Basics

Part of Design for X / a subset of Design for Safety etc
Essentially rather than assume the battery will not catch fire, assume that it will and design accordingly
- Largely Passive Fire Protection systems etc
GRANTED one can also include the preventative aspects of
- Battery Management System + Battery State of Health Calculation/Logging
- Recordkeeping on Batch Numbers, Recalls and whatnot
- Battery Thermal Management Systems / Battery Temperature Probes
- Design for Inspection / Design for Disassembly
Finally Design for Firefighting (especially in terms of EV Charging Stations and BESS

Aspects

The mixture of burning electronics, and the materials in the individual cells makes some NASTY fumes
For portable/smaller devices not much else may be done short of an intentional vent (akin to how in Automobile Fires , Autogas / CNG tanks are designed to vent a flame upwards in a controlled manner
- Also not entirely disimilar from “blowoff panels” in Non-Russian Tank Ammunition Magazines
Having some sort of Filtration akin to “Cockcroft's Folly” may be neat (Although there isn’t the risk of radioactivity in this case, just nasties in burnt battery/electronics)

Lithium Ion Battery Fires / EV Fires are an emerging type of fire that hasn’t been figured out exactly yey
The YouTube Channel “StacheDTraining” has several videos on the topic
A Video by the YouTube Channel “StacheDTraining” Titled “What Firefighting Tools for Extinguishing Electric Vehicle Fires Really Work?” ( ‘’’~6 Minute Watch’’’ )
- TLDW: As of that video’s release, none
- Most Battery “Skateboards” are too sealed up for water / AFFF to penetrate+do it’s thing (also hard to smother as they can burn on their own to an extent
- Class D Fire Extinguishers only work on pure metal fires such as a pile of Magnesium Shavings etc
- Fire Blankets MAY help contain the fire/gas, but combustible/explosive gas buildup becomes an issue
- Penetrating Nozzles MAY work, but due to the lack of a commom (regulated) point akin to a Jack Point etc it is unclear if it will work on the first “go”. Also any UNHARMED batteries could be triggered by this device
  - One of the more promising designs though
  - In terms of Design for Firefighting having a “stab here if on fire” placard and/or distribute (open source) training materials on this may be a way of addressing this issue.