PV Panels: Difference between revisions
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=How is Silicon Produced= | =How is Silicon Produced= | ||
*Carbothermal reduction - Si02 is heated with Carbon (charcoal) in an arc furnace to produce metallurgical grade (impure) silicon | |||
*This silicon can be drawn into a round billet from a melt | |||
*Metallurgical grade silicon is purified to solar grade silicon (not as pure as semiconductor grade) by zone refining in vaccuum [https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1876610212007412/1-s2.0-S1876610212007412-main.pdf?_tid=c157d8fe-104c-11e8-ba08-00000aacb35e&acdnat=1518478428_fcd7e1cc94c844aed22722e0b5859c2c] | |||
:*This is an induction heater traveling up a billet of silicon | |||
:*Vaccuum sucks out light impurities | |||
:*Heavy impurities are travel up the melt zone as melt zone travels up the billet | |||
=Phosphorus= | =Phosphorus= | ||
*Phosphine - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine#Preparation_and_occurrence] - dopant. 40 l cylinder - $700 - [https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Alibaba-Wholesale-price-7803-51-2_60704351130.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.98.65c9275dvJn2iS] | *Phosphine - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine#Preparation_and_occurrence] - dopant. 40 l cylinder - $700 - [https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Alibaba-Wholesale-price-7803-51-2_60704351130.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.98.65c9275dvJn2iS]. 0.2 ppm is required for doping PV. [https://www.google.com/search?q=concentration+of+boron+dopant+in+pv&oq=concentration+of+boron+dopant+in+pv&aqs=chrome..69i57.7588j0j7&client=ubuntu&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8] | ||
:*If a PV panel, 285W, weighs 19 kg and maybe 1.5 kg silicon - [https://sustainability.stackexchange.com/questions/5226/what-is-the-amount-of-silicon-in-a-1kw-panel] - then .2 ppm -> then 0.3 mg of phosphine per panel. If a bottle of phosphine contains 10 kg phosphine, then one bottle is sufficient for - 30,000,000 panels! Thus, phosphine costs per panel are negligible - 0.002 cent per panel. This may be reduced for inefficiency of diffusion - but still likely to be way under 1 cent per panel. | |||
*$5/lb - [https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/HOT-selling-coated-red-phosphorus-power_60647447315.html?spm=a2700.7724857/A.main07.7.145f57e1N0qW4K&s=p] | *$5/lb - [https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/HOT-selling-coated-red-phosphorus-power_60647447315.html?spm=a2700.7724857/A.main07.7.145f57e1N0qW4K&s=p] | ||
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*$500/kg - [https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/High-purity-99-999-metal-B_1125504514.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.9.ccfdd3987VVLIx&s=p] | *$500/kg - [https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/High-purity-99-999-metal-B_1125504514.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.9.ccfdd3987VVLIx&s=p] | ||
*[[Borax]] - 25 cents/lb | *[[Borax]] - 25 cents/lb | ||
=Sourcing= | |||
*Wanxiang 230 Watt 60 Cells Poly Silver Frame UL. 16 of these would be 3680W. [https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/sunelec/FMfcgzGkZtClCCqzKmCJLpQlWLtHcvCQ?projector=1&messagePartId=0.1]. Company - [https://www.wanxiang.com/universalsolar_US.pdf]. Panel specs - [https://www.enfsolar.com/pv/panel-datasheet/crystalline/39433?utm_source=ENF&utm_medium=panel_more_series&utm_campaign=enquiry_product_directory&utm_content=100331]. The site shows panels as low as 20 cents. Is there a USA source at similar cost? | |||
**$14720 for 200 | |||
=Materials Cost= | |||
Latest revision as of 18:32, 9 December 2024
How They are Made
How is Silicon Produced
- Carbothermal reduction - Si02 is heated with Carbon (charcoal) in an arc furnace to produce metallurgical grade (impure) silicon
- This silicon can be drawn into a round billet from a melt
- Metallurgical grade silicon is purified to solar grade silicon (not as pure as semiconductor grade) by zone refining in vaccuum [1]
- This is an induction heater traveling up a billet of silicon
- Vaccuum sucks out light impurities
- Heavy impurities are travel up the melt zone as melt zone travels up the billet
Phosphorus
- If a PV panel, 285W, weighs 19 kg and maybe 1.5 kg silicon - [5] - then .2 ppm -> then 0.3 mg of phosphine per panel. If a bottle of phosphine contains 10 kg phosphine, then one bottle is sufficient for - 30,000,000 panels! Thus, phosphine costs per panel are negligible - 0.002 cent per panel. This may be reduced for inefficiency of diffusion - but still likely to be way under 1 cent per panel.
- $5/lb - [6]
Boron
Sourcing
- Wanxiang 230 Watt 60 Cells Poly Silver Frame UL. 16 of these would be 3680W. [10]. Company - [11]. Panel specs - [12]. The site shows panels as low as 20 cents. Is there a USA source at similar cost?
- $14720 for 200