Architect

Typical is college, internship, and Architect Registration Exam (ARE). Most states requires Bachelor's in Architecture.
Advantages - architecture can produce aesthetic and well-functioning design.
OSE perspective - Architecture is good, but it's a silo. An architect does not learn how to build buildings, and is thus not well qualified to produce buildable designs - specifically - designs that are easy to build.
Integrated Project Delivery - current trend introduced by the AIA in 2007 - [1]:

License Requirements