Jerusalem Artichoke

Jerusalem Artichokes: This “weed” looks like a bumpy potato and is related to the sunflower (the energy goes to the root more than the seeds in this case). They produce terrific amount of flatulence for most consumers. (They are composed of an indigestible inulin; this side effect can be remedied by (a.) harvesting in the spring–the cold of winter helps convert the inulin into a more digestible form. (b.) cooking with ginger or other “digesting-aid” herbs (c.) cooking them well– i.e. if you have a delicate digestive track, do not eat them raw!). Despite its rustic nature, it turns out to be a very valuable crop.

Jerusalem Artichokes are not artichokes at all but rather a type of sunflower. They grow carbohydrate-rich roots and are therefore very interesting as a crop for bioenergy (ethanol, i.e. Fuel Alcohol) and as fodder.

The name is a misnomer that apparently happened because of the name "girasole" (ital. = sunflower). Synonyms include "sunchokes" (US), sunroot and topinambur.

Medicinal

Quoting from OSE blog (see link below): "They produce terrific amount of flatulence for most consumers." This is because of the large amounts of inulin which is not digestible by humans. However, this may be a temporary effect on the intestinal microbiome. After some time of continued inulin ingestion, inulin-metabolizing bacteria proliferate (e.g. lactobacilli, firmicutes, etc.) and so the microbiome adapts. This is also referred to as the "bifidogenic effect".

Excalibur Drying Jerusalem Artichokes

Lacto-Fermentation

Because of these "issues" relating to high inulin content, lacto-fermentation has been tried, and apparently can reduce this effect and enhance the nutritional value. Here are some reports.

• http://www.5acresandadream.com/2014/02/lacto-fermented-jerusalem-artichokes.html
• http://foodpreservation.about.com/od/LactoFermentation/r/Fermented-Sunchokes-Recipe.htm
• http://agardenerstable.com/2014/02/24/taking-the-wind-out-of-jerusalem-artichokes/
• https://youtu.be/8mYSt301TyA

Animal Feed Supplement

Inulin is a potentially very useful dietary adjunct ("prebiotic") for farm animals to try to influence their intestinal microflora. Please see this open-access paper for more information.

Uses

• Alcohol can be a gas! (tubers)
• food and fodder (tubers)
• Medicinal (tubers, see above)
• silage (green parts)
• ornamental (flowers)

Links

• OSE Blog March 2008: The Value of Jerusalem Artichokes
• OSE Blog May 2008: On Biofuels
• Wikipedia: Jerusalem Artichoke
• "Yield 8 Pounds of Edible Sunchoke Tubers from a 3 Gallon Nursery Pot" (Youtube video)