Hydrogen Compression

OSE Position

OSE proposes a robust economy based on water lubricated internal combustion engines running on hydrogen as a solution for distributed power production - available today using current technology with no new innovation needed outside of social innovation towards acceptance of the possibility.

Info

• Hydrogen Station Compression and Costs from NREL - [1]. Concludes cost of compression, storage, and
• Diaphragm compressor - for hydrogen - [2]
• Piston compressors provide high volume. Easier to do than diaphragm compressors. No need for ultra purity in hydrogen engines. [3]

Low Pressure Storage

• Low pressure hydrogen storage - [4] - NJ demo house.

Companies

• Pure Energy Centre - [5]

Hydrogen Cylinders

• 2000 PSI - 194 cu f (5.5 cu m) [6]

Hydrogen Generator

Separating Generator

• Diagram of system - [7]. Paper has info contacts at NREL, and comparison of PEM to alkaline.
• alkaline electrolyzer stack - price not shown - [8]
• 200 cc/min at 3-8 bar - $9k - [9]. With 1440 minutes/day - or 0.3 cu meter per day [10].
• 1000 cc/min - $3280 - for 1000 ml/min - 1.4 cu meter/day. Alkaline, 4 bar. That is 130 grams of hydrogen per day. [11]
  • Redo the same - and 10x lower cost.
  • Need 3 hours of Honda EU1000 generator - or 2.7 kWhr.
• 500 cc/min - $700 - [12]
  • x5 = $3500 for 2500 cc/min or 3.5 cu m per day (about 1000 gal propane tank with no compression (thus 500 gal at 4 bar can handle 2 days worth of generation), but if it is solar generation, that is 8 days of storage)) [13]. Or 290 grams per day.
• Power extraction - If 0.6 gal used for 7 hours at 1/4 power with Honda EU1000 - the gen set can do 7 hours at 200W. Or 1.4 kWhr. It advertises 3.2 hours at full power - or nearly 3 kW. Note that 3.2 hours at rated load of 900W - nearly 3 kWhr - on 0.6 gal gas. So it's more efficient to run at full power, which wastes less energy due to 'reciprocating pump loss'.
• Bottom line - 290 grams per day of hydrogen - less than 1/3 kg equivalent - means about one half the 0.6 kg (0.55 gal [14]) equivalent tank of the Honda EU1000. Thus, we get a power of about 1.5 kWhr from the daily generation of hydrogen using a Honda1000EU generator at full power. Not bad. That is marginal full power storage from an eco-home with smart energy. If designed for smart energy use, then this solar hydrogen route could be completely viable. Using $3500 in hydrogen generation. For storage in a Propane Tank - bottom line is
• Zirfon PERL is common electrolyzer separator material - [15]. It is a polysulfone (3D printable) and 85% ZrO2 nanoparticles blend. ZrO2 - [16]
• Both stainless steel and nickel work as electrodes - [17]
• Alkaline Electrolyzer Design

DIY Separating

• thediyscienceguy@gmail.com - [18]

Mixing Generator

• $200 for 6 lpm - but this is HHO, not H + 0
• Graphite plates work well - [19]
• Wet vs dry cell design - [20]

Demonstration Hydrogen Houses

• Hopewell Project - NJ - [21]. AKA Hydrogen House - [22]
• Scientific American - Oh, only $500k for the off-grid home - [23]

Hydrogen Engines

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_internal_combustion_engine_vehicle
• Improving the ICE for hydrogen use - [24]

Fuel Cells

• Fuel cell types overview - [25]
• 1kW costs $5k - [26]
• 400W for 8.5k Euro [27]
• $60/W - [28]
• 11k fuel cell cars exist already worldwide, half of them being in California - [29]
• From [30] -

Efficiency and Lifetime

• Efficiency from electrolysis back to electricity in fuel cells is 45% with fuel cells - p. 11 - [31]
• Lifetime of PEM FC is only 2k-4k hours in cars, and 40k in stationary applications. Major issues with longevity! [32]

Fueling Stations

• Cost approximately $1M each. OSE could fund these from proceeds of programmatic revenue in locations of OSE Campuses.

Internal Links

• 20 Hydrogen Myths (Whitepaper)
• Solar Hydrogen Production
• Hydrogen Production

External Links

• Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy