Research Papers: Difference between revisions
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*'''Energy Efficiency Limits of 3D Printing''' - current work indicates 3D printing costs of 50 cents per lb of printed material [https://www.academia.edu/31327768/Emergence_of_Home_Manufacturing_in_the_Developed_World_Return_on_Investment_for_Open-Source_3-D_Printers] using standard printing techniques with 40W heater blocks. Up to 80W heater blocks are available commercially. Here we explore the limits of efficiency by making several improvements: 1. using larger nozzles (1.4 mm) with 80W and 120W heaters using innovating stacking of extruder heater blocks with specialized large-flow extruders, 2. Enclosures with varying amounts of insulation; and 3., insulated heat beds with varying levels of insulation. Predictions indicate 8x efficiency gains from higher power extruders, and 3x from the combined effect of printing enclosures and insulated heat bed. Results indicate 20x energy cost decrease of 3D printing from 50 cents to 2.5 cents/lb of printed PLA assuming 10 cent/kWhr energy costs. Combined with photovoltaic-powered operation, the actual cost of 3D printing drops to 1 cent per lb, thereby making the 3D printing of large objects such as airless car tires and plastic lumber feasible using additive manufacturing in a distributed manufacturing scenario. | *'''Energy Efficiency Limits of 3D Printing''' - current work indicates 3D printing energy costs of 50 cents per lb of printed material [https://www.academia.edu/31327768/Emergence_of_Home_Manufacturing_in_the_Developed_World_Return_on_Investment_for_Open-Source_3-D_Printers] using standard printing techniques with 40W heater blocks. Up to 80W heater blocks are available commercially. Here we explore the limits of efficiency by making several improvements: 1. using larger nozzles (1.4 mm) with 80W and 120W heaters using innovating stacking of extruder heater blocks with specialized large-flow extruders, 2. Enclosures with varying amounts of insulation; and 3., insulated heat beds with varying levels of insulation. Predictions indicate 8x efficiency gains from higher power extruders, and 3x from the combined effect of printing enclosures and insulated heat bed. Results indicate 20x energy cost decrease of 3D printing from 50 cents to 2.5 cents/lb of printed PLA assuming 10 cent/kWhr energy costs. Combined with photovoltaic-powered operation, the actual cost of 3D printing drops to 1 cent per lb, thereby making the 3D printing of large objects such as airless car tires and plastic lumber feasible using additive manufacturing in a distributed manufacturing scenario. | ||
Revision as of 12:27, 14 April 2019
Intro
Academia can help OSE research critical proofs of concept for deploying the GVCS in full. See Research Questions. Here we list specific ideas to be explored in applied research papers.
Papers
- Energy Efficiency Limits of 3D Printing - current work indicates 3D printing energy costs of 50 cents per lb of printed material [1] using standard printing techniques with 40W heater blocks. Up to 80W heater blocks are available commercially. Here we explore the limits of efficiency by making several improvements: 1. using larger nozzles (1.4 mm) with 80W and 120W heaters using innovating stacking of extruder heater blocks with specialized large-flow extruders, 2. Enclosures with varying amounts of insulation; and 3., insulated heat beds with varying levels of insulation. Predictions indicate 8x efficiency gains from higher power extruders, and 3x from the combined effect of printing enclosures and insulated heat bed. Results indicate 20x energy cost decrease of 3D printing from 50 cents to 2.5 cents/lb of printed PLA assuming 10 cent/kWhr energy costs. Combined with photovoltaic-powered operation, the actual cost of 3D printing drops to 1 cent per lb, thereby making the 3D printing of large objects such as airless car tires and plastic lumber feasible using additive manufacturing in a distributed manufacturing scenario.