Standards and Testing Apparatus’s Related to Fuels
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Basics
- This page aims to lay out the various Standard, and Testing Apparatus’s for said standards, related to Fuel and Fuel-Related Products (such as Fire Starters, Energetics, etc)
- In particular, attention will be payed to means to quantify Oxidative Stability / Anti-Oxidant Potential (Redox Potential) , Metal Inhibitor Ability, Gum Formation / Biofouling ( Diesel Bug ), Sludge Formation / Time Until that Happens etc rather than more concrete/obvious things such as Octane / Cetane etc
Related Standards/Testing Protocols
- MIL-STD-810
- In particular Thermal Cycling:
- Test Method 501.7 High Temperature
- Test Method 502.7 Low Temperature
- Test Method 503.7 Temperature Shock
- Test Method 504.3 Contamination by Fluids
- Test Method 505.7 Solar Radiation (Sunshine)
- Test Method 520.5 Combined Environments
- Test Method 521.4 Icing/Freezing Rain
- Test Method 523.4 Vibro-Acoustic/Temperature
- Test Method 524.1 Freeze / Thaw
- Shock/Vibration may be useful (mainly package / bottle integrity though, rather than fuel (mixtures) themself)
- Energetic (Firestarters) Should also be tested for sensitivity
- AOP-4240 FAST HEATING MUNITION TEST PROCEDURES
- Seems to test exposure to a pool of burning fuel etc
- Overkill, but may be neat for Crash-Hardiness / Storage in an area where such a fire could occur
- Seems to test exposure to a pool of burning fuel etc
- In particular Thermal Cycling:
In Relation to Match/Firestarter/Lighter Development
- Main Goals Are:
- If Put in a Hot Car:
- It will not melt, or when melted it’s properties aren’t impacted once cooled back down
- Quantifying Impact of Thermal Cycles for Shelf Life Prediction would be of use
- Ie “Proper Storage Shelf Life” vs “Left Outside/In a Hot Car Shelf Life” (With the estimate being longer and shorter respectively)
- It will not leak/burst
- At HIGH temperatures, some venting may be permissible, albeit sub optimal and should be avoided
- It will not Ignite and/or Explode
- If Frozen:
- It’s properties will not be altered, especially if brought back to temperature before use
- It will not burst
- If exposed to humidity/condensation:
- It will adsorb little, if any moisture (especially at least while in it’s proper container)
- Impact of Humidity/Moisture on Shelf Life being quantified would be of use
- If Exposed to Low Pressure (such as unpressurized cargo holds on aircraft)
- It will not burst
- It’s properties will not significantly change (at least if kept in the container)
- Reasonably insensitive to shock/esd, and durability of containers to sub optimal shipment etc
- If Put in a Hot Car:
In Relation to Fuel Storage
- How much Oxidative Stress Can/Should a Fuel Resit (+ Application of that Info to Shelf Life Estimation)
- Impact of Moisture Contamination
- Impact of Ambient Humidity
- Impact of Thermal Cycling
- Coking Behavior (in particular in Fuel Preheaters , Vapor Generators (in Pressure Lanterns , Liquid Fuel Stoves , and Heaters) , Around Heating Coils in tanks, in valves/exhaust pipework, in Fuel Regenerators for SOFCs etc
- Evaporation in Vented Tanks at Operating Conditions/ Estimates of Evaporative Losses + Evaporative Emissions
- Ability of Metal Inhibitors to make up for exposed metal / failed coatings in tanks + means to quantify it being “burnt up” in a tank etc
- Changes in Fuel Properties/Composition after Prolonged Storage and/pr Evaporative Losses
- Tendency of Fuel Gas Blends to Fractional Distill when used in cold environments (In particular, Butane-Propane Blends
- Tendency of Odorants in Fuel Gas to fade over time (means pf predicting this + for Sulfur Merpectan in (Odorized) Propane , means of reducing separation (such as occasional tank agitation procedures)
- Impact of Vibration/Shock on Fuels, in particular Gasoline (akin to shaking a Carbonated Drink, does it impact dissolved butane + volatiles?)
In Regards to Gas Generators
- Mainly relevant to Airbags although to a lesser extent Emergency Start Systems etc
- Mainly Estimates of Shelf Life for Replacement Intervals