Coal Upgrading: Difference between revisions

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=Basics=
yeah eric, how does it feel to loose work !?
*A Process by which Lower Grade Coals are "Upgraded" to a Product Functionally Identical to Higher Grade Coals
*Can be done via washing, drying/pyrolysis, and briquetting/pelletising
*The main goal is to reduce [[Ash Content]] and increase the [[Heating Value]]
*Due to [[Fossil Fuels]] obviously not being part of OSE's Strategy, this page is intended as a place to have information on this technolgy placed for reference in developing the [[Charcoal Fuels Workflow]] especially in regards to [[Ultra Pure Charcoal Fuel]]
 
=Methods=
==Washing==
*[https://eureka.patsnap.com/patent-CN112662446A A Patent Titled "Process for preparing ultra-pure coal by using acid-alkali method" ] (Seems to be lab scale though?  Odd and some potential translation issues, but interesting nonetheless)
*[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222836537_The_production_of_ultra_clean_coal_by_chemical_demineralisation A 2001 Study Titled "The production of ultra clean coal by chemical demineralisation" ] (Uses [[Nitric Acid]] ...after Aqueous '''[[Hydrofluoric Acid]]''' So nasty stuff, did get from sh content of approximately 7.9% by weight and a sulphur content of 2.6% by weight to an ash content of 0.6%  and Sulfur Content of 1.4%
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378382011001810 A 2020 Study Titled "Ultra clean coal production by microwave irradiation pretreatment and sequential leaching with HF followed by HNO3" ] (Initial ash contents from two sites of 8.31% and 10.36%, respectively to 0.39% and 0.69%)
**Quote:
***"[[Ultra Clean Coal]] (UCC) is defined as a coal that is washed using conventional methods, ground into fine particles, and then chemically treated to remove ash so that the final ash content of the coal is less than 1%. UCC has various potential uses, such as serving as the carbon source for the silicon smelting industry [2]; replacing oil for the production of aromatic chemicals and materials [2]; producing a coal slurry fuel that can be used to replace oil combustion in diesel engines [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]; producing activated carbon used in filters for water and air purification; producing carbon fiber that is an extremely strong reinforcement material used in construction [8]; fabricating carbon anodes to replace petroleum coke [2]; and serving as the fuel for advanced power generation technologies, such as direct firing in gas turbines [9]."
*[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15567036.2023.2268563 A 2023 Study Titled "Study on preparation of ultra-clean coal from bituminous coal using the ionic liquid extraction" ]
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378382011002153 A 2011 Study Titled "Generation of ultra-clean coal from Victorian brown coal — Sequential and single leaching at room temperature to elucidate the elution of individual inorganic elements" ]
*[https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/10/12/2736 A 2022 Study Titled "Production of Ultra-Clean Coal by the Combined Method of Grinding and Collector Gasification Flotation" ]
**Interesting terms that lead to other rabbit holes:
***"[[Collector Gasification Flotation Method]]" (Essentially adapting [[Froth Flotation]] to Coal Upgrading with various Solvents and [[Wetting Agents]] )
***In digging i found the term [[coal gasification fine slag]] from [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016236122014065 This 2022 Paper Titled "Study on the mechanism of flotation of coal gasification fine slag reinforced with naphthenic acids"]
*[https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4427419 A 2023 Study Titled "Study on Preparation of Ultra-Clean Coal Based on Ionic Liquid" ]
*[https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/14/ A 2014 Study Titled "ULTRA CLEAN COAL PRODUCTION USING DENSE MEDIUM SEPARATION FOR THE SILICON MARKET" ]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44132137 A 2015 Study Titled "COAL PREPARATION TECHNOLOGY: STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA" ]
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110062119300467 A 2019 Open Access Paper from “The Egyptian Journal of Petroleum” Titled “ Desulfurization of high sulfur petroleum coke by molten caustic leaching” ]
**Supposedly some of the sulfur in [[Petcoke]] can be a bit stubborn to remove due to it being bound to molecules in the tar in the coke, so either rounds of leaching/washing are needed, or high temperature Calcining / Steam Stripping
**This took an odd sounding route, but was supposedly a bit in between the two in terms of efficiency so may be economical
**A bath of molten [[Sodium Hydroxide]] or [[Potassium Hydroxide]] is made and petcoke is fed through it
**Experiment may need to be more thorough to get clear guidance for parameters, but the process does work
**May potentially increase ash content, but a followup study with more rigid protocol / integration with other procedures may clear this up
 
==[[Briquetting]] / [[Pelletization]]==
*[https://www.miningreview.com/top-stories/coal-fines-waste-pelletising-technology-launched/ An Article by "Mining Review" Titled "Coal fines waste pelletising technology launched" ]
*[https://www.acanmachine.com/briquetting/carbon-black-briquetting A Product Page by ACAN on their [[Carbon Black]] Briquetting Technology Titled "BRIQUETTE MAKING OF CARBON BLACK FROM PYROLYSIS PROCESS OF SCRAP TYRE" ]
*[https://patents.google.com/patent/US5916826A/en Patent US5916826A - 1997 Patent Titled "Pelletizing and briquetting of coal fines using binders produced by liquefaction of biomass" (Expired Already) ]
*[https://im-mining.com/2017/02/07/coaltech-completes-first-economically-viable-industrial-plant-using-coal-pelletising-technology/ A 2017 International Mining Article Titled "CoalTech completes its first economically viable industrial plant using coal pelletising technology" ]
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S102691851830026X A 2018 Paper Titled "Value addition of coal fines and sawdust to briquettes using molasses as a binder" ] (Under a [[Creative Commons License]] so that's neat
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165237020307841 A 2020 Paper Titled "Influence of briquetting on thermal behavior of bituminous coal oxidized during storage" ]
 
=Internal Links=
*[[Ultra Pure Charcoal Fuel]]
 
=External Links=
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refined_coal The Wikipedia Page on Refined Coal]
*This [https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/10/12/2736 2022 Study Titled "Production of Ultra-Clean Coal by the Combined Method of Grinding and Collector Gasification Flotation" ] as far as i have dug upo so far is one of the most recent papers, and thus has a decent coverage of the [[State of the Art]] / [[TRL]] of the methods in it's Abstract and Introduction sections (with all the [[Et Al]] s)
*[https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=51605 A 2014 Study Titled "The Technical Analysis on Upgrade and Coupling of Low-Quality Coal" ]
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378382016307226 A 2016 Study Featured in Volume 158 of "Fuel Processing Technology" Titled "A Review on Chemical Upgrading of Coal: Production Processes, Potential Applications and Recent Developments" ]
*[https://www.sustainable-carbon.org/report/coal-upgrading-to-reduce-co2-emissions-ccc-67/ A 2002 Report Titled "COAL UPGRADING TO REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS" ]
*[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/620/1/012130/pdf A 2020 Study Titled "A study of coal upgrading in briquette making based on briquette characteristics using heated mechanical methods"]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Significance-of-Ultra-pure-Coal-preparation-and-of-Cui-ping/61d51ddd7841df87aa41140a677bc53b2b3fd739 A 2004 Article Titled "Significance of Ultra-pure Coal preparation and Brief Introduction of preparation method" ]
 
[[Category: Bio-Petrochemistry]] [[Category: Biofuel]] [[Category: Energy]] [[Category: Pollution]]

Revision as of 20:01, 19 February 2025

yeah eric, how does it feel to loose work !?

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