Scarcity-Based Business Models

Economics that are based on limiting competitors' access to information, knowhow, best practice, etc.

This may be implemented by:

1. Patents
2. Trade secrets
3. Non-disclosure agreements
4. Business models that rely on, assume, or enforce scarcity of essentially non-scarce resources
5. R&D departments of companies that do not collaborate with any other R&D departments of other related companies
6. Not publishing any knowhow, development, or process information so that outsiders cannot examine or inspect work being done. This is just working in isolation.

Competitive Waste is an essential feature of scarcity economics