Steam Engine Reviews/Piston Head Stress: Difference between revisions
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The following review is provided by Mike Bastel. | The following review is provided by Mike Bastel. | ||
Stress Calculations | Stress Calculations<br> | ||
OSE Steam engine | OSE Steam engine<br> | ||
Piston bolt | Piston bolt<br> | ||
calculation in metric | calculation in metric for bending piston force: F = A * p<br> | ||
for bending | A = 3,75” * 3,75” * 0,785 = 11,04 sq.inch = 71,2 cm² = 7120 mm²<br> | ||
piston force: F = A * p | p = 250 psi = 250 lbs / (25,4 * 25,4) = 0,387 lbs / mm² = 1,76 N / mm² <br> | ||
A = 3,75” * 3,75” * 0,785 = 11,04 sq.inch = 71,2 cm² = 7120 mm² | |||
p = 250 psi = 250 lbs / (25,4 * 25,4) = 0,387 lbs / mm² = 1,76 N / mm² | |||
--> F = 7120 mm² * 1,76 N/mm² = 12531 N | |||
assumed loose fit of the bolt in both parts | assumed loose fit of the bolt in both parts | ||
Mmax = F * (l + 2 * s) / 8 = 12531 N * (0,3” + 2* 0,1”) / 8 | Mmax = F * (l + 2 * s) / 8 = 12531 N * (0,3” + 2* 0,1”) / 8 <br> | ||
= 12531 N * 12,7 mm / 8 = 19893 Nmm | = 12531 N * 12,7 mm / 8 = 19893 Nmm | ||
σ = M / W = M / 0,1 / d³ = 19893 / 0,1 / 6,35³ = 777 N / mm² | σ = M / W = M / 0,1 / d³ = 19893 / 0,1 / 6,35³ = 777 N / mm² | ||
for mild steel St 37-2 allowable σ : 330 N/mm² STATIC | for mild steel St 37-2 allowable σ : 330 N/mm² STATIC<br> | ||
for tempered high grade steel 30 CrNiMo 8 allowable σ: 1440 N / mm² STATIC | for tempered high grade steel 30 CrNiMo 8 allowable σ: 1440 N / mm² STATIC<br> | ||
only very high grade steel tempered will work, if just calculating static load | only very high grade steel tempered will work, if just calculating static load | ||
Dynamic calculation | Dynamic calculation<br> | ||
σzul = σD * b1 * b2 / βk / ν | σzul = σD * b1 * b2 / βk / ν<br> | ||
b1 : 0,88 for St 37-2 ( fine finished surface Ra 6,3) | b1 : 0,88 for St 37-2 ( fine finished surface Ra 6,3)<br> | ||
b1 : 0,72 for 30CrNiMo 8 | b1 : 0,72 for 30CrNiMo 8 <br> | ||
b2 : 1 (diameter below 10 mm) | b2 : 1 (diameter below 10 mm)<br> | ||
βk : 1,3 for St37-2; 1,4 for 30CrNiMo8 | βk : 1,3 for St37-2; 1,4 for 30CrNiMo8<br> | ||
ν : 1,5 average value | ν : 1,5 average value<br> | ||
σDSch = 290 N/mm² for St37-2; σDSch = 1070 N/mm² for 30CrNiMo8 | σDSch = 290 N/mm² for St37-2; σDSch = 1070 N/mm² for 30CrNiMo8 | ||
--> for St37-2: σzul = 131 N/mm²<br> | |||
--> for 30CrNiMo 8 σzul = 367 N/mm² | |||
no steel will stand 777N/mm² longtime (fatigue) | no steel will stand 777N/mm² longtime (fatigue) | ||
Calculating area pressure | Calculating area pressure<br> | ||
Aproj = d * l = 6,35mm * 7,62mm = 48,4mm² in stem | Aproj = d * l = 6,35mm * 7,62mm = 48,4mm² in stem<br> | ||
p = 12531N / 48,4mm² = 259 N/mm² in stem fit | p = 12531N / 48,4mm² = 259 N/mm² in stem fit<br> | ||
Aproj = d * s * 2 = 6,35 mm * 5,04mm = 32mm² rod connector | Aproj = d * s * 2 = 6,35 mm * 5,04mm = 32mm² rod connector<br> | ||
p = 12531 / 32mm² = 392 N/mm² in fit to rod connector | p = 12531 / 32mm² = 392 N/mm² in fit to rod connector | ||
tolerable pressure for non-sliding surfaces, mild steel, dynamic load: 75N/mm² | tolerable pressure for non-sliding surfaces, mild steel, dynamic load: 75N/mm²<br> | ||
tolerable pressure for non-sliding surfaces,high grade steel, dynamic load: 150N/mm² | tolerable pressure for non-sliding surfaces,high grade steel, dynamic load: 150N/mm² | ||
tolerable pressure for sliding surfaces, mild steel on steel: none. high rate of wear !!! | tolerable pressure for sliding surfaces, mild steel on steel: none. high rate of wear !!!<br> | ||
tolerable pressure for sliding surfaces, steel on bronze: 25 N/mm² | tolerable pressure for sliding surfaces, steel on bronze: 25 N/mm² | ||
Revision as of 12:14, 19 August 2011
The following review is provided by Mike Bastel.
Stress Calculations
OSE Steam engine
Piston bolt
calculation in metric for bending piston force: F = A * p
A = 3,75” * 3,75” * 0,785 = 11,04 sq.inch = 71,2 cm² = 7120 mm²
p = 250 psi = 250 lbs / (25,4 * 25,4) = 0,387 lbs / mm² = 1,76 N / mm²
--> F = 7120 mm² * 1,76 N/mm² = 12531 N
assumed loose fit of the bolt in both parts
Mmax = F * (l + 2 * s) / 8 = 12531 N * (0,3” + 2* 0,1”) / 8
= 12531 N * 12,7 mm / 8 = 19893 Nmm
σ = M / W = M / 0,1 / d³ = 19893 / 0,1 / 6,35³ = 777 N / mm²
for mild steel St 37-2 allowable σ : 330 N/mm² STATIC
for tempered high grade steel 30 CrNiMo 8 allowable σ: 1440 N / mm² STATIC
only very high grade steel tempered will work, if just calculating static load
Dynamic calculation
σzul = σD * b1 * b2 / βk / ν
b1 : 0,88 for St 37-2 ( fine finished surface Ra 6,3)
b1 : 0,72 for 30CrNiMo 8
b2 : 1 (diameter below 10 mm)
βk : 1,3 for St37-2; 1,4 for 30CrNiMo8
ν : 1,5 average value
σDSch = 290 N/mm² for St37-2; σDSch = 1070 N/mm² for 30CrNiMo8
--> for St37-2: σzul = 131 N/mm²
--> for 30CrNiMo 8 σzul = 367 N/mm²
no steel will stand 777N/mm² longtime (fatigue)
Calculating area pressure
Aproj = d * l = 6,35mm * 7,62mm = 48,4mm² in stem
p = 12531N / 48,4mm² = 259 N/mm² in stem fit
Aproj = d * s * 2 = 6,35 mm * 5,04mm = 32mm² rod connector
p = 12531 / 32mm² = 392 N/mm² in fit to rod connector
tolerable pressure for non-sliding surfaces, mild steel, dynamic load: 75N/mm²
tolerable pressure for non-sliding surfaces,high grade steel, dynamic load: 150N/mm²
tolerable pressure for sliding surfaces, mild steel on steel: none. high rate of wear !!!
tolerable pressure for sliding surfaces, steel on bronze: 25 N/mm²