50:20Z

Rasmus: /* See Also */ inserted link to article

2012-06-02T22:24:17Z

Rasmus at 14:34, 2 June 2012

2012-06-02T14:34:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 2 June 2012
Line 33:		Line 33:

	==Suitable feedstocks==		==Suitable feedstocks==
	grass crops, corn (maize), sorghum, cereals (wheat, oats), hemp, beans, clover, sunflowers, ...		grass crops, corn (maize), sorghum, cereals (wheat, oats), hemp, [[duckweed]], beans, clover, sunflowers, ...

			==Managing Leachate==
			Silage leachate is surplus water from silage, which carries soluble sugars, proteins and nutrients with it as it seeps out of the stack. Silage leachate is one of the most potentially contaminating wastes generated on the farm. It is considered to be 200 times stronger than raw domestic sewage, 40 times stronger than dairy shed waste and 8 times stronger than flushed piggery wastes. It is also extremely corrosive and can damage concrete and steel. Silage leachate concentrate is very toxic to stream health so we need to carefully locate and manage the silage pit to avoid any potential leachate entering surface and ground water.
			* locate silo as far away as possible from water resources
			* diversion trenches, roovs, covers over silo.
			* when mixed with manure, leachate produces hydrogen sulfide and other hazardous gases that can kill animals and humans

	==Applications and Product Ecology==		==Applications and Product Ecology==

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:02, 1 March 2016
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	* the traditional use: as livestock '''fodder''' for ruminants (cattle, goats, sheep)		* the traditional use: as livestock '''fodder''' for ruminants (cattle, goats, sheep)
	* feedstock for anaerobic digester to make '''[[biogas]]''' (popular: corn silage)		* feedstock for anaerobic digester to make '''[[biogas]]''' (popular: corn silage)
	* silage contains abundant '''lactic acid''' ~~(duh!)~~ - a major platform chemical for organic chemistry		* silage contains abundant '''lactic acid''' - a major platform chemical for organic chemistry
	* lactic acid is the basic feedstock for many biodegradable '''[[:Category:Bioplastics\|bioplastics such as PLA]]'''. In a process [[Upper_Austria_Green_Biorefinery\| described here]], silage is pressed and the liquid harvested for its amino acids and lactic acid. The remaining fibrous cake can still be used as fodder for livestock or as biomass for other uses (combustion, pyrolysis, biochar, perhaps as mulch ...).		* lactic acid is the basic feedstock for many biodegradable '''[[:Category:Bioplastics\|bioplastics such as PLA]]'''. In a process [[Upper_Austria_Green_Biorefinery\| described here]], silage is pressed and the liquid harvested for its amino acids and lactic acid. The remaining fibrous cake can still be used as fodder for livestock or as biomass for other uses (combustion, pyrolysis, biochar, perhaps as mulch ...).
	* '''[[bioplastics]]''' are also needed to make silage bales or silage tubes		* '''[[bioplastics]]''' are also needed to make silage bales or silage tubes
	* '''compressed earth bricks''' to build a permanent vertical silo		* '''compressed earth bricks''' to build a permanent vertical silo
	* ~~there is often~~ a nitrogen-rich, often highly acidic liquid ~~that~~ drains from larger silos (effluent). It can be used as '''liquid fertilizer''' ([http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00352.x/abstract example here]), for growing [[duckweed]], or in hydroponics (although it may have to be buffered first).		* a nitrogen-rich, often highly acidic liquid often drains from larger silos (effluent). It can be used as '''liquid fertilizer''' ([http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00352.x/abstract example here]), for growing [[duckweed]] and possibly [[azolla]], or in hydroponics (although it may have to be buffered with [[lime]] or ash first).
	* effluent can be used to clean up soils which are contaminated with heavy metals [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/004565359490135X]		* effluent can be used to clean up soils which are contaminated with heavy metals; see [http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/004565359490135X]
	* effluent may be suitable for "charging" [[biochar]] with nutrients (untested idea, but high likelihood of working)		* effluent may be suitable for "charging" [[biochar]] with nutrients (untested idea, but high likelihood of working)
	* filter any vented air through a charcoal filter (char later becomes [[biochar]]), to reduce smell		* filter any vented air through a charcoal filter (char later becomes [[biochar]]) or soil filter, to reduce smell
	* large scale carbon sequestration: carbon in silage is stable for ~~a long~~ time, does not ~~go back~~ to atmosphere until exposed to oxygen		* large scale carbon sequestration: carbon in silage is stable for some time, does not return to the atmosphere until it is exposed to oxygen
	* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]		* biofuel: ethanol from silage. See article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]
	* (speculative, unproven:) is it possible to grow '''[[Black_Soldier_Fly\|maggots]]''' on silage ? (use for aquaculture and as chicken/duck food)
	* see also: [[Metal Roller]], [[CEB Press]], [[3D Printer]]		* see also: [[Metal Roller]], [[CEB Press]], [[3D Printer]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 2 June 2012
Line 59:		Line 59:
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid Polylactic acid]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid Polylactic acid]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.
	*[http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]		* article [http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 2 June 2012
Line 59:		Line 59:
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid Polylactic acid]		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid Polylactic acid]
	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.		*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLA_film PLA PLA Plastic] - for 3D Printer.
			*[http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/46 "Silage produces biofuel for local consumption"]


	*[[Metal Roller]]		*[[Metal Roller]]