3 vs 4 jaw lathe chucks
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from http://www.mini-lathe.com/Mini_lathe/Chucks/4_jaw/4-Jaw.htm#4-Jaw%20Chucks :
Benefits of a 3-jaw:
1. self-centering 2. can hold hex bar-stock 3. quick and easy to use.
Disadvantages of a 3-jaw:
1. can't hold square bar-stock 2. run-out/off-center can't be easily fixed 3. can't hold irregularly shaped work 4. can't turn off-center
Advantages of a 4-jaw:
1. work can be centered to high precision 2. can handle square/rectangular bar 3. can turn work off-center 4. slightly more grip on round stock
Disadvantages of a 4-jaw:
1. slower/fiddlier to mount work (dial-indicator required) 2. can't hold hex-stock