Hot Water

• Pain threshold for a human is 106F [1]
• If water is 60F year round from a supply - does 39F rise (see Tankless Electric Water Heater) suffice?
  • 60+39= 99F.
• Average shower temp is 105F [2]
  • This article says that 99F is better, so you potentially avoid eczema
• It appears that 120F water is a relic of long piping - the hotter the temp the quicker your water will get warm. But for on-demand, lower temperatures appear to be better.
• Thus - minimize piping length to point of use. [[Seed Eco-Home specification is keeping heater distance to within 4' of point of use.
• Tap water is 40-70F if coming from a well - depending on USA location - [3]. Varies for surface water.
• Ground temperature varies significantly with seasons, unless you are 30' deep. [4]
• Earth temperature is constant 30' below surface - this is called the mean earth temp. [5].
• Earth temp varies significantly with seasons - to full seasonal variation - at surface. [6], Thus, water pipes, at 3' or so below, show large variation of seasonal temperature.
• Human body is 98-100F. Anything higher than body temp feels warm.. No, it's about the temperature of the skin - which is around 32C (90F). Thus, the absolute minimum shower temp must be 90F for it not to be uncomfortable. [7]. From [8]
• If 90 is minimum acceptable, then minimum ground temperature of water must be 51F.
• this can be alleviated with a tank kept at room temperature inside the house.
• Design around Bricor 0.625 gpm shower head. [9]
• Assume house temp is 68-78F [10]
• Winter is 68.
• 0.32 gpm flow from a 1.8 kw heater which produces 39F temp rise - gets us from 68 to 107F.