Drive mechanism selection: Difference between revisions

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=Linear motion=
A drive mechanism is the part of a machine that, through power provided by a motor, performs the intended task of a machine. It can for example be a belt moving a box or a ball screw lifting or lowering heavy equipment.
Linear motion is motion in a straight line. It is usually achieved by converting rotational motion to linear motion - such is the case for belt drives, lead screws, etc. but not for linear motors.


To achieve motion linear motion, consider the following solutions in relation to the factors that are relevant to your application.
Use the table below to identify the type of drive mechanism that is the most suited for your intended application.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
! Application factors !! Belt drives !! Chain drives !! Rack/Gear and pinion !! Roller Pinon/rack !! Leadscrews !! Ballscrews !! Linear Motors
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! style="vertical-align:bottom; font-weight:normal; text-align:left;" |
! style="background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Belt drives
! style="background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Chain drives
! style="background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Rack/Gear and   pinion
! style="background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Roller   Pinon/rack
! style="background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Leadscrews
! style="background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Ballscrews
! style="background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Linear Motors
|-
|-
| '''Accuracy''' || Low || Low || Low-High || High || Low || Low-High || High
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Accuracy
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| Low-High
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | High
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| Low-High
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | High
|- style="background-color:#FEFEA4;"
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Backlash/Vibration
| A  consideration
| A  consideration
| A  consideration
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Near  Zero
| A  consideration
| A  consideration
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Near  Zero
|- style="background-color:#A8E0B1;"
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Acceleration
| style="background-color:#FEFEA4;" | Medium
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| High
| High
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| style="background-color:#FEFEA4;" | Medium
| High
|- style="background-color:#FEFEA4;"
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Speed
| Medium
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| Medium
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | High
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| Medium
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | High
|- style="background-color:#A8E0B1;"
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Load capacity
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| style="background-color:#FEFEA4;" | Medium
| High
| High
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
| High
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | Low
|-
|-
| '''Backlash/Vibration''' || A consideration || A consideration || A consideration || Near Zero || A consideration || A consideration || Near Zero
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Length
|-
| Shorter
| '''Acceleration''' || Medium || Low  || High || High || Low  || Medium || High
| Shorter
|-
| Long
| '''Speed''' || Medium || Low  || Medium || High || Low  || Medium || High
| Long
|-
| Shorter
| '''Load capacity''' || Low  || Medium || High || High || Low  || High || Low
| Shorter
|-
| Moderate
| '''Length''' || Shorter || Shorter || Long || Long || Shorter || Shorter || Moderate
|- style="background-color:#FEFEA4;"
|-
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | High wear and short life
| '''High wear and short life''' || A consideration || A consideration || A consideration || Long life || A consideration || A consideration || Long life
| A   consideration
|-
| A   consideration
| '''Maintenance''' || A consideration || A consideration || A consideration || Low to none || A consideration || A consideration || Low to none
| A   consideration
|-
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Long   life
| '''Noise level''' || Medium || High || Medium || Low || High || Medium || Low  
| A   consideration
|-
| A   consideration
| '''Dust and dirt emissions''' || High || High || Moderate || Low to none || Moderate || Moderate || Low to none
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Long   life
|- style="background-color:#FEFEA4;"
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Maintenance
| A   consideration
| A   consideration
| A   consideration
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Low   to none
| A   consideration
| A   consideration
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Low   to none
|- style="background-color:#FEFEA4;"
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Noise level
| Medium
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | High
| Medium
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Low
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | High
| Medium
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Low
|- style="background-color:#FEFEA4;"
| style="text-align:right; font-weight:bold; background-color:#D9D9D9;" | Dust and dirt emissions
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | High
| style="background-color:#DA9694;" | High
| Moderate
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Low   to none
| Moderate
| Moderate
| style="background-color:#A8E0B1;" | Low   to none
|}
|}


=Rotary motion=
=See also=
For applications with heavy loads and slow turning, such as rotation of a crane, slewing bearings are suitable.
[[Guide to machine design]]
 
For applications with several, or several thousand, rotations per minute, rolling bearings are suitable.
 
==Rolling bearings==
 
Main article: [[Bearing selection]]
 
The table below shows level of suitability of different bearing types for different conditions.
 
[[File:Bearing type selection.png]]
 
This section is based on a table found in SKF handbooks and on the [https://www.engineersedge.com/bearing/bearing_selection.htm Engineers Edge website.]
 
[[File:Bearing types.png|500]]
Image source: https://www.machinedesign.com/learning-resources/whats-the-difference-between/article/21831901/whats-the-difference-between-bearings

Latest revision as of 20:05, 18 February 2023

A drive mechanism is the part of a machine that, through power provided by a motor, performs the intended task of a machine. It can for example be a belt moving a box or a ball screw lifting or lowering heavy equipment.

Use the table below to identify the type of drive mechanism that is the most suited for your intended application.

Belt drives Chain drives Rack/Gear and pinion Roller Pinon/rack Leadscrews Ballscrews Linear Motors
Accuracy Low Low Low-High High Low Low-High High
Backlash/Vibration A consideration A consideration A consideration Near Zero A consideration A consideration Near Zero
Acceleration Medium Low High High Low Medium High
Speed Medium Low Medium High Low Medium High
Load capacity Low Medium High High Low High Low
Length Shorter Shorter Long Long Shorter Shorter Moderate
High wear and short life A consideration A consideration A consideration Long life A consideration A consideration Long life
Maintenance A consideration A consideration A consideration Low to none A consideration A consideration Low to none
Noise level Medium High Medium Low High Medium Low
Dust and dirt emissions High High Moderate Low to none Moderate Moderate Low to none

See also

Guide to machine design

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