Basics

A Measure of how much compression a fuel can handle before ignition
Higher Octane Rating means a higher Compression Ratio can be used in a Spark Ignition Engine
Important to control Engine Knocking
Largely Irrelevant to Diesel Engines as Cetane Value tends to be used
Should OSE use RON as the measurement of choice?

Quick Reference Table of Various Fuels

Carbon Monoxide ? (Useful for Calculating Charcoal Gasifier Engine Parameters, as well as engines using waste gas from Refineries)
- It could also be used as an approximation for Wood Gas however due to Tars and gaseous components other than Carbon Monoxide or Hydrogen, as well as variations between different wood feedstocks this is complicated compared to Charcoal which short of Ash Content should be mostly standard
- Furthermore if using Ultra Pure Charcoal Fuel there should be nothing other than Hydrogen and/or Carbon Monoxide short of trace amounts of ash etc
Diesel Fuel 15-25
Dimethyl Ether 105-123
Ethanol 108.6
Hydrogen More than 130?
Methane 120
Methanol 108.7