Material properties

The table below can be sorted and shows typical values for different material properties of various properties.

Category	Material name	Density (kg/m³)	Young’s modulus (GPa)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Yield strength (MPa)	Elongation at break (%)	Hardness	Fracture toughness (MPa√m)	Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)	Specific heat capacity (J/kg·K)	CTE (µm/m·K)	Melting point (°C)	Boiling point (°C)	Electrical conductivity (S/m)	Electrical resistivity (Ω·m)	Relative permittivity	Dielectric loss tangent	Magnetic permeability (µr)	Corrosion resistance	Chemical resistance	Flammability rating	Water absorption (%)	UV resistance	Surface roughness Ra (µm)	Emissivity	Recyclability	Typical manufacturing processes	Notes
Metal	Carbon steel	7850	200	550	300	20	HB 180	100	50	470	12	1450	2900	6000000	0.00000016	1	0.0001	100	Low	Moderate	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.7	High	Casting, forging, CNC	Magnetic
Metal	Stainless steel 304	8000	193	515	215	40	HB 170	200	16	500	17	1400	2800	1400000	0.00000072	1	0.0001	1	Excellent	Excellent	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.3	High	CNC, forming	Non-magnetic
Metal	Aluminum 6061	2700	69	310	275	12	HB 95	30	167	900	23	660	2470	35000000	2.80E-08	1.00E+00	0.0001	1	Good	Good	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.15	High	Extrusion, CNC	Lightweight
Metal	Zinc	7140	108	250	200	10	HB 82	25	116	390	30	420	907	17000000	5.90E-08	1.00E+00	0.0001	1	Good	Moderate	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.3	High	Die casting	Easy to machine
Metal	Copper	8960	110	220	70	45	HB 80	200	400	385	17	1085	2560	59000000	1.70E-08	1.00E+00	0.0001	1	Moderate	Moderate	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.05	High	Rolling, CNC	Excellent conductor
Plastic	ABS	1040	2.1	40	35	30	Shore D 75	2	0.18	1300	90	220	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	2.50E+00	0.01	1	Good	Good	HB	0.3	Poor	3.2	0.9	Moderate	Injection molding	Common housing plastic
Plastic	PLA	1240	3.5	60	55	6	Shore D 83	1.5	0.13	1800	70	170	0	1.00E-15	1.00E+15	3.00E+00	0.02	1	Moderate	Moderate	HB	0.4	Poor	3.2	0.95	High	3D printing	Bioplastic
Plastic	PETG	1270	2	50	45	20	Shore D 75	2.5	0.2	1200	65	230	0	1.00E-15	1.00E+15	2.40E+00	0.015	1	Good	Good	HB	0.2	Moderate	3.2	0.9	High	3D printing	Tough
Plastic	Nylon 6	1140	2.8	75	65	60	Shore D 80	4	0.25	1700	80	220	0	1.00E-15	1.00E+12	3.50E+00	0.02	1	Good	Good	HB	1.5	Moderate	3.2	0.9	High	Injection molding	Hygroscopic
Plastic	PTFE	2200	0.5	21	18	300	Shore D 55	5	0.25	1000	120	327	0	1.00E-18	1.00E+18	2.10E+00	0.0002	1	Excellent	Excellent	V-0	0.01	Excellent	3.2	0.95	Low	Machining	RF-friendly
Composite	FR-4	1850	22	415	340	2	-	0.3	1100	14	0	0	1.00E-12	1.00E+12	4.50E+00	2.00E-02	1	Good	Good	V-0	0.1	Good	1.6	0.9	Low	Lamination	PCB substrate	PCB substrate
Composite	CFRP (epoxy)	1600	70	800	600	1.5	-	5	900	2	0	0	0.000001	1000000	3.00E+00	1.00E-02	1	Excellent	Excellent	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.85	Low	Layup	Anisotropic	Anisotropic
Wood	Birch plywood	700	10	30	25	1	-	0.13	1700	5	0	0	1.00E-10	10000000000	2.50E+00	5.00E-02	1	Moderate	Poor	Combustible	10	Moderate	6.3	0.85	High	CNC cutting	Anisotropic	Anisotropic
Ceramic	Alumina (Al竄０竄・	3900	380	300	300	0.1	HV 1500	4	30	880	8	2070	0	1.00E-12	1.00E+12	9.80E+00	0.0001	1	Excellent	Excellent	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	0.4	0.8	Low	Sintering	Brittle
Elastomer	Silicone rubber	1100	0.01	8	7	150	Shore A 50	1	0.2	1500	300	0	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	2.80E+00	0.02	1	Excellent	Excellent	V-0	0.5	Excellent	6.3	0.95	Low	Molding	Flexible
Metal	Titanium Ti-6Al-4V	4430	114	1000	900	12	HB 334	60	7	560	8.6	1650	3287	580000	1.70E-06	1.00E+00	0	1	Excellent	Good	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.3	High	CNC forging	Alpha-beta alloy
Metal	Brass	8510	105	411	253	29	HB 81	40	85	379	20	930	2200	12200000	8.00E-08	1.00E+00	0	1	Moderate	Moderate	Non-flammable	0	Good	1.6	0.3	High	Casting rolling	CuZn alloy
Metal	Bronze	8750	95	470	200	20	HB 100	20	50	400	18	950	2300	7000000	0.00000014	1	0	1	Excellent	Good	Non-flammable	0	Good	1.6	0.3	High	Casting	CuSn alloy
Metal	Magnesium AZ31	1770	45	255	150	9	HB 73	15	96	1000	26	630	1090	18000000	0.000000055	1	0	1	Good	Moderate	Flammable	0	Good	1.6	0.1	High	Extrusion	Lightweight alloy
Metal	Tungsten	19250	411	2800	1500	0	HV 3430	135	170	132	4.5	3422	5555	20000000	0.00000005	1	0	1	Excellent	Excellent	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	1.6	0.3	High	Sintering	High density
Plastic	PVC	1300	2.8	50	40	50	Shore D 75	2	0.15	1000	70	200	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	3.5	0.01	1	Good	Good	HB	0.2	Poor	3.2	0.9	High	Extrusion injection	Vinyl polymer
Plastic	Polypropylene	900	1.4	30	25	500	Shore D 70	3	0.2	1700	100	160	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	2.2	0.0007	1	Good	Good	HB	0.05	Moderate	3.2	0.9	High	Injection molding	PP
Plastic	Polycarbonate	1200	2.3	65	60	90	Shore D 85	7	0.2	1500	70	150	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	2.9	0.001	1	Good	Good	V-2	0.3	Good	3.2	0.9	High	Injection molding	PC transparent
Plastic	HDPE	950	1	30	20	500	Shore D 60	3	0.4	1900	120	130	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	2.3	0.0005	1	Excellent	Excellent	HB	0.01	Good	3.2	0.9	High	Extrusion	High density PE
Plastic	PMMA Acrylic	1190	3.2	72	70	8	Shore D 90	3	0.2	1400	90	160	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	3	0.005	1	Good	Moderate	HB	0.3	Poor	3.2	0.9	High	Casting extrusion	Transparent
Plastic	PEEK	1320	3.7	95	80	30	Shore D 85	7	0.25	1340	30	340	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	3.2	0.003	1	Excellent	Excellent	V-0	0.1	Good	1.6	0.9	Low	Injection molding	High temp plastic
Composite	GFRP	1800	25	500	400	3	-	1	-	1000	20	0	0	1.00E-12	1.00E+12	4	0.01	1	Excellent	Excellent	Non-flammable	0.1	Good	1.6	0.85	Low	Layup molding	Glass fiber epoxy
Wood	Oak	750	12	50	40	2	-	0.15	-	1700	5	0	0	1.00E-10	10000000000	2.5	0.05	1	Moderate	Poor	Combustible	8	Moderate	6.3	0.85	High	CNC cutting	Hardwood
Wood	Pine	500	9	40	30	2	-	0.13	-	1700	5	0	0	1.00E-10	10000000000	2.5	0.05	1	Moderate	Poor	Combustible	10	Moderate	6.3	0.85	High	CNC cutting	Softwood
Ceramic	Zirconia	5900	200	500	500	0	HV 1300	10	2	500	10	2700	0	1.00E-12	1.00E+12	9	0.001	1	Excellent	Excellent	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	0.4	0.8	Low	Sintering	Brittle
Ceramic	Silicon carbide	3100	410	500	500	0	HV 2800	4	120	700	4	2700	0	1.00E-12	1.00E+12	9	0.001	1	Excellent	Excellent	Non-flammable	0	Excellent	0.4	0.8	Low	Sintering	Hard
Elastomer	Natural rubber	920	0.02	25	20	700	Shore A 50	3	0.13	2000	80	0	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	3	0.02	1	Good	Good	HB	3	Poor	6.3	0.95	Moderate	Molding	Natural polymer
Elastomer	Neoprene	1250	0.01	20	15	200	Shore A 60	2	0.11	1500	100	0	0	1.00E-14	1.00E+14	3	0.02	1	Good	Good	V-0	0.5	Good	6.3	0.95	Moderate	Molding	Synthetic rubber