Hydrogen Storage: Difference between revisions
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=High Pressure Hydrogen= | =High Pressure Hydrogen= | ||
*350-700 bar - [http://www.steelheadcomposites.com/products/gas-cylinders/hydrogen/?_vsrefdom=adwords] - | *350-700 bar - [http://www.steelheadcomposites.com/products/gas-cylinders/hydrogen/?_vsrefdom=adwords] - [[File:Steelhead.jpg|100px]] - $3150 - 1400 gallons STP - 4.8 or 2.4 kg hydrogen at 700 or 350 bar. This is about 2.5 or 5 gallons of fuel equivalent. For a 100 mpg car, this is 250 or 500 mile range. | ||
*Electrolyzers can produce hydrogen at pressure, so a compressor is not needed. | *Electrolyzers can produce hydrogen at pressure, so a compressor is not needed. | ||
*A high pressure steel tank is about $500 - [http://www.tek-diver-shop.de/scuba-tanks/tanks-1-50-liters:::19_84.html?language=en] | *A high pressure steel tank is about $500 - [http://www.tek-diver-shop.de/scuba-tanks/tanks-1-50-liters:::19_84.html?language=en] | ||
*The simplest tank that can be used is a steel tank for up to 200 bar. This appears to be the lowest cost option. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_tank#Type_I] | *The simplest tank that can be used is a steel tank for up to 200 bar. This appears to be the lowest cost option. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_tank#Type_I] | ||
:*Standard tanks are 55" high and 9" wide. with 45x9 inch usable size. [http://www.tek-diver-shop.de/scuba-tanks/tanks-1-50-liters:::19_84.html?language=en 50L?] - about 12 gallon, yes, 50L. If 200 atmospheres, that is 2400 gallon equivalent. 4 of these store 10000 gallons - 1.7 gallon gasoline equivalent - but the efficiency of a hydrogen engine is 2x that of gasoline, so it's effectively 3.4 gallons by comparison. That is acceptable for a microcar, though cylinder weight is 143 each or 572 lb for the tanks themselves - a significant tradeoff for a 750 lb microcar. In the first iteration, a microcar could use 1 of these as a proof of concept for a 100 mile designed range at 750 lb of weight. | :*Standard tanks are 55" high and 9" wide. with 45x9 inch usable size. [http://www.tek-diver-shop.de/scuba-tanks/tanks-1-50-liters:::19_84.html?language=en 50L?] - about 12 gallon, yes, 50L. If 200 atmospheres, that is 2400 gallon equivalent. 4 of these store 10000 gallons - 1.7 gallon gasoline equivalent - but the efficiency of a hydrogen engine is 2x that of gasoline, so it's effectively 3.4 gallons by comparison. That is acceptable for a microcar, though cylinder weight is 143 each or 572 lb for the tanks themselves - a significant tradeoff for a 750 lb microcar. In the first iteration, a microcar could use 1 of these as a proof of concept for a 100 mile designed range at 750 lb of weight. | ||
==Calculations== | ==Calculations== | ||
Revision as of 20:41, 1 February 2018
Basics
- Although hydrogen if a good fuel, its storage can be complicated. Thus this page was made
High Pressure Hydrogen
- 350-700 bar - [1] -
- $3150 - 1400 gallons STP - 4.8 or 2.4 kg hydrogen at 700 or 350 bar. This is about 2.5 or 5 gallons of fuel equivalent. For a 100 mpg car, this is 250 or 500 mile range. - Electrolyzers can produce hydrogen at pressure, so a compressor is not needed.
- A high pressure steel tank is about $500 - [2]
- The simplest tank that can be used is a steel tank for up to 200 bar. This appears to be the lowest cost option. [3]
- Standard tanks are 55" high and 9" wide. with 45x9 inch usable size. 50L? - about 12 gallon, yes, 50L. If 200 atmospheres, that is 2400 gallon equivalent. 4 of these store 10000 gallons - 1.7 gallon gasoline equivalent - but the efficiency of a hydrogen engine is 2x that of gasoline, so it's effectively 3.4 gallons by comparison. That is acceptable for a microcar, though cylinder weight is 143 each or 572 lb for the tanks themselves - a significant tradeoff for a 750 lb microcar. In the first iteration, a microcar could use 1 of these as a proof of concept for a 100 mile designed range at 750 lb of weight.
Calculations
- Cost targets - https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage
- 1kWhr=3.6MJ. 1 kG of hydrogen is 142MJ/kg
- Cost for car tanks target - $15/kWhr - or about 40x for 1 kG - $600/kg. (above reference)
- Cost or stationary storage goal - $1000/kg - [4]
- Compare to propane tank, 1000 gal, 100 PSI -
Storage Tank Suppliers
- 700 bar, 20 gallon - [5]. RFQ submitted 1/27/18
- In-ground storage, 2200 PSI - 14"x40' - [6]
- Low, medium, and high pressure storage options - [7]
- Pictures of storage tanks - [8]
Cryogenic Liquid Storage
- Ultra High Density
- Can be done using a Delwar, a pure hydrogen gas source, and a cheap cryocooler
- A diy cryocooler could possibly be made to reduce costs further
Storage as a Synthesized Fuel
- Convert to Methane by the Sabatier Reaction
- That can be compressed/liquified as is or it could be further converted into other fuels:
- Methanol can be made from methane via the following process Listed Here
- Dimethyl Ether can be made from Methanol This Details How
- Dimethyl Ether Can be Catalytically Converted to Hydrocarbons such as Gasoline This Details How
- Hydrogen + Carbon Monoxide can be directly converted to hydrocarbons via the Fischer Tropsch Process
See Also
- Gas_Storage_in_PVC_Pipe - 10000 gal STP is 1.7 kg of hydrogen.
Useful Links
- This reports the cost of tanks at low-thousands scale for a car - [9]
- Energy.gov state of art technology report - [10]
- In an open source economy, these costs make hydrogen storage feasible at today's prices - deployable via community-supported manufacturing.
- Another USA ".gov" site on hydrogen storage