Basics

The Aspect of Quality Control Dedicated to Making Sure Colors Remain the Same From Design, to Materials, to Finished Product, and From Product to Product

Process

In the Design Process of the Product, the overall Color Scheme is debated, typical creative process flow for however the group does this

The Theoretical/Creative Team Meets up with the Manufacturers etc
The "Ideal Color" vs what can be done in real life, or how it would look due to the Surface Finish or with Plastic, the Opacity etc
Some Feedback is done in this step until any potential conflicts are cleaned up (Way to produce it is figured out, choice is changed, or compromise somewhere in between those two)

Materials Needed to Produce the Correct Paint/Coating/Colorant Pellet etc are determined
- This is either by Existing Recipes, or via Experimentation in the Group's Lab ( Quality Control Lab / Dedicated Color Lab )
This is then Used
As the Products are Produced, along with typical Quality Control Record Keeping , Photos / Color Value Scans are taken
Via various metrics, one can semi-objectively compare what the result is with the "optimal color"
- A Tolerance should be set up to make this an Achievable Goal (Re: SMART (Abbreviation )
- Add in a "Margin" too where if it is a "Pass" but is close to a Fail (by whatever Margin you set) you get a warning by that separate category (Similar to Documenting Close Calls in Industrial Hygiene )
Random Sampling for More Intensive Testing and/or Archiving may also be of use

Color Grading (A Similar Concept, but for Video Editing )
- Minor Caveat, it can also be used to affect the overall composition of a scene etc, not just make it "calibrated"
Metrology (Similar Concept, but for Units of Measure / Measuring Devices; "How do you know your level is level, that 1kg on the scale is 1kg, etc")