Canada as Leader in Housing
Canada Proposal
Build Smarter, Better, Faster: Proposal to Develop Canada as a World Leader in Housing Production through Design for Assembly/Manufacturing
Challenge:
Two of the biggest obstacles to reducing the cost of housing production are the availability of skilled labour and building practices. Current building practices, even with some focus on current prefabrication, simply require too much skilled labour.
Opportunity:
Canada has an opportunity to lower the cost of housing production and improve labour productivity by leveraging our expertise in Design for Assembly/Manufacturing (DFA/M) to improve quality, reduce costs and increase production volumes. DFA/M has reduced cost by 30%+ and improved quality in other industries.
Proposal:
That the Government of Canada expand the mandate of Build Canada Homes to include the development of a national housing industry with the goal of creating a low- cost housing production industry and positioning Canada as a world-leader in housing production. Lowering the cost of producing housing, using standard designs, leveraging the volume of housing required benefits all forms of housing; seniors, indigenous, students, young families, etc.
DFA/M typically requires significant investment. Developing new technologies, new production techniques, and automation, etc., is expensive. To fund and realize a reasonable ROI on the investment, a significant volume of production is necessary.
Achieving that volume is possible if the role of Build Canada Homes includes the overall responsibility to develop a Canadian housing industry, incorporating DFM/A working with private industry in the Canadian housing industry. This could be modelled somewhat like Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, which led the efforts to create the CANDU reactor and an industry to produce it. Following the AECL model, Build Canada Homes establishes a consortium of private and public resources to implement the solution.
Background:
In April 2024, the Government of Canada created Build Canada Homes, which focuses on:
1: Building more homes: Bringing down construction costs, getting cities to allow more homes to be built, transforming how we build them, and growing the workforce to get the job done.
2: Making it easier to rent or own a home: Making it easier to rent or own a home and ensuring every renter or homeowner can retain their home.
3: Helping Canadians who can't afford a home: Working to end chronic homelessness in Canada, and building more affordable housing for students and seniors.
This policy proposal recognizes that Canada has to build more housing than it ever has before and seeks innovative approaches to overcoming significant obstacles. In 2025, CMHC estimated that up to 480,000 housing units need to be built per year. This is about double what is currently being built, and lately the number of housing units under construction has been declining.
While the Government of Canada, Provinces and Municipalities have taken steps to address the housing crisis with many programs to address seniors housing, housing for young families, indigenous housing, student housing, reduced permitting costs, changing zoning to encourage multi-unit buildings, etc, the actual cost of producing the housing is something that receives little attention.
To date, much of the federal government’s efforts have focused on establishing standardized housing plans (Housing Design Catalogue) and a greater focus on prefabricated housing. While these efforts, alongside other government programs, will lead to incremental improvements in the pace of housing construction, they will not double housing builds at affordable prices.
Example:
In Calgary, ATCO Structures and Attainable Housing Calgary are partnering to build affordable studio apartments.
ATCO is building 56 modular units to deliver 84 studio apartments.
By using factory built prefabricated units, this project can be delivered at a lower cost, higher quality and much less time than traditional building methods.
(read full document - File:Canadahousingchallenge.pdf
OSE Proposal
OSE has pioneered rapid swarm build techniques where even unskilled participants - under the guidance of professional build guides - can build a complete house in only 5 days. We have achieved a $100k build cost, compared to the $180k industry standard for a 3 bed, 2 bath, 1375 square foot home. Our cost includes 6kW of photovoltaics, which ships as a standard feature in all of our homes.
This does not require expensive plant and automation. Our proposal builds upon the sweat equity model for home buyers, much like Habitat For Humanity. Unlike Habitat for Humanity, our work can be executed either with buyer sweat equity and volunteers - or in an educational setting with on-the-job training. This relies on SEH Cost Savings (see About Cost Reduction below).
OSE proposes to start a Future Builders Academy in Canada, based on the Future Builders Academy model - and enroll 240 students within 1 year to begin produce 500 homes per year within 2 years. Further, this model can be bootstrapped by house pre-sales of model homes, requiring no heavy financing outside of modest startup capital. We further propose to start a Future Builders Academy in each of Canada's 41 metropolitan areas, for 20,000 new homes produced each year within 4 years.
OSE proposes 2 tracks: one is the production model above, turnkey builds executed by Future Builders Academy graduates. We also propose a sweat equity model, such as the Financial Independence Package - which allows prospective homeowners to build their own expandable starter homes in 6 weeks under professional guidance in a controlled environment. This blends the best of Factory Built Modular Home (FBMH) techniques with a sweat equity model of Habitat for Humanity - augmenting this with the efficiency of optimized, open source design including regulatory compliance via open source, engineered reference designs. In this sweat equity model, we envision 6 houses built every six weeks - with a production level of 36 new homes for each of the 41 facilities. Combined with turnkey homes, this combines to a production level of about 30,000 new homes being produced within 4 years.
We envition the above metropolitan centers to be development hubs, including an enterprise training program to address additional use cases: seniors housing, housing for young families, indigenous housing, student housing, rent-to-own models, low income housing, and multi-unit buildings. The modular, construction set appraoch of the OSE Seed Eco-Homes lends itself perfectly for diverse applications.
OSE is a pioneer in distributed Design for Manufacturing/Assembly (DFM/A) - while adding value with open source design and standards, incremental housing techniques, design-for-disassembly, and design-for-tolerancing - of which the latter reduces skill set requirements for builders, allowing the build model to reach scale.
About Cost Reduction
The way to reduce housing cost is by:
- Optimized Design - open source blueprints, design optimization with integrated design, and open production engineering. All are required for an efficient build that exceeds industry standards.
- Open-source compliance documentation - producing documentation and engineering reference drawings to reduce permit, plan check, and engineering costs from thousands to near zero marginal cost
- Efficient Build - 24 person, 5 day modular swarm build that exponentiates learning
- Open Source Machines - for construction and materials production. Seed Eco-Home Savings with Open Source Construction Machines - $4340
- Open Source Fuels - plastic pyrolysis for gas and diesel obtained from waste stream plastic. Followed by the full blown Solar Hydrogen Economy
- Materials Cost Reduction - see Seed Eco-Home Materials Cost Reduction - $45300
If the current cost is $60k for materials for a 1375 sf 3 bed 2 bath home with 6kW photovoltaics, we can slash this cost to $10k with open source machines and materials. Total Savings in an Open Sector Enterprise are $49640.
It would be impossible for any enterprise to execute on the above without open source hardware. This also includes in addition to the above:
- Automated grading - cost reduction of $2k in labor. Once built, lifetime design operating costs must be considered:
- Thermal Battery - 70% electrical consumption reduction out of the box because water heating, cooling, and hot water are 70% of all electric use. Integration with Direct Geothermal makes sense. $700/year savings in electricity means significant cost reduction.
- Open Source Inverter - $2k savings for every 5 years lifetime of an inverter.
- Open Source Heat Pump - $2k every 5 years for 5 year lifetime of a heat pump
Higher tech endeavors include:
- Photovoltaics Manufacturing - currently cost is 20 cents per watt, as low as 7 cents from china. If we assume $100 for a 500W panel, it is hard to beat but we gain in recyclability and lifetime if we design the PV panels to be recycled or building-integrated. With open source automated production, we can transition such manufacturing from gigafactories to distributed megafactories. This is feasible because the starting material is sand, and Upgraded Metallurgical Silicon is an interesting route.
The requirements are:
- Advanced Rapid Learning Curriculum - Rapid Learning Facility for hands on, experiential learning-by-teaching, according to principles of Integrated Education.
- Modularity - we follow module-based design - blending the efficiency of controlled builds as in factory built modular homes - with human-scale design (wall modules are 4x9') - dropping the production facility cost 10x. This allows for flexibility - as our build model can be executed either in a controlled environment or in the field.
- Swarm Builds - by involving highly coordinated cohorts of 24 apprentices, the learning rate jumps 10x because builds are 10x faster - allowing students to practice more diverse skill sets by experiencing a much larger amount of content compared to traditional single-trade learning
- Purpose and Entrepreneurial Approach - we base the motivation for the education program upon gaining financial independence, becoming future-proof, and engaging in transforming systems - starting with the system of housing production