Protocol II of the Geneva Convention

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Notably the USA did not ratify the Protocol II of the Geneva convention, protection for parties in non-international armed conflicts.

Why not? The US has not ratified the additional protocols. The additional protocols started to apply international law to intrastate conflicts (e.g. civil wars). This would essentially be conceding domestic sovereignty which the US historically has never been keen to do.

https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/protocol-additional-geneva-conventions-12-august-1949-and-0

See more at Geneva Conventions