Ethnocentrism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocentrism#Origins_and_development
Coined by Gumplowicz, a Polish sociologist in the late 19th century. He smashed ethnocentrism like Copernicus smashed geocentrism a few centuries earlier.
From a reference on the origin of the term in wikipedia, Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 2014, Vol. 2(1), 3–10 doi:10.5964/jspp.v2i1.264:
Quoted, as relevant to OSE's materialisticu-then-idealistic approach:
Moreover, Gumplowicz's early version of realistic group conflict theory assumed that ethnic groups are often in conflict because of conflicting realistic (economic, material) interests-(emphasis added by MJ). He theorized that group cohesion and syngenism (which correspond to ingroup positivity) bring about exploitation and subordination of other groups as well as hostility towards them (which correspond to group self-centeredness and outgroup negativity). This is very similar to Sumner's well-known theoretical postulate of the association between pro-ingroup and anti-outgroup attitudes (Sumner, 1906), and the idea that group cohesion and devotion lead to ethnocentric superiority and exploitativeness (Sumner, 1911). Additionally, like Gumplowicz before him, Sumner saw very close links between religion and ethnocentrism.
Although one should not ignore that both Gumplowicz and Sumner were influenced by other social scientists of the time, it is clear that when it comes to ethnocentrism, Gumplowicz had used the concept in a similar way to Sumner, but before him. In addition, it is also clear that Gumplowicz had influenced Sumner's theorizing about ethnocentrism and intergroup relations. It is, however, peculiar that Sumner's (1906) widely-cited section on ethnocentrism did not cite Gumplowicz.
Links on Relationship Between Ethnocentrism and Religion
- Christianity in the Netherlands has a positive effect on nationalism, but not on ethnocentrism. [1]
- Holy shit, no pun intended! This study shows that social deprivation and religiosity are linked! [2]. However, social deprivation definition is basic: age, sex, higher ed.
