Edison Battery: Difference between revisions
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The Storage Battery: A practical treatise on the construction, theory, and use of secondary batteries (Treadwell, 1898) http://books.google.com/books?id=RDBPAAAAMAAJ | The Storage Battery: A practical treatise on the construction, theory, and use of secondary batteries (Treadwell, 1898) http://books.google.com/books?id=RDBPAAAAMAAJ | ||
==Electric Lighting (Crocker, 1904)== | |||
The book ''Electric Lighting'' written by Francis Crocker in 1904 contains a detailed description of the Edison battery as it had developed to that time. | |||
==The Edison Storage Battery== | |||
The standard cells of this type are 13 inches high, 5.1 inches wide, | |||
and vary in length according to their rating, the various capacities | |||
being obtained by simply increasing the number of plates. The positive | |||
and negative plates are alike in appearance, and consist of rectangular grids, | |||
of nickel-plated iron, each about 9 1/2 by 5 by .025 inch, punched with | |||
three rows of rectangular holes, eight holes to the row (Fig. 168); | |||
each hole being filled by a shallow perforated box of nickel-plated steel, | |||
the perforations being very fine, about 2,500 per square inch. | |||
The difference between the positive and negative plates is entirely | |||
in the contents of the perforated receptacles; those for the positive plate | |||
containing a mixture of oxide of nickel and pulverized carbon, the latter | |||
being employed to increase the conductivity of the active material. | |||
The receptacles for the negative plates contain a finely divided oxide of iron | |||
and pulverized carbon. When filled these receptacles are secured to the grid | |||
by placing them in the openings of the same, and subjecting the assembled plate | |||
to a pressure of about 100 tons, which expands the pockets and fixes them | |||
firmly in the grid, the assembled plates being shown in Fig. 169. | |||
The liquid employed consists of a 20 per cent solution of caustic potash, | |||
which undergoes no chemical change during the process of charge or discharge, | |||
acting simply as a conveyor of oxygen between the plates. The charging current, | |||
entering at the positive plates, oxidizes the nickel compound to the peroxide state, | |||
and reduces the iron compound in the negative plates to a spongy iron mass. | |||
The containing vessel consists of nickel-plated steel, and the plates are strong individually | |||
and close together, being separated by thin strips of vulcanized rubber, | |||
thus forming a compact mass. The terminals of the plate pass through the cover of the cell, | |||
from which they are insulated by vulcanized rubber bushings. | |||
The electrical features of the Edison cell are as follows:— | |||
Average voltage of charge at normal rate, 1.68. | |||
Average voltage of discharge at normal rate, 1.24. | |||
A set of charge and discharge curves of a 180-ampere-hour cell is shown in Fig. 170. | |||
This battery is rated at 30 amperes for a period of six hours. The various cells | |||
have a weight efficiency of 11.5 to 13.2 watt-hours per pound, depending upon the size. | |||
The watt efficiency under normal working conditions is about 60 per cent. The charging | |||
and discharging rates are alike and cover wide ranges. A cell may be charged at | |||
a high rate in one hour, without apparent detriment except lowering the efficiency slightly. | |||
It is not appreciably influenced by temperature changes, and may be fully discharged | |||
to the zero-point of E.M.F., or even charged in the reverse direction, and then recharged | |||
to normal conditions without suffering loss in storage capacity or other injury. | |||
The best results are obtained when twice as many positive as negative plates are employed, | |||
and the standard cells are made up on this basis. This type is intended especially | |||
for electric automobile service, by virtue of its high weight efficiency, and ability | |||
to endure rough mechanical as well as electrical treatment. The same qualities would also | |||
adapt it to portable electric-lighting purposes. | |||
Electric Lighting (Crocker, 1904) | |||
http://books.google.com/books?id=FigKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA388 | |||
==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
Revision as of 22:54, 14 July 2011
Edison pioneered the invention and development of the nickel-iron battery in the early years of the 20th century.
Alkaline Battery 1906 (827279)
The patent drawing for Edison's 1906 Alkaline Battery (827279).
Storage Battery Electrode Plate 1906 (831269)
The patent drawings for Edison's 1906 storage battery electrode plates (831269).
Self-Heated Insulated Battery Box 1918 (1266780)
References
Marketing cut-away of an Edison battery http://bellsouthpwp.net/j/o/johngd/files/misc/Edison%20battery.jpg
Edison's Patent for Reversible Galvanic Battery - 1901 (678722) http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=aFpXAAAAEBAJ
Edison's Patent for Alkaline Battery - 1906 (827297) http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=TalkAAAAEBAJ
Edison's Patent for Storage-Battery Electrode-Plate - 1906 (831269) http://www.google.com/patents?id=21duAAAAEBAJ
Edison's Patent for Insulated Battery Box - 1918 (1266780) http://www.google.com/patents?id=ly5BAAAAEBAJ
The Edison Alkaline Storage Battery (1916) http://books.google.com/books?id=IKIgAAAAMAAJ
The Storage Battery: A practical treatise on the construction, theory, and use of secondary batteries (Treadwell, 1898) http://books.google.com/books?id=RDBPAAAAMAAJ
Electric Lighting (Crocker, 1904)
The book Electric Lighting written by Francis Crocker in 1904 contains a detailed description of the Edison battery as it had developed to that time.
The Edison Storage Battery
The standard cells of this type are 13 inches high, 5.1 inches wide, and vary in length according to their rating, the various capacities being obtained by simply increasing the number of plates. The positive and negative plates are alike in appearance, and consist of rectangular grids, of nickel-plated iron, each about 9 1/2 by 5 by .025 inch, punched with three rows of rectangular holes, eight holes to the row (Fig. 168); each hole being filled by a shallow perforated box of nickel-plated steel, the perforations being very fine, about 2,500 per square inch. The difference between the positive and negative plates is entirely in the contents of the perforated receptacles; those for the positive plate containing a mixture of oxide of nickel and pulverized carbon, the latter being employed to increase the conductivity of the active material. The receptacles for the negative plates contain a finely divided oxide of iron and pulverized carbon. When filled these receptacles are secured to the grid by placing them in the openings of the same, and subjecting the assembled plate to a pressure of about 100 tons, which expands the pockets and fixes them firmly in the grid, the assembled plates being shown in Fig. 169. The liquid employed consists of a 20 per cent solution of caustic potash, which undergoes no chemical change during the process of charge or discharge, acting simply as a conveyor of oxygen between the plates. The charging current, entering at the positive plates, oxidizes the nickel compound to the peroxide state, and reduces the iron compound in the negative plates to a spongy iron mass. The containing vessel consists of nickel-plated steel, and the plates are strong individually and close together, being separated by thin strips of vulcanized rubber, thus forming a compact mass. The terminals of the plate pass through the cover of the cell, from which they are insulated by vulcanized rubber bushings. The electrical features of the Edison cell are as follows:— Average voltage of charge at normal rate, 1.68. Average voltage of discharge at normal rate, 1.24. A set of charge and discharge curves of a 180-ampere-hour cell is shown in Fig. 170. This battery is rated at 30 amperes for a period of six hours. The various cells have a weight efficiency of 11.5 to 13.2 watt-hours per pound, depending upon the size. The watt efficiency under normal working conditions is about 60 per cent. The charging and discharging rates are alike and cover wide ranges. A cell may be charged at a high rate in one hour, without apparent detriment except lowering the efficiency slightly. It is not appreciably influenced by temperature changes, and may be fully discharged to the zero-point of E.M.F., or even charged in the reverse direction, and then recharged to normal conditions without suffering loss in storage capacity or other injury. The best results are obtained when twice as many positive as negative plates are employed, and the standard cells are made up on this basis. This type is intended especially for electric automobile service, by virtue of its high weight efficiency, and ability to endure rough mechanical as well as electrical treatment. The same qualities would also adapt it to portable electric-lighting purposes.
Electric Lighting (Crocker, 1904)
http://books.google.com/books?id=FigKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA388