Short List

GHT - garden hose, used also in fire hose [1]. Same threads per inch as NPT, but not tapered.
NPSM - National Pipe - Straight Mechanical - closure attained by 30 degree compression fit with a swivel - [2]. Only NPT with chamfer will seal properly with NPSM - other NPT threads may not seal.
NPT - National Pipe - tapered
R, G - [3]
BSPP - British Pipe thread parallel
BSPT - British Pipe thread tapered
Bolt thread - fine and course
Metric bolt - fine and course
Metric pipe straight
Metric pipe parallel
UN - [4]
SAE - with o-rings

Long List

Probably hundreds exist all together.