Clock Speed

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  • 3D transistors invented in 2011 to continue Moore's Law - [1]
  • Top speeds around 4GHZ and 9 GHZ with liquid gas cooling - [2]
  • Multicore concept - less powerful processors, but multiples of them. They thus use less energy, but have higher combined speed.
  • But: with multi cores - programs have to be written a different way to take advantage of multiple cores. This means that only specialized programs gain the benefit of multicores.
  • Many applications do not realize yet large speedup factors: parallelizing algorithms and software is a major on-going research area. - [3]
  • Thus, computer speed is a question of software now more than hardware. Software to take advantage of multiple cores. As we saw in FreeCAD, little of FreeCAD takes advantage of multiple cores.
  • Thus the central question for performance becomes: How do you program to use multicores? Multicore Programming 101.
  • For multithreading, there are 4 implementations in software: Pthreads (C), Threading Building Blocks (TBB), OpenMP, and Cilk++