Harkness

Exeter’s Harkness method was established in 1930 with a gift from Edward Harkness, a man who believed learning should be a democratic affair. It is a simple concept: Twelve students and one teacher sit around an oval table and discuss the subject at hand.

https://www.exeter.edu/excellence/how-youll-learn

Critique

• Harkness method tends to value quick wit over substantive dialogue - [1]

Solutions

• Integrates reflective pauses and journaling sessions into discussions. Integrate small group discussions. Then go back to the whole group. [2]
• Integrate more multimodal activity - such as online presence, CAD, cloud editable docs, etc. (OSE)
• Integrate. Choate says this [3].